Objective: The study presented focuses on the creation of a machine learning (ML) model that uses electrophysiological (EEG) data to identify kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from healthy controls. The EEG signals are acquired during cognitive tasks to distinguish children with ADHD from their counterparts.
Methodology: The EEG data recorded in cognitive exercises was filtered using low pass Bessel filter and notch filters to remove artifacts, by the data set owners. To identify unique EEG patterns, we used many well-known classifiers, including Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest, Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), to identify distinct EEG patterns. Input features comprised EEG data from nineteen channels, individually and in combination.
Findings: Study indicates that EEG-based categorization can differentiate between individuals with ADHD and healthy individuals with accuracy of 84%. The RF classifier achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.84 when particular region combinations were used. Evaluation of classification performance utilizing hemisphere-specific EEG data yielded promising outcomes, particularly in the right hemisphere channels.
Novelty: The study goes beyond traditional methodologies by investigating the effect of regional data on categorization results. The contributions of various brain regions to these classifications are being extensively researched. Understanding the role of different brain regions in ADHD can lead to better diagnosis and treatment options for individuals with ADHD. The study of categorization ability, utilizing EEG data specific to each hemisphere, particularly channels in the right hemisphere region, provides further granularity to the findings.
{"title":"Contributions of brain regions to machine learning-based classifications of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) utilizing EEG signals.","authors":"Manjusha Deshmukh, Mahi Khemchandani, Paramjit Mahesh Thakur","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2368655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2368655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study presented focuses on the creation of a machine learning (ML) model that uses electrophysiological (EEG) data to identify kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from healthy controls. The EEG signals are acquired during cognitive tasks to distinguish children with ADHD from their counterparts.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The EEG data recorded in cognitive exercises was filtered using low pass Bessel filter and notch filters to remove artifacts, by the data set owners. To identify unique EEG patterns, we used many well-known classifiers, including Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest, Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), to identify distinct EEG patterns. Input features comprised EEG data from nineteen channels, individually and in combination.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Study indicates that EEG-based categorization can differentiate between individuals with ADHD and healthy individuals with accuracy of 84%. The RF classifier achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.84 when particular region combinations were used. Evaluation of classification performance utilizing hemisphere-specific EEG data yielded promising outcomes, particularly in the right hemisphere channels.</p><p><strong>Novelty: </strong>The study goes beyond traditional methodologies by investigating the effect of regional data on categorization results. The contributions of various brain regions to these classifications are being extensively researched. Understanding the role of different brain regions in ADHD can lead to better diagnosis and treatment options for individuals with ADHD. The study of categorization ability, utilizing EEG data specific to each hemisphere, particularly channels in the right hemisphere region, provides further granularity to the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of virtual, mixed, and augmented reality technologies in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology represents a transformative frontier. In this Commentary, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that explored the impact of Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Augmented Reality (AR) on cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. Our review highlights the versatile applications of VR, ranging from spatial cognition assessments to rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury. We found that MR and AR offer innovative avenues for cognitive training, particularly in memory-related disorders. The applications extend to addressing social cognition disorders and serving as therapeutic interventions for mental health issues. Collaborative efforts between neuroscientists and technology developers are crucial, with reinforcement learning and neuroimaging studies enhancing the potential for improved outcomes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, privacy, and accessibility, demand careful attention. Our review identified common aspects of the meta-analysis, including the potential of VR technologies in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, the use of MR and AR in memory research, and the role of VR in neurorehabilitation and therapy.
虚拟现实、混合现实和增强现实技术与认知神经科学和神经心理学的结合代表了一个变革性的前沿领域。在本评论中,我们对探讨虚拟现实(VR)、混合现实(MR)和增强现实(AR)对认知神经科学和神经心理学影响的研究进行了荟萃分析。我们的综述强调了 VR 的广泛应用,从空间认知评估到创伤性脑损伤的康复治疗。我们发现,磁共振和增强现实技术为认知训练,尤其是记忆相关疾病的认知训练提供了创新途径。其应用范围还可扩展到解决社会认知障碍和作为心理健康问题的治疗干预措施。神经科学家和技术开发人员之间的合作至关重要,强化学习和神经成像研究可提高改善结果的潜力。伦理方面的考虑,包括知情同意、隐私和可及性,都需要认真对待。我们的综述确定了荟萃分析的共同点,包括 VR 技术在认知神经科学和神经心理学中的潜力、MR 和 AR 在记忆研究中的应用以及 VR 在神经康复和治疗中的作用。
{"title":"Virtual, mixed, and augmented realities: A commentary on their significance in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology.","authors":"Obed Okwoli Apochi, Micheal Damilare Olusanya, Momoh Wesley, Saudat Idris Musa, Olowooje Ayomide Peter, Aishat Adenike Adebayo, Deborah Olaitan Komolafe","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2365870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2365870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of virtual, mixed, and augmented reality technologies in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology represents a transformative frontier. In this Commentary, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that explored the impact of Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Augmented Reality (AR) on cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. Our review highlights the versatile applications of VR, ranging from spatial cognition assessments to rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury. We found that MR and AR offer innovative avenues for cognitive training, particularly in memory-related disorders. The applications extend to addressing social cognition disorders and serving as therapeutic interventions for mental health issues. Collaborative efforts between neuroscientists and technology developers are crucial, with reinforcement learning and neuroimaging studies enhancing the potential for improved outcomes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, privacy, and accessibility, demand careful attention. Our review identified common aspects of the meta-analysis, including the potential of VR technologies in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, the use of MR and AR in memory research, and the role of VR in neurorehabilitation and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory impairment imposes a great burden on stroke patients and can be divided into Objective Memory Problems (OMPs) and Subjective Memory Complaints (SMCs). Studies have shown that these do not always co-occur. Possibly, the gap between SMCs and OMPs can be bridged when using a more ecologically valid memory test and considering the impact of other common stroke symptoms such as sensory hypersensitivity (SHS) and fatigue. In the present study, we applied Virtual Reality (VR) to create a sensory-rich environment with real-life stimuli. Memory performance was tested with the 15-Verbal Word Learning Test (VLT). Furthermore, we assessed SMCs (Everyday Memory Questionnaire), and the levels of SHS (Multi-Modal Evaluation of Sensory Sensitivity) and fatigue in the previous month. 31 chronic stroke patients and 32 healthy controls participated. The results showed that participants' memory performance decreased in a sensory-rich compared to a neutral environment. This decrease did not significantly differ between the groups. Interestingly, fatigue and SHS are related to the level of SMC in stroke patients but no such evidence was found in healthy controls. Last, for stroke patients, we found a significant negative correlation between SMCs and memory performance in a sensory-rich environment, but not in a neutral environment. In conclusion, our study implicates that in stroke patients, fatigue and SHS are related to SMCs and that using a sensory-rich VR environment might be a more ecologically valid way to objectify SMCs. However, interpretative caution is warranted due to the absence of sex and age-matched controls and potential selection bias.
{"title":"Objectifying subjective memory complaints: VR-based Verbal Word Learning Test in chronic stroke patients.","authors":"Jill Kerckhoffs, Marilien Claire Marzolla, Danai Lytrokapi, Cyrella Wendker, Hella Thielen, Céline R Gillebert, Ieke Winkens, Arjan Blokland","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2366514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2366514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory impairment imposes a great burden on stroke patients and can be divided into Objective Memory Problems (OMPs) and Subjective Memory Complaints (SMCs). Studies have shown that these do not always co-occur. Possibly, the gap between SMCs and OMPs can be bridged when using a more ecologically valid memory test and considering the impact of other common stroke symptoms such as sensory hypersensitivity (SHS) and fatigue. In the present study, we applied Virtual Reality (VR) to create a sensory-rich environment with real-life stimuli. Memory performance was tested with the 15-Verbal Word Learning Test (VLT). Furthermore, we assessed SMCs (Everyday Memory Questionnaire), and the levels of SHS (Multi-Modal Evaluation of Sensory Sensitivity) and fatigue in the previous month. 31 chronic stroke patients and 32 healthy controls participated. The results showed that participants' memory performance decreased in a sensory-rich compared to a neutral environment. This decrease did not significantly differ between the groups. Interestingly, fatigue and SHS are related to the level of SMC in stroke patients but no such evidence was found in healthy controls. Last, for stroke patients, we found a significant negative correlation between SMCs and memory performance in a sensory-rich environment, but not in a neutral environment. In conclusion, our study implicates that in stroke patients, fatