Qing Lin, Ding-Wang Hu, Xin-Hui Hao, Geng Zhang, Ling Lin
Hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury (WMI) pathogenesis in preterm infants is not well established, and iron-related proteins in the brain may play an important role in imbalanced iron metabolism. We aimed to investigate the iron-related protein changes in neonatal rats after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), clarify the role of iron-related proteins in hypoxic-ischemic WMI, and potentially provide a new target for the clinical treatment of hypoxic-ischemic WMI in preterm infants. We adopted a WMI animal model of bilateral common carotid artery electrocoagulation combined with hypoxia in neonatal 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. We observed basic myelin protein (MBP) and iron-related protein expression in the brain (ferritin, transferrin receptor [TfR], and membrane iron transporter 1 [FPN1]) via Western blot and double immunofluorescence staining. The expression of MBP in the WMI group was significantly downregulated on postoperative days (PODs) 14, 28, and 56. Ferritin levels were significantly increased on PODs 3, 7, 14, and 28 and were most significant on POD 28, returning to the sham group level on POD 56. FPN1 levels were significantly increased on PODs 7, 28, and 56 and were still higher than those in the sham group on POD 56. TfR expression was significantly upregulated on PODs 1, 7, and 28 and returned to the sham group level on POD 56. Immunofluorescence staining showed that ferritin, TfR, and FPN1 were expressed in neurons, blood vessels, and oligodendrocytes in the cortex and corpus callosum on POD 28. Compared with the sham group, the immune-positive markers of three proteins in the WMI group were significantly increased. The expression of iron-related proteins in the brain (ferritin, FPN1, and TfR) showed spatiotemporal dynamic changes and may play an important role in hypoxic-ischemic WMI.
{"title":"Effect of Hypoxia-Ischemia on the Expression of Iron-Related Proteins in Neonatal Rat Brains.","authors":"Qing Lin, Ding-Wang Hu, Xin-Hui Hao, Geng Zhang, Ling Lin","doi":"10.1155/2023/4226139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4226139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury (WMI) pathogenesis in preterm infants is not well established, and iron-related proteins in the brain may play an important role in imbalanced iron metabolism. We aimed to investigate the iron-related protein changes in neonatal rats after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), clarify the role of iron-related proteins in hypoxic-ischemic WMI, and potentially provide a new target for the clinical treatment of hypoxic-ischemic WMI in preterm infants. We adopted a WMI animal model of bilateral common carotid artery electrocoagulation combined with hypoxia in neonatal 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. We observed basic myelin protein (MBP) and iron-related protein expression in the brain (ferritin, transferrin receptor [TfR], and membrane iron transporter 1 [FPN1]) via Western blot and double immunofluorescence staining. The expression of MBP in the WMI group was significantly downregulated on postoperative days (PODs) 14, 28, and 56. Ferritin levels were significantly increased on PODs 3, 7, 14, and 28 and were most significant on POD 28, returning to the sham group level on POD 56. FPN1 levels were significantly increased on PODs 7, 28, and 56 and were still higher than those in the sham group on POD 56. TfR expression was significantly upregulated on PODs 1, 7, and 28 and returned to the sham group level on POD 56. Immunofluorescence staining showed that ferritin, TfR, and FPN1 were expressed in neurons, blood vessels, and oligodendrocytes in the cortex and corpus callosum on POD 28. Compared with the sham group, the immune-positive markers of three proteins in the WMI group were significantly increased. The expression of iron-related proteins in the brain (ferritin, FPN1, and TfR) showed spatiotemporal dynamic changes and may play an important role in hypoxic-ischemic WMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10139812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9416334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: There is mounting evidence to suggest that the pathophysiology of stroke is greatly influenced by the microbiota of the gut and its metabolites, in particular short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the levels of SCFAs and the gut microbiota are altered in poststroke patients and to examine the relationship between these alterations and the physical condition, intestinal health, pain, or nutritional status of patients.
Methods: Twenty stroke patients and twenty healthy controls were enrolled in the current study, and their demographics were matched. Gas chromatography was used to determine the fecal SCFAs, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate their fecal microbiota. Microbial diversity and richness were examined using the diversity indices alpha and beta, and taxonomic analysis was utilized to determine group differences. The relationships between the gut microbiome and fecal SCFAs, discriminant bacteria, and poststroke clinical outcomes were analyzed.
Results: Less community richness (ACE and Chao) was observed in the poststroke patients (P < 0.05), but the differences between the poststroke group and the healthy control group in terms of species diversity (Shannon and Simpson) were not statistically significant. The makeup of the poststroke gut microbiota was distinct from that of the control group, as evidenced by beta diversity. Then, the relative abundances of the taxa in the poststroke and control groups were compared in order to identify the specific microbiota changes. At the level of phylum, the poststroke subjects showed a significant increase in the relative abundances of Akkermansiaceae, Fusobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, Ruminococcaceae, and Oscillospirales and a particularly noticeable decrease in the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota compared to the control subjects (P < 0.05). In regard to SCFA concentrations, lower levels of fecal acetic acid (P = 0.001) and propionic acid (P = 0.049) were found in poststroke subjects. Agathobacter was highly correlated with acetic acid level (r = 0.473, P = 0.002), whereas Fusobacteria (r = -0.371, P = 0.018), Flavonifractor (r = -0.334, P = 0.034), Desulfovibrio (r = -0.362, P = 0.018), and Akkermansia (r = -0.321, P = 0.043) were negatively related to acetic acid levels. Additionally, the findings of the correlation analysis revealed that Akkermansia (r = -0.356, P = 0.024), Desulfovibrio (r = -0.316, P = 0.047), and Alloprevotella (r = -0.366, P = 0.020) were significantly negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction score (r = 0.495, P = 0.026), Barthe
目的:越来越多的证据表明,中风的病理生理在很大程度上受肠道微生物群及其代谢物,特别是短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的影响。该研究的主要目的是评估中风后患者的SCFAs水平和肠道微生物群是否发生改变,并检查这些改变与患者的身体状况、肠道健康、疼痛或营养状况之间的关系。方法:将20例脑卒中患者和20例健康对照纳入本研究,并进行人口统计学匹配。采用气相色谱法测定粪便SCFAs,采用16S rRNA基因测序法评价其粪便微生物群。利用多样性指数alpha和beta测定微生物多样性和丰富度,并利用分类学分析确定类群差异。分析肠道微生物组与粪便SCFAs、鉴别细菌和脑卒中后临床结局之间的关系。结果:脑卒中后患者群落丰富度(ACE和Chao)低于正常对照组(P < 0.05),但物种多样性(Shannon和Simpson)与正常对照组差异无统计学意义。中风后肠道微生物群的组成与对照组不同,贝塔多样性证明了这一点。然后,比较脑卒中后和对照组的相对丰度,以确定具体的微生物群变化。在门水平上,卒中后受试者Akkermansiaceae、Fusobacteriota、Desulfobacterota、Ruminococcaceae和Oscillospirales的相对丰度显著高于对照组,而Acidobacteriota的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)。在SCFA浓度方面,卒中后受试者的粪便乙酸(P = 0.001)和丙酸(P = 0.049)水平较低。无水杆菌与乙酸水平呈高度相关(r = 0.473, P = 0.002),梭杆菌(r = -0.371, P = 0.018)、黄酮因子(r = -0.334, P = 0.034)、脱硫弧菌(r = -0.362, P = 0.018)、Akkermansia (r = -0.321, P = 0.043)与乙酸水平呈负相关(r = -0.321, P = 0.043)。相关性分析结果显示,Akkermansia (r = -0.356, P = 0.024)、Desulfovibrio (r = -0.316, P = 0.047)、Alloprevotella (r = -0.366, P = 0.020)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈显著负相关。此外,神经源性肠功能障碍评分(r = 0.495, P = 0.026)、Barthel指数(r = -0.531, P = 0.015)、Fugl-Meyer评估评分(r = -0.565, P = 0.009)、视觉模拟量表评分(r = 0.605, P = 0.005)和短暂疼痛量表评分(r = 0.507, P = 0.023)与不同肠道菌群的改变显著相关。结论:根据我们的研究结果,中风在肠道微生物群和scfa中产生广泛而实质性的改变。脑卒中后患者肠道菌群差异及粪便SCFA水平降低与机体功能、肠道功能、疼痛或营养状况密切相关。旨在调节肠道微生物群和scfa的治疗策略可能有可能提高患者的临床结果。
{"title":"Imbalance of Microbacterial Diversity Is Associated with Functional Prognosis of Stroke.","authors":"Xintong Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Hong Zhao, Risheng Cao, Yini Dang, Binbin Yu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6297653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6297653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is mounting evidence to suggest that the pathophysiology of stroke is greatly influenced by the microbiota of the gut and its metabolites, in particular short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the levels of SCFAs and the gut microbiota are altered in poststroke patients and to examine the relationship between these alterations and the physical condition, intestinal health, pain, or nutritional status of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty stroke patients and twenty healthy controls were enrolled in the current study, and their demographics were matched. Gas chromatography was used to determine the fecal SCFAs, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate their fecal microbiota. Microbial diversity and richness were examined using the diversity indices alpha and beta, and taxonomic analysis was utilized to determine group differences. The relationships between the gut microbiome and fecal SCFAs, discriminant bacteria, and poststroke clinical outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Less community richness (ACE and Chao) was observed in the poststroke patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but the differences between the poststroke group and the healthy control group in terms of species diversity (Shannon and Simpson) were not statistically significant. The makeup of the poststroke gut microbiota was distinct from that of the control group, as evidenced by beta diversity. Then, the relative abundances of the taxa in the poststroke and control groups were compared in order to identify the specific microbiota changes. At the level of phylum, the poststroke subjects showed a significant increase in the relative abundances of <i>Akkermansiaceae</i>, <i>Fusobacteriota</i>, <i>Desulfobacterota, Ruminococcaceae</i>, and <i>Oscillospirales</i> and a particularly noticeable decrease in the relative abundance of <i>Acidobacteriota</i> compared to the control subjects (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In regard to SCFA concentrations, lower levels of fecal acetic acid (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and propionic acid (<i>P</i> = 0.049) were found in poststroke subjects. <i>Agathobacter</i> was highly correlated with acetic acid level (<i>r</i> = 0.473, <i>P</i> = 0.002), whereas <i>Fusobacteria</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.371, <i>P</i> = 0.018), <i>Flavonifractor</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.334, <i>P</i> = 0.034), <i>Desulfovibrio</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.362, <i>P</i> = 0.018), and <i>Akkermansia</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.321, <i>P</i> = 0.043) were negatively related to acetic acid levels. Additionally, the findings of the correlation analysis revealed that <i>Akkermansia</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.356, <i>P</i> = 0.024), <i>Desulfovibrio</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.316, P = 0.047), and <i>Alloprevotella</i> (<i>r</i> = -0.366, <i>P</i> = 0.020) were significantly negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction score (<i>r</i> = 0.495, <i>P</i> = 0.026), Barthe","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Neuroimaging studies have confirmed that acupuncture can promote static functional reorganization in poststroke patients with motor dysfunction. But its effect on dynamic brain networks remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating how acupuncture affected the brain's dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) after ischemic stroke.
Methods: We conducted a single-center, randomised controlled neuroimaging study in ischemic stroke patients. A total of 53 patients were randomly divided into the true acupoint treatment group (TATG) and the sham acupoint treatment group (SATG) at a ratio of 2 : 1. Clinical assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed on subjects before and after treatment. We used dFNC analysis to estimate distinct dynamic connectivity states. Then, the temporal properties and strength of functional connectivity (FC) matrix were compared within and between the two groups. The correlation analysis between dynamic characteristics and clinical scales was also calculated.
Results: All functional network connectivity (FNC) matrices were clustered into 3 connectivity states. After treatment, the TATG group showed a reduced mean dwell time and found attenuated FC between the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the frontoparietal network (FPN) in state 3, which was a sparsely connected state. The FC between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN) was higher after treatment in the TATG group in state 1, which was a relative segregated state. The SATG group preferred to increase the mean dwell time and FC within FPN in state 2, which displayed a local tightly connected state. In addition, we found that the FC value increased between DAN and right frontoparietal network (RFPN) in state 1 in the TATG group after treatment compared to the SATG group. Correlation analyses before treatment showed that the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) lower score was negatively correlated with the mean dwell time in state 3. FMA score showed positive correlation with FC in RFPN-SMN in state 3. FMA-lower score was positively correlated with FC in DAN-DMN and DAN-RFPN in state 1.
Conclusions: Acupuncture has the potential to modulate abnormal temporal properties and promote the balance of separation and integration of brain function. True acupoint stimulation may have a more positive effect on regulating the brain's dynamic function. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1800016263).
{"title":"Acupuncture Alters Brain's Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Stroke Patients with Motor Dysfunction: A Randomised Controlled Neuroimaging Trial.","authors":"Yahui Wang, Mengxin Lu, Ruoyi Liu, Liping Wang, Yue Wang, Lingling Xu, Kang Wu, Chen Chen, Tianzhu Chen, Xinyue Shi, Kuangshi Li, Yihuai Zou","doi":"10.1155/2023/8510213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8510213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neuroimaging studies have confirmed that acupuncture can promote static functional reorganization in poststroke patients with motor dysfunction. But its effect on dynamic brain networks remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating how acupuncture affected the brain's dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) after ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center, randomised controlled neuroimaging study in ischemic stroke patients. A total of 53 patients were randomly divided into the true acupoint treatment group (TATG) and the sham acupoint treatment group (SATG) at a ratio of 2 : 1. Clinical assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed on subjects before and after treatment. We used dFNC analysis to estimate distinct dynamic connectivity states. Then, the temporal properties and strength of functional connectivity (FC) matrix were compared within and between the two groups. The correlation analysis between dynamic characteristics and clinical scales was also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All functional network connectivity (FNC) matrices were clustered into 3 connectivity states. After treatment, the TATG group showed a reduced mean dwell time and found attenuated FC between the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the frontoparietal network (FPN) in state 3, which was a sparsely connected state. The FC between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN) was higher after treatment in the TATG group in state 1, which was a relative segregated state. The SATG group preferred to increase the mean dwell time and FC within FPN in state 2, which displayed a local tightly connected state. In addition, we found that the FC value increased between DAN and right frontoparietal network (RFPN) in state 1 in the TATG group after treatment compared to the SATG group. Correlation analyses before treatment showed that the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) lower score was negatively correlated with the mean dwell time in state 3. FMA score showed positive correlation with FC in RFPN-SMN in state 3. FMA-lower score was positively correlated with FC in DAN-DMN and DAN-RFPN in state 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acupuncture has the potential to modulate abnormal temporal properties and promote the balance of separation and integration of brain function. True acupoint stimulation may have a more positive effect on regulating the brain's dynamic function. <i>Clinical Trial Registration</i>. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1800016263).</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9735910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Referred somatic pain triggered by hyperalgesia is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It was reported that sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the dorsal root ganglion (DGR) and neurogenic inflammation were related to neuropathic pain, the excitability of neurons, and afferents. The purpose of the study was to explore the potential and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) for the intervention of colon inflammation and hyperalgesia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) was randomly divided into four groups, including control, model, EA, and sham-EA. Our results showed EA treatment significantly attenuated dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colorectal lesions and inflammatory cytokine secretion, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, and IL-6. EA also inhibited mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities of colitis rats. Importantly, EA effectively abrogated the promotion effect of DSS on ipsilateral lumbar 6 (L6) DRG sympathetic-sensory coupling, manifested as the sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive sympathetic fibers into sensory neurons and colocalization of and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Furthermore, EA at Zusanli (ST36) activated neurogenic inflammation, characterized by decreased expression of substance P (SP), hyaluronic acid (HA), bradykinin (BK), and prostacyclin (PGI2) in colitis rat skin tissues corresponding to the L6 DRG. Mechanically, EA treatment reduced the activation of the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways in L6 DRG of colitis rats. Taken together, we presumed that EA treatment improved colon inflammation and hyperalgesia, potentially by suppressing the sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the L6 DGR and neurogenic inflammation via deactivating the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways.
{"title":"Electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) Relieves Somatic Pain in Colitis Rats by Inhibiting Dorsal Root Ganglion Sympathetic-Sensory Coupling and Neurogenic Inflammation.","authors":"Yi-Li Wang, Hai-Yan Zhu, Xi-Qian Lv, Xing-Ying Ren, Ying-Chun Peng, Jin-Yu Qu, Xue-Fang Shen, Ran Sun, Meng-Lu Xiao, Hong Zhang, Zhao-Hui Chen, Peng Cong","doi":"10.1155/2023/9303419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9303419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Referred somatic pain triggered by hyperalgesia is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It was reported that sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the dorsal root ganglion (DGR) and neurogenic inflammation were related to neuropathic pain, the excitability of neurons, and afferents. The purpose of the study was to explore the potential and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) for the intervention of colon inflammation and hyperalgesia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) was randomly divided into four groups, including control, model, EA, and sham-EA. Our results showed EA treatment significantly attenuated dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colorectal lesions and inflammatory cytokine secretion, such as TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, PGE2, and IL-6. EA also inhibited mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities of colitis rats. Importantly, EA effectively abrogated the promotion effect of DSS on ipsilateral lumbar 6 (L6) DRG sympathetic-sensory coupling, manifested as the sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive sympathetic fibers into sensory neurons and colocalization of and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Furthermore, EA at Zusanli (ST36) activated neurogenic inflammation, characterized by decreased expression of substance P (SP), hyaluronic acid (HA), bradykinin (BK), and prostacyclin (PGI2) in colitis rat skin tissues corresponding to the L6 DRG. Mechanically, EA treatment reduced the activation of the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways in L6 DRG of colitis rats. Taken together, we presumed that EA treatment improved colon inflammation and hyperalgesia, potentially by suppressing the sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the L6 DGR and neurogenic inflammation via deactivating the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9998159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9650081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at investigating the functional connectivity (FC) changes between the insular subregions and whole brain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after 6 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment and at exploring the relationship between resting-state FC changes and cognitive impairment in OSA patients. Data from 15 patients with OSA before and after 6 months of CPAP treatment were included in this study. The FC between the insular subregions and whole brain was compared between baseline and after 6 months of CPAP treatment in OSA. After 6 months of treatment, OSA patients had increased FC from the right ventral anterior insula to the bilateral superior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus and increased FC from the left posterior insula to the left middle temporal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus. Hyperconnectivity was found from the right posterior insula to the right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, which mainly involved the default mode network. There are changes in functional connectivity patterns between the insular subregions and whole brain in OSA patients after 6 months of CPAP treatment. These changes provide a better understanding of the neuroimaging mechanisms underlying the improvement in cognitive function and emotional impairment in OSA patients and can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical CPAP treatment.
{"title":"Functional Connectivity Changes in the Insular Subregions of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea after 6 Months of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment.","authors":"Ting Long, Haijun Li, Yongqiang Shu, Kunyao Li, Wei Xie, Yaping Zeng, Ling Huang, Li Zeng, Xiang Liu, Dechang Peng","doi":"10.1155/2023/5598047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5598047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was aimed at investigating the functional connectivity (FC) changes between the insular subregions and whole brain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after 6 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment and at exploring the relationship between resting-state FC changes and cognitive impairment in OSA patients. Data from 15 patients with OSA before and after 6 months of CPAP treatment were included in this study. The FC between the insular subregions and whole brain was compared between baseline and after 6 months of CPAP treatment in OSA. After 6 months of treatment, OSA patients had increased FC from the right ventral anterior insula to the bilateral superior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus and increased FC from the left posterior insula to the left middle temporal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus. Hyperconnectivity was found from the right posterior insula to the right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, which mainly involved the default mode network. There are changes in functional connectivity patterns between the insular subregions and whole brain in OSA patients after 6 months of CPAP treatment. These changes provide a better understanding of the neuroimaging mechanisms underlying the improvement in cognitive function and emotional impairment in OSA patients and can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical CPAP treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9273912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingyuan Wu, Shida Guo, Xiuqin Jia, Zuojun Geng, Qi Yang
Background: The disruption of white matter (WM) integrity is related to poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The exploration of WM integrity alterations in the chronic stage of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may help to improve the long-term outcomes of PSCI.
Methods: Sixty patients showing impaired cognitive functions within 3 days after AIS (baseline) and 25 healthy controls underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging scan and cognitive assessment at baseline and 1 year. Based on the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) and mean kurtosis (MK) were compared in WM tracts between the groups.
Results: One year after AIS, 25 patients were diagnosed with PSCI and 35 patients with non-cognitive impairment (NCI). Compared with baseline, cognitive performance improved in 54 patients and remained unchanged in 6 patients at 1 year. TBSS analysis showed that there were no significant differences in WM tract integrity between the AIS and control groups at baseline (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the KFA and MK in multiple WM tracts in the AIS group decreased significantly at 1 year (P < 0.05). Longitudinal analysis showed that the KFA and MK of multiple WM tracts recorded at 1 year were significantly lower than those recorded at baseline in the AIS, PSCI, and NCI groups (P < 0.05), and PSCI group had a faster degeneration than NCI group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The finding suggests that the patients with baseline impaired cognitive functions still have WM microstructural damages at 1 year poststroke, even if their cognitive function has improved or returned to normal. Cautions should be taken against the possible negative impact of these changes on long-term cognition.
{"title":"White Matter Microstructural Alterations over the Year after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Baseline Impaired Cognitive Functions.","authors":"Bingyuan Wu, Shida Guo, Xiuqin Jia, Zuojun Geng, Qi Yang","doi":"10.1155/2023/6762225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6762225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The disruption of white matter (WM) integrity is related to poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The exploration of WM integrity alterations in the chronic stage of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may help to improve the long-term outcomes of PSCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients showing impaired cognitive functions within 3 days after AIS (baseline) and 25 healthy controls underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging scan and cognitive assessment at baseline and 1 year. Based on the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) and mean kurtosis (MK) were compared in WM tracts between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One year after AIS, 25 patients were diagnosed with PSCI and 35 patients with non-cognitive impairment (NCI). Compared with baseline, cognitive performance improved in 54 patients and remained unchanged in 6 patients at 1 year. TBSS analysis showed that there were no significant differences in WM tract integrity between the AIS and control groups at baseline (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the KFA and MK in multiple WM tracts in the AIS group decreased significantly at 1 year (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Longitudinal analysis showed that the KFA and MK of multiple WM tracts recorded at 1 year were significantly lower than those recorded at baseline in the AIS, PSCI, and NCI groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and PSCI group had a faster degeneration than NCI group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finding suggests that the patients with baseline impaired cognitive functions still have WM microstructural damages at 1 year poststroke, even if their cognitive function has improved or returned to normal. Cautions should be taken against the possible negative impact of these changes on long-term cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10348854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During growth and aging, the role of the hippocampus in memory depends on its interactions with related brain regions. Particularly, two subregions, anterior hippocampus (aHipp) and posterior hippocampus (pHipp), play different and critical roles in memory processing. However, age-related changes of hippocampus subregions on structure and function are still unclear. Here, we investigated age-related structural and functional characteristics of 106 participants (7-85 years old) in resting state based on fractional anisotropy (FA) and functional connectivity (FC) in aHipp and pHipp in the lifespan. The correlation between FA and FC was also explored to identify the coupling. Furthermore, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) was used to explore the relationship between cognitive ability and hippocampal changes. Results showed that there was functional separation and integration in aHipp and pHipp, and the number of functional connections in pHipp was more than that in aHipp across the lifespan. The age-related FC changes showed four different trends (U-shaped/inverted U-shaped/linear upward/linear downward). And around the age of 40 was a critical period for transformation. Then, FA analyses indicated that all effects of age on the hippocampal structures were nonlinear, and the white matter integrity of pHipp was higher than that of aHipp. In the functional-structural coupling, we found that the age-related FA of the right aHipp (aHipp.R) was negatively related to the FC. Finally, through the WASI, we found that the age-related FA of the left aHipp (aHipp.L) was positively correlated with verbal IQ (VERB) and vocabulary comprehension (VOCAB.T), the FA of aHipp.R was only positively correlated with VERB, and the FA of the left pHipp (pHipp.L) was only positively correlated with VOCAB.T. These FC and FA results supported that age-related normal memory changes were closely related to the hippocampus subregions. We also provided empirical evidence that memory ability was altered with the hippocampus, and its efficiency tended to decline after age 40.
{"title":"Alterations in Human Hippocampus Subregions across the Lifespan: Reflections on White Matter Structure and Functional Connectivity.","authors":"Jianling Tan, Zhongyan Wang, Yi Tang, Yin Tian","doi":"10.1155/2023/7948140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7948140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During growth and aging, the role of the hippocampus in memory depends on its interactions with related brain regions. Particularly, two subregions, anterior hippocampus (aHipp) and posterior hippocampus (pHipp), play different and critical roles in memory processing. However, age-related changes of hippocampus subregions on structure and function are still unclear. Here, we investigated age-related structural and functional characteristics of 106 participants (7-85 years old) in resting state based on fractional anisotropy (FA) and functional connectivity (FC) in aHipp and pHipp in the lifespan. The correlation between FA and FC was also explored to identify the coupling. Furthermore, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) was used to explore the relationship between cognitive ability and hippocampal changes. Results showed that there was functional separation and integration in aHipp and pHipp, and the number of functional connections in pHipp was more than that in aHipp across the lifespan. The age-related FC changes showed four different trends (U-shaped/inverted U-shaped/linear upward/linear downward). And around the age of 40 was a critical period for transformation. Then, FA analyses indicated that all effects of age on the hippocampal structures were nonlinear, and the white matter integrity of pHipp was higher than that of aHipp. In the functional-structural coupling, we found that the age-related FA of the right aHipp (aHipp.R) was negatively related to the FC. Finally, through the WASI, we found that the age-related FA of the left aHipp (aHipp.L) was positively correlated with verbal IQ (VERB) and vocabulary comprehension (VOCAB.T), the FA of aHipp.R was only positively correlated with VERB, and the FA of the left pHipp (pHipp.L) was only positively correlated with VOCAB.T. These FC and FA results supported that age-related normal memory changes were closely related to the hippocampus subregions. We also provided empirical evidence that memory ability was altered with the hippocampus, and its efficiency tended to decline after age 40.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Duan, Wenying Liu, Jinhui Yang, Ben Huang, Jie Shen
Methods: A pilot double-blind and randomized clinical trial. Ninety-one subjects with subacute stroke were treated with cathodal/sham stimulation tDCS based on CGR (physiotherapy 40 min/d and occupational therapy 20 min/d) once daily for 20 consecutive working days. Computer-based stratified randomization (1 : 1) was employed by considering age and sex, with concealed assignments in opaque envelopes to ensure no allocation errors after disclosure at the study's end. Patients were evaluated at T0 before treatment, T1 immediately after the posttreatment assessment, and T2 assessment one month after the end of the treatment. The primary outcome index was assessed: lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor score (FMA-LE); secondary endpoints were other gait assessment and relevant stroke scale assessment.
Results: Patients in the trial group performed significantly better than the control group in all primary outcome indicators assessed posttreatment T1 and at follow-up T2: FMA-LE outcome indicators between the two groups in T1 (P = 0.032; effect size 1.00, 95% CI: 0.00 to 2.00) and FMA-LE outcome indicators between the two groups in T2 (P = 0.010; effect size 2.00, 95% CI: 1.00 to 3.00).
Conclusion: In the current pilot study, ctDCS plus CGR was an effective treatment modality to improve lower limb motor function with subacute stroke. The effectiveness of cathodal tDCS in poststroke lower limb motor dysfunction is inconclusive. Therefore, a large randomized controlled trial is needed to verify its effectiveness.
{"title":"Effect of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Lower Limb Subacute Stroke Rehabilitation.","authors":"Qian Duan, Wenying Liu, Jinhui Yang, Ben Huang, Jie Shen","doi":"10.1155/2023/1863686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1863686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot double-blind and randomized clinical trial. Ninety-one subjects with subacute stroke were treated with cathodal/sham stimulation tDCS based on CGR (physiotherapy 40 min/d and occupational therapy 20 min/d) once daily for 20 consecutive working days. Computer-based stratified randomization (1 : 1) was employed by considering age and sex, with concealed assignments in opaque envelopes to ensure no allocation errors after disclosure at the study's end. Patients were evaluated at T0 before treatment, T1 immediately after the posttreatment assessment, and T2 assessment one month after the end of the treatment. The primary outcome index was assessed: lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor score (FMA-LE); secondary endpoints were other gait assessment and relevant stroke scale assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the trial group performed significantly better than the control group in all primary outcome indicators assessed posttreatment T1 and at follow-up T2: FMA-LE outcome indicators between the two groups in T1 (<i>P</i> = 0.032; effect size 1.00, 95% CI: 0.00 to 2.00) and FMA-LE outcome indicators between the two groups in T2 (<i>P</i> = 0.010; effect size 2.00, 95% CI: 1.00 to 3.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the current pilot study, ctDCS plus CGR was an effective treatment modality to improve lower limb motor function with subacute stroke. The effectiveness of cathodal tDCS in poststroke lower limb motor dysfunction is inconclusive. Therefore, a large randomized controlled trial is needed to verify its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9682801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This evidence mapping is aimed at identifying, summarizing, and analyzing the available evidence on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for neuropathic pain (NP).
Methods: This study was conducted following the methodology of Global Evidence Mapping (GEM). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO to identify systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analysis published before February 15, 2022. The authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the included SRs using AMSTAR-2. The results were presented in the tables and a bubble plot based on the identified population-intervention-comparison-outcome (PICO) questions.
Results: A total of 34 SRs met the eligibility criteria. According to the AMSTAR-2, 2 SRs were rated "high," 2 SRs were rated "moderate," 6 SRs were rated "low," and 24 SRs were rated "critically low." The most common study design utilized to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for NP was the randomized controlled trial. In total, 24 PICOs were identified. Migraine was the most studied population. CBT for NP usually reaches the "potentially better" result at follow-up.
Conclusions: Evidence mapping is a useful way to present existing evidence. Currently, the existing evidence on CBT for NP is limited. Overall, the methodological quality of the included SRs was low. Further improvements in the methodological quality of SRs and more research on the most efficient CBT formats for NP are recommended in the future.
{"title":"Evidence Mapping Based on Systematic Reviews of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Neuropathic Pain.","authors":"Conghui Li, Weiqian Hou, Dongfang Ding, Yujie Yang, Shanshan Gu, Yi Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2023/2680620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2680620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This evidence mapping is aimed at identifying, summarizing, and analyzing the available evidence on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for neuropathic pain (NP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted following the methodology of Global Evidence Mapping (GEM). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO to identify systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analysis published before February 15, 2022. The authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the included SRs using AMSTAR-2. The results were presented in the tables and a bubble plot based on the identified population-intervention-comparison-outcome (PICO) questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34 SRs met the eligibility criteria. According to the AMSTAR-2, 2 SRs were rated \"high,\" 2 SRs were rated \"moderate,\" 6 SRs were rated \"low,\" and 24 SRs were rated \"critically low.\" The most common study design utilized to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for NP was the randomized controlled trial. In total, 24 PICOs were identified. Migraine was the most studied population. CBT for NP usually reaches the \"potentially better\" result at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence mapping is a useful way to present existing evidence. Currently, the existing evidence on CBT for NP is limited. Overall, the methodological quality of the included SRs was low. Further improvements in the methodological quality of SRs and more research on the most efficient CBT formats for NP are recommended in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10041341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9282454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-23 and miR-27a have been reportedly involved in regulating myelination in the central nervous system. Although miR-23 and miR-27a form clusters in vivo and the clustered miRNAs are known to perform complementary functions, the role of these miRNA clusters in myelination has not been studied. To investigate the role of miR-23-27-24 clusters in myelination, we generated miR-23-27-24 cluster knockout mice and evaluated myelination in the brain and spinal cord. Our results showed that 10-week-old knockout mice had reduced motor function in the hanging wire test compared to the wild-type mice. At 4 weeks, 10 weeks, and 12 months of age, knockout mice showed reduced myelination compared to wild-type mice. The expression levels of myelin basic protein and myelin proteolipid protein were also significantly lower in the knockout mice compared to the wild-type mice. Although differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes was not inhibited in the knockout mice, the percentage of oligodendrocytes expressing myelin basic protein was significantly lower in 4-week-old knockout mice than that in wild-type mice. Proteome analysis and western blotting showed increased expression of leucine-zipper-like transcription regulator 1 (LZTR1) and decreased expression of R-RAS and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in the knockout mice. In summary, loss of miR-23-27-24 clusters reduces myelination and compromises motor functions in mice. Further, LZTR1, which regulates R-RAS upstream of the ERK1/2 pathway, a signal that promotes myelination, has been identified as a novel target of the miR-23-27-24 cluster in this study.
{"title":"Deficiency of MicroRNA-23-27-24 Clusters Exhibits the Impairment of Myelination in the Central Nervous System.","authors":"Yuji Tsuchikawa, Naosuke Kamei, Yohei Sanada, Toshio Nakamae, Takahiro Harada, Kazunori Imaizumi, Takayuki Akimoto, Shigeru Miyaki, Nobuo Adachi","doi":"10.1155/2023/8938674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8938674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-23 and miR-27a have been reportedly involved in regulating myelination in the central nervous system. Although miR-23 and miR-27a form clusters <i>in vivo</i> and the clustered miRNAs are known to perform complementary functions, the role of these miRNA clusters in myelination has not been studied. To investigate the role of miR-23-27-24 clusters in myelination, we generated miR-23-27-24 cluster knockout mice and evaluated myelination in the brain and spinal cord. Our results showed that 10-week-old knockout mice had reduced motor function in the hanging wire test compared to the wild-type mice. At 4 weeks, 10 weeks, and 12 months of age, knockout mice showed reduced myelination compared to wild-type mice. The expression levels of myelin basic protein and myelin proteolipid protein were also significantly lower in the knockout mice compared to the wild-type mice. Although differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes was not inhibited in the knockout mice, the percentage of oligodendrocytes expressing myelin basic protein was significantly lower in 4-week-old knockout mice than that in wild-type mice. Proteome analysis and western blotting showed increased expression of leucine-zipper-like transcription regulator 1 (LZTR1) and decreased expression of R-RAS and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in the knockout mice. In summary, loss of miR-23-27-24 clusters reduces myelination and compromises motor functions in mice. Further, LZTR1, which regulates R-RAS upstream of the ERK1/2 pathway, a signal that promotes myelination, has been identified as a novel target of the miR-23-27-24 cluster in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10016300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}