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Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network in Tinnitus. 耳鸣背侧注意网络的异常静息状态功能连通性。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-31 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2804533
Haimeng Hu, Yining Lyu, Shihong Li, Zheng Yuan, Chuntao Ye, Zhao Han, Guangwu Lin

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses have shown that the dorsal attention network (DAN) is involved in the pathophysiological changes of tinnitus, but few relevant studies have been conducted, and the conclusions to date are not uniform. The purpose of this research was to test whether there is a change in intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) patterns between the DAN and other brain regions in tinnitus patients. Thirty-one patients with persistent tinnitus and thirty-three healthy controls were enrolled in this study. A group independent component analysis (ICA), degree centrality (DC) analysis, and seed-based FC analysis were conducted. In the group ICA, the tinnitus patients showed increased connectivity in the left superior parietal gyrus in the DAN compared to the healthy controls. Compared with the healthy controls, the tinnitus patients showed increased DC in the left inferior parietal gyrus and decreased DC in the left precuneus within the DAN. The clusters within the DAN with significant differences in the ICA or DC analysis between the tinnitus patients and the healthy controls were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for seeds. The tinnitus patients exhibited significantly increased FC from the left superior parietal gyrus to several brain regions, including the left inferior parietal gyrus, the left superior marginal gyrus, and the right superior frontal gyrus, and decreased FC to the right anterior cingulate cortex. The tinnitus patients exhibited decreased FC from the left precuneus to the left inferior occipital gyrus, left calcarine cortex, and left superior frontal gyrus compared with the healthy controls. The findings of this study show that compared with healthy controls, tinnitus patients have altered functional connections not only within the DAN but also between the DAN and other brain regions. These results suggest that it may be possible to improve the disturbance and influence of tinnitus by regulating the DAN.

以往的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)分析表明,背侧注意网络(DAN)参与耳鸣的病理生理变化,但相关研究较少,结论也不统一。本研究的目的是测试耳鸣患者丹区与其他脑区之间是否存在内在功能连接(FC)模式的改变。31名持续性耳鸣患者和33名健康对照者参加了这项研究。进行了群体独立成分分析(ICA)、度中心性分析(DC)和基于种子的FC分析。在ICA组中,与健康对照组相比,耳鸣患者在DAN左侧顶叶上回的连通性增加。与健康对照组相比,耳鸣患者在DAN内左侧顶叶下回DC增加,左侧楔前叶DC减少。选择耳鸣患者与健康对照者在ICA或DC分析中具有显著差异的DAN内的聚类作为种子的兴趣区域(roi)。耳鸣患者从左侧顶叶上回到左侧顶叶下回、左侧边缘上回、右侧额叶上回等多个脑区FC明显增加,而到右侧前扣带皮层FC明显减少。与健康对照组相比,耳鸣患者从左侧楔前叶到左侧枕下回、左侧钙脑皮层和左侧额上回的FC均下降。本研究结果表明,与健康对照相比,耳鸣患者不仅在DAN内,而且在DAN与其他大脑区域之间的功能连接都发生了改变。这些结果表明,可能通过调节DAN来改善耳鸣的干扰和影响。
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引用次数: 6
Effectiveness of Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation versus Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Functional Recovery in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 对侧控制功能性电刺激与神经肌肉电刺激对亚急性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复的有效性:一项随机对照试验。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1987662
Songhua Huang, Peile Liu, Yinglun Chen, Beiyao Gao, Yingying Li, Chan Chen, Yulong Bai

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) versus neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on motor recovery of the upper limb in subacute stroke patients.

Materials and methods: Fifty patients within six months poststroke were randomly assigned to the CCFES group (n = 25) and the NMES group (n = 25). Both groups underwent routine rehabilitation plus 20-minute stimulation on wrist extensors per day, five days a week, for 3 weeks. Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE), action research arm test (ARAT), Barthel Index (BI), and surface electromyography (sEMG) were assessed at baseline and end of intervention.

Results: After a 3-week intervention, FMA-UE and BI increased in both groups (p < 0.05). ARAT increased significantly only in the CCFES group (p < 0.05). The changes of FMA-UE, ARAT, and BI in the CCFES group were not greater than those in the NMES group. The improvement in sEMG response of extensor carpi radialis by CCFES was greater than that by NMES (p = 0.026). The cocontraction ratio (CCR) of flexor carpi radialis did not decrease in both groups.

Conclusions: CCFES improved upper limb motor function, but did not show better treatment effect than NMES. CCFES significantly enhanced the sEMG response of paretic extensor carpi radialis compared with NMES, but did not decrease the cocontraction of antagonist.

目的:比较对侧控制功能电刺激(CCFES)与神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)对亚急性脑卒中患者上肢运动恢复的效果。材料与方法:50例脑卒中后6个月内的患者随机分为CCFES组(n = 25)和NMES组(n = 25)。两组患者均接受常规康复治疗,外加每天20分钟的腕伸肌刺激,每周五天,持续3周。在基线和干预结束时评估上肢Fugl-Meyer评估(FMA-UE)、动作研究臂测试(ARAT)、Barthel指数(BI)和表面肌电图(sEMG)。结果:干预3周后,两组患者FMA-UE、BI均升高(p < 0.05)。ARAT仅在CCFES组显著升高(p < 0.05)。CCFES组FMA-UE、ARAT、BI变化均不大于NMES组。CCFES对桡侧腕伸肌肌电反应的改善明显大于NMES (p = 0.026)。两组桡侧腕屈肌收缩比(CCR)均未降低。结论:CCFES改善了上肢运动功能,但治疗效果并不优于NMES。与NMES相比,CCFES显著增强了患儿桡侧腕伸肌的肌电反应,但未减少拮抗剂的收缩。
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引用次数: 4
Investigation of Neuron Latency Modulated by Bilateral Inferior Collicular Interactions Using Whole-Cell Patch Clamp Recording in Brain Slices. 脑切片全细胞膜片钳记录双侧下丘相互作用调控神经元潜伏期的研究。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-10 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8030870
Jinzhe Ma, Yangyang Han, Yiting Yao, Huimei Wang, Mengxia Chen, Ziying Fu, Qicai Chen, Jia Tang

As the final level of the binaural integration center in the subcortical nucleus, the inferior colliculus (IC) plays an essential role in receiving binaural information input. Previous studies have focused on how interactions between the bilateral IC affect the firing rate of IC neurons. However, little is known concerning how the interactions within the bilateral IC affect neuron latency. In this study, we explored the synaptic mechanism of the effect of bilateral IC interactions on the latency of IC neurons. We used whole-cell patch clamp recordings to assess synaptic responses in isolated brain slices of Kunming mice. The results demonstrated that the excitation-inhibition projection was the main projection between the bilateral IC. Also, the bilateral IC interactions could change the reaction latency of most neurons to different degrees. The variation in latency was related to the type of synaptic input and the relative intensity of the excitation and inhibition. Furthermore, the latency variation also was caused by the duration change of the first subthreshold depolarization firing response of the neurons. The distribution characteristics of the different types of synaptic input also differed. Excitatory-inhibitory neurons were widely distributed in the IC dorsal and central nuclei, while excitatory neurons were relatively concentrated in these two nuclei. Inhibitory neurons did not exhibit any apparent distribution trend due to the small number of assessed neurons. These results provided an experimental reference to reveal the modulatory functions of bilateral IC projections.

下丘作为皮质下核中双耳整合中枢的最后一级,在接收双耳信息输入中起着至关重要的作用。以往的研究主要集中在双侧IC之间的相互作用如何影响IC神经元的放电速率。然而,关于双侧IC内的相互作用如何影响神经元潜伏期,我们知之甚少。在本研究中,我们探讨了双侧IC相互作用对IC神经元潜伏期影响的突触机制。我们使用全细胞膜片钳记录来评估昆明小鼠离体脑切片的突触反应。结果表明,双侧IC之间以兴奋-抑制投射为主,双侧IC相互作用可不同程度地改变大多数神经元的反应潜伏期。潜伏期的变化与突触输入的类型、兴奋和抑制的相对强度有关。此外,潜伏期的变化还与神经元第一次阈下去极化放电反应的持续时间变化有关。不同类型的突触输入的分布特征也不同。兴奋抑制性神经元广泛分布于IC背核和中央核,而兴奋性神经元则相对集中于这两个核。由于被测神经元数量少,抑制神经元没有明显的分布趋势。这些结果为揭示双侧IC投射的调节功能提供了实验参考。
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引用次数: 0
Sports Augmented Cognitive Benefits: An fMRI Study of Executive Function with Go/NoGo Task. 运动增强认知能力:执行功能与 Go/NoGo 任务的 fMRI 研究。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-07 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7476717
Qingguo Ding, Lina Huang, Jie Chen, Farzaneh Dehghani, Juan Du, Yingli Li, Qin Li, Hongqiang Zhang, Zhen Qian, Wenbin Shen, Xiaowei Yin, Pei Liang

Exercise is believed to have significant cognitive benefits. Although an array of experimental paradigms have been employed to test the cognitive effects on exercising individuals, the mechanism as to how exercise induces cognitive benefits in the brain remains unclear. This study explores the effect of dynamic neural network processing with the classic Go/NoGo task with regular exercisers. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the brain activation of areas involved in executive function, especially inhibitory control. Nineteen regular joggers and twenty-one subjects as a control group performed the task, and their brain imaging data were analyzed. The results showed that at the attentive visual period, the frontal and parietal areas, including the prefrontal cortex, putamen, thalamus, lingual, fusiform, and caudate, were significantly enhanced in positive activities than the control group. On the other hand, in the following inhibitory control processing period, almost the same areas of the brains of the exercise group have shown stronger negative activation in comparison to the control group. Such dynamic temporal response patterns indicate that sports augment cognitive benefits; i.e., regular jogging increases the brain's visual attention and inhibitory control capacities.

运动被认为对认知有显著的益处。虽然人们采用了一系列实验范式来测试运动对认知的影响,但运动如何对大脑产生认知益处的机制仍不清楚。本研究通过经典的Go/NoGo任务,探讨了动态神经网络处理对经常锻炼者的影响。我们使用功能性磁共振成像技术分析了大脑中涉及执行功能(尤其是抑制控制)的区域的激活情况。19 名经常慢跑的人和作为对照组的 21 名受试者完成了任务,并对他们的脑成像数据进行了分析。结果显示,在注意力集中的视觉期,额叶和顶叶区域,包括前额叶皮层、普鲁士门、丘脑、舌状体、纺锤体和尾状体的积极活动明显强于对照组。另一方面,在接下来的抑制控制处理期,运动组大脑中几乎相同的区域都比对照组表现出更强的负激活。这种动态的时间反应模式表明,体育运动能增强认知能力,即经常慢跑能增强大脑的视觉注意力和抑制控制能力。
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引用次数: 3
Distinctive Gut Microbiota Alteration Is Associated with Poststroke Functional Recovery: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study. 独特的肠道菌群改变与卒中后功能恢复相关:一项前瞻性队列研究的结果
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-07 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1469339
Yini Dang, Xintong Zhang, Yu Zheng, Binbin Yu, Dijia Pan, Xiaomin Jiang, Chengjie Yan, Qiuyu Yu, Xiao Lu

Objectives: Functional prognosis is potentially correlated with gut microbiota alterations following the dysregulation of the gut-microbiota-brain axis after stroke. This study was designed to explore the poststroke alterations of gut microbiota and potential correlations between gut microbiota and global functions.

Methods: A total of thirty-eight patients with stroke and thirty-five healthy demographics-matched controls were recruited. Their fecal DNAs were extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the conserved bacterial 16S RNA were amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Microbial composition, diversity indices, and species cooccurrence were compared between groups. Random forest and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Relationships between discriminant bacteria and poststroke functional outcomes were estimated.

Results: Higher alpha diversity of gut microbiota was observed in poststroke patients as compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Beta diversity showed that microbiota composition in the poststroke group was significantly different from that in the control group. Relative abundance of nine genera increased significantly in poststroke patients, while 82 genera significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The accuracy, specificity, and susceptibility of the optimal model consisted of the top 10 discriminant species were 93%, 100%, and 86%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that bacterial taxa abundant between subacute and chronic stroke patients were overall different (p < 0.05). The modified Rankin scale (mRS) (r = -0.370, p < 0.05), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score (r = 0.364, p < 0.05), water swallow test (WST) (r = 0.340, p < 0.05), and Barthel index (BI) (r = 0.349, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with alterations of distinctive gut microbiota.

Conclusions: The gut microbiota in patients with stroke was significantly changed in terms of richness and composition. Significant associations were detected between alterations of distinctive gut microbiota and global functional prognosis. It would facilitate novel treatment target selection in the context of stroke while the causal relationships between distinctive gut microbiota alterations and functional variations need to be further verified with well-designed studies.

目的:脑卒中后肠道-微生物群-脑轴失调后的功能预后可能与肠道微生物群改变相关。本研究旨在探讨中风后肠道微生物群的改变以及肠道微生物群与整体功能之间的潜在相关性。方法:共招募38例脑卒中患者和35例人口统计学匹配的健康对照。提取他们的粪便dna,在Illumina MiSeq平台上扩增保守细菌16S RNA的V3-V4区域并测序。比较各组间微生物组成、多样性指数和物种共发生情况。随机森林和受试者工作特征分析用于识别潜在的诊断性生物标志物。鉴别细菌与脑卒中后功能结局之间的关系进行了评估。结果:脑卒中后患者肠道菌群α多样性高于健康对照组(p < 0.05)。β多样性表明,中风后组的微生物群组成与对照组有显著差异。卒中后患者中9个属的相对丰度显著升高,82个属的相对丰度显著降低(p < 0.05)。由前10个判别种组成的最优模型的准确率、特异性和敏感性分别为93%、100%和86%。亚组分析显示,亚急性与慢性脑卒中患者细菌类群丰富程度总体差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。改良Rankin量表(mRS) (r = -0.370, p < 0.05)、Fugl-Meyer评估(FMA)评分(r = 0.364, p < 0.05)、吞水试验(WST) (r = 0.340, p < 0.05)和Barthel指数(BI) (r = 0.349, p < 0.05)与不同肠道菌群的改变显著相关。结论:脑卒中患者的肠道菌群在丰富度和组成方面发生了显著变化。不同肠道菌群的改变与整体功能预后之间存在显著关联。这将促进中风背景下新的治疗靶点选择,而不同肠道微生物群改变和功能变化之间的因果关系需要通过精心设计的研究进一步验证。
{"title":"Distinctive Gut Microbiota Alteration Is Associated with Poststroke Functional Recovery: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yini Dang,&nbsp;Xintong Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Binbin Yu,&nbsp;Dijia Pan,&nbsp;Xiaomin Jiang,&nbsp;Chengjie Yan,&nbsp;Qiuyu Yu,&nbsp;Xiao Lu","doi":"10.1155/2021/1469339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1469339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Functional prognosis is potentially correlated with gut microbiota alterations following the dysregulation of the gut-microbiota-brain axis after stroke. This study was designed to explore the poststroke alterations of gut microbiota and potential correlations between gut microbiota and global functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of thirty-eight patients with stroke and thirty-five healthy demographics-matched controls were recruited. Their fecal DNAs were extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the conserved bacterial 16S RNA were amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Microbial composition, diversity indices, and species cooccurrence were compared between groups. Random forest and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Relationships between discriminant bacteria and poststroke functional outcomes were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher alpha diversity of gut microbiota was observed in poststroke patients as compared to the healthy controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Beta diversity showed that microbiota composition in the poststroke group was significantly different from that in the control group. Relative abundance of nine genera increased significantly in poststroke patients, while 82 genera significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The accuracy, specificity, and susceptibility of the optimal model consisted of the top 10 discriminant species were 93%, 100%, and 86%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that bacterial taxa abundant between subacute and chronic stroke patients were overall different (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The modified Rankin scale (mRS) (<i>r</i> = -0.370, <i>p</i> < 0.05), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score (<i>r</i> = 0.364, <i>p</i> < 0.05), water swallow test (WST) (<i>r</i> = 0.340, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and Barthel index (BI) (<i>r</i> = 0.349, <i>p</i> < 0.05) were significantly associated with alterations of distinctive gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The gut microbiota in patients with stroke was significantly changed in terms of richness and composition. Significant associations were detected between alterations of distinctive gut microbiota and global functional prognosis. It would facilitate novel treatment target selection in the context of stroke while the causal relationships between distinctive gut microbiota alterations and functional variations need to be further verified with well-designed studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8670901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39609579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Soleus H-Reflex Change in Poststroke Spasticity: Modulation due to Body Position. 脑卒中后痉挛的比目鱼h反射变化:体位调节。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-07 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9955153
Wenting Qin, Anjing Zhang, Mingzhen Yang, Chan Chen, Lijun Zhen, Hong Yang, Lingjing Jin, Fang Li

Purpose: This study is aimed at exploring how soleus H-reflex change in poststroke patients with spasticity influenced by body position.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia and twelve age-matched healthy controls were investigated. Maximal Hoffmann-reflex (Hmax) and motor potential (Mmax) were elicited at the popliteal fossa in both prone and standing positions, respectively, and the Hmax/Mmax ratio at each body position was determined. Compare changes in reflex behavior in both spastic and contralateral muscles of stroke survivors in prone and standing positions, and match healthy subjects in the same position.

Results: In healthy subjects, Hmax and Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly decreased in the standing position compared to the prone position (Hmax: p = 0.000, Hmax/Mmax: p = 0.016). However, Hmax/Mmax ratios were increased in standing position on both sides in poststroke patients with spasticity (unaffected side: p = 0.006, affected side: p = 0.095). The Hmax and Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly more increased on the affected side than unaffected side irrespective of the position.

Conclusions: The motor neuron excitability of both sides was not suppressed but instead upregulated in the standing position in subjects with spasticity, which may suggest that there was abnormal regulation of the Ia pathway on both sides.

目的:探讨体位对脑卒中后痉挛患者比目鱼h反射的影响。材料与方法:选取24例脑卒中痉挛性偏瘫患者和12例年龄匹配的健康对照。在俯卧位和站立位分别激发腘窝最大霍夫曼反射(Hmax)和运动电位(Mmax),并测定各体位的Hmax/Mmax比值。比较中风幸存者在俯卧位和站立位时痉挛肌和对侧肌反射行为的变化,并匹配相同体位的健康受试者。结果:健康受试者站立位的Hmax和Hmax/Mmax比值明显低于俯卧位(Hmax: p = 0.000, Hmax/Mmax: p = 0.016)。而卒中后痉挛患者站立位时,两侧Hmax/Mmax比值均升高(未患侧:p = 0.006,患侧:p = 0.095)。不同体位,患侧的Hmax和Hmax/Mmax比值均显著高于未患侧。结论:痉挛受试者站立体位时双侧运动神经元兴奋性未被抑制,反而上调,可能提示双侧Ia通路存在异常调节。
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引用次数: 2
Blood-Brain Barrier Overview: Structural and Functional Correlation. 血脑屏障概述:结构和功能的相关性。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-06 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6564585
Abeer Alahmari

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable and extremely selective system in the central nervous system of most vertebrates, that separates blood from the brain's extracellular fluid. It plays a vital role in regulating the transport of necessary materials for brain function, furthermore, protecting it from foreign substances in the blood that could damage it. In this review, we searched in Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Saudi Digital Library for the various cells and components that support the development and function of this barrier, as well as the different pathways to transport the various molecules between blood and the brain. We also discussed the aspects that lead to BBB dysfunction and its neuropathological consequences, with the identification of some of the most important biomarkers that might be used as a biomarker to predict the BBB disturbances. This comprehensive overview of BBB will pave the way for future studies to focus on developing more specific targeting systems in material delivery as a future approach that assists in combinatorial therapy or nanotherapy to destroy or modify this barrier in pathological conditions such as brain tumors and brain stem cell carcinomas.

血脑屏障(BBB)是大多数脊椎动物中枢神经系统中的半透性和极具选择性的系统,它将血液与大脑的细胞外液分开。它在调节大脑功能所需物质的运输方面起着至关重要的作用,此外,它还保护大脑免受血液中可能损害它的外来物质的侵害。在这篇综述中,我们在Google Scholar、Pubmed、Web of Science和沙特阿拉伯数字图书馆中搜索了支持这一屏障发育和功能的各种细胞和成分,以及在血液和大脑之间运输各种分子的不同途径。我们还讨论了导致血脑屏障功能障碍及其神经病理后果的方面,并确定了一些最重要的生物标志物,这些生物标志物可能用作预测血脑屏障障碍的生物标志物。对血脑屏障的全面概述将为未来的研究铺平道路,重点是开发更具体的靶向系统,作为未来的方法,帮助联合治疗或纳米治疗在脑肿瘤和脑干细胞癌等病理条件下破坏或改变这一屏障。
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引用次数: 37
Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis in Experimental Vascular Dementia Mice by Promoting GPR30 Expression. 人参皂苷Rg1通过促进GPR30表达预防实验性血管性痴呆小鼠认知功能障碍和海马神经元凋亡
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-03 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2412220
Fengming Shen, Juan Wang, Feng Gao, Jingji Wang, Guoqi Zhu

This study is aimed at investigating the potential roles of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER, also known as GPR30) in the preventive effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against cognitive impairment and hippocampal cell apoptosis in experimental vascular dementia (VD) in mice. The effects of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) on GPR30 expression at mRNA level were evaluated. Thereafter, the BCAS mouse model was utilized to evaluate the protection of Rg1 (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg, 14 days, ip). Spatial memory was evaluated by water Morris Maze 7 days post BCAS. After behavioral tests, neuronal apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and potential mechanisms were determined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that GPR30 expression in the hippocampal region at mRNA level was promoted 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h following BCAS. Ginsenoside Rg1 (1 or 10 mg/kg, 14 days, ip) promoted GPR30 expression in the hippocampus of model mice (after behavioral tests) but did not alter GPR30 expression in the hippocampus of control mice. Moreover, treatment of ginsenoside Rg1 (10 mg/kg) or G1 (5 μg/kg), a GPR30 agonist, prevented BCAS-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss and apoptosis and promoted the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax expression in the hippocampus (after behavioral tests). On the contrary, G15 (185 μg/kg), an antagonist of GPR30, aggravated BCAS-induced hippocampal neuronal loss and apoptosis. Finally, drug-target molecular docking pointed that Rg1 had a lower binding energy with GPR30 compared with Bax and Bcl-2. Together, our data implicate that ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in VD mice, likely through promoting GPR30 expression. These results would provide important implications for the application of Rg1 in the treatment of VD.

本研究旨在探讨G蛋白偶联雌激素受体1 (GPER,又称GPR30)在人参皂苷Rg1对实验性血管性痴呆(VD)小鼠认知功能障碍和海马细胞凋亡的预防作用中的潜在作用。观察双侧颈总动脉狭窄(BCAS)对GPR30 mRNA水平表达的影响。随后,采用BCAS小鼠模型评价Rg1(0.1、1、10 mg/kg, 14 d, ip)的保护作用。BCAS后7 d采用Morris水迷宫评价空间记忆。行为学实验结束后,采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法检测神经元凋亡,采用western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR检测神经元凋亡的潜在机制。我们的研究结果显示,在BCAS后30分钟、3小时、6小时和24小时,海马区GPR30 mRNA水平的表达均有所提高。人参皂苷Rg1(1或10 mg/kg, 14 d, ip)促进模型小鼠海马GPR30表达(行为学实验后),但不改变对照小鼠海马GPR30表达。此外,人参皂苷Rg1 (10 mg/kg)或G1 (5 μg/kg) (GPR30激动剂)可预防bcas诱导的记忆障碍和海马神经元丢失和凋亡,并提高海马中Bcl-2与Bax的表达比(行为学测试)。相反,GPR30拮抗剂G15 (185 μg/kg)加重了bcas诱导的海马神经元的丢失和凋亡。最后,药物靶分子对接指出Rg1与GPR30的结合能较Bax和Bcl-2低。总之,我们的数据表明,人参皂苷Rg1可能通过促进GPR30的表达来预防VD小鼠的认知障碍和海马神经元凋亡。这些结果将为Rg1在VD治疗中的应用提供重要意义。
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引用次数: 15
Assessment of Cortical Plasticity in Schizophrenia by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 经颅磁刺激评估精神分裂症患者的皮质可塑性。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-02 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585951
Turki Abualait, Sultan Alzahrani, Ahmed AlOthman, Fahad Abdulah Alhargan, Nouf Altwaijri, Rooa Khallaf, Eman Nasim, Shahid Bashir

Neural plasticity refers to the capability of the brain to modify its structure and/or function and organization in response to a changing environment. Evidence shows that disruption of neuronal plasticity and altered functional connectivity between distinct brain networks contribute significantly to the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has emerged as a noninvasive brain stimulation tool that can be utilized to investigate cortical excitability with the aim of probing neural plasticity mechanisms. In particular, in pathological disorders, such as schizophrenia, cortical dysfunction, such as an aberrant excitatory-inhibitory balance in cortical networks, altered cortical connectivity, and impairment of critical period timing are very important to be studied using different TMS paradigms. Studying such neurophysiological characteristics and plastic changes would help in elucidating different aspects of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. This review attempts to summarize the findings of available TMS studies with diagnostic and characterization aims, but not with therapeutic purposes, in schizophrenia. Findings provide further evidence of aberrant excitatory-inhibitory balance in cortical networks, mediated by neurotransmitter pathways such as the glutamate and GABA systems. Future studies with combining techniques, for instance, TMS with brain imaging or molecular genetic typing, would shed light on the characteristics and predictors of schizophrenia.

神经可塑性是指大脑对不断变化的环境做出反应,改变其结构和/或功能和组织的能力。有证据表明,神经元可塑性的破坏和不同脑网络之间功能连接的改变对精神分裂症的病理生理机制有重要贡献。经颅磁刺激已成为一种无创的大脑刺激工具,可用于研究皮层兴奋性,以探索神经可塑性机制。特别是,在精神分裂症等病理性疾病中,皮层功能障碍,如皮层网络中异常的兴奋-抑制平衡、皮层连接的改变和关键时期时间的损伤,对于使用不同的TMS范式进行研究非常重要。研究这些神经生理学特征和可塑性变化将有助于阐明精神分裂症病理生理机制的不同方面。这篇综述试图总结现有的TMS研究的结果,这些研究的目的是诊断和表征精神分裂症,而不是治疗。研究结果进一步证明了皮层网络中异常的兴奋-抑制平衡,由谷氨酸和GABA系统等神经递质途径介导。未来的研究将结合技术,例如TMS与大脑成像或分子遗传分型相结合,将揭示精神分裂症的特征和预测因素。
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引用次数: 3
Deep Sequencing of the Rat MCAO Cortexes Reveals Crucial circRNAs Involved in Early Stroke Events and Their Regulatory Networks. 大鼠MCAO皮质的深度测序揭示了参与早期卒中事件及其调控网络的关键环状rna。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-11-24 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9942537
Chengtan Wang, Yuying Yang, Mengsi Xu, Fuxiu Mao, Peng Yang, Shan Yuan, Rui Gao, Shangquan Gan

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly enriched in the central nervous system and significantly involved in a range of brain-related physiological and pathological processes. Ischemic stroke is a complex disorder caused by multiple factors; however, whether brain-derived circRNAs participate in the complex regulatory networks involved in stroke pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we successfully constructed a cerebral ischemia-injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative analyses of poststroke cortical circRNAs were performed through deep sequencing, and RT-PCR and qRT-PCR were used for validation. Of the 24,858 circRNAs expressed in the rat cerebral cortex, 294 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex between the MCAO and sham rat groups. Cluster, GO, and KEGG analyses showed enrichments of these circRNAs and their host genes in numerous biological processes and pathways closely related to stroke. We selected 106 of the 294 circRNAs and constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network comprising 577 sponge miRNAs and 696 target mRNAs. In total, 15 key potential circRNAs were predicted to be involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of a series of downstream target genes, which are widely implicated in poststroke processes, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and nerve regeneration, through the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Thus, circRNAs appear to be involved in multilevel actions that regulate the vast network of multiple mechanisms and events that occur after a stroke. These results provide novel insights into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke.

环状rna (circRNAs)在中枢神经系统中高度富集,并显著参与一系列脑相关的生理和病理过程。缺血性脑卒中是由多种因素引起的复杂疾病;然而,脑源性环状rna是否参与卒中发病机制的复杂调控网络仍不清楚。本研究成功构建了雄性sd大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)脑缺血损伤模型。通过深度测序对脑卒中后皮层环状rna进行初步定性和定量分析,并采用RT-PCR和qRT-PCR进行验证。在大鼠大脑皮层中表达的24858个环状rna中,MCAO组和sham大鼠组同侧大脑皮层中有294个环状rna差异表达。聚类、GO和KEGG分析显示,这些环状rna及其宿主基因在许多与中风密切相关的生物过程和途径中富集。我们从294个circrna中选择了106个,构建了一个由577个海绵mirna和696个靶mrna组成的circRNA-miRNA-mRNA相互作用网络。总共有15个关键的潜在环状RNA被预测参与一系列下游靶基因的转录后调控,这些靶基因通过竞争的内源性RNA机制广泛参与脑卒中后过程,如氧化应激、细胞凋亡、炎症反应和神经再生。因此,circrna似乎参与了调节中风后发生的多种机制和事件的庞大网络的多层次行为。这些结果为中风复杂的病理生理机制提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 10
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Neural Plasticity
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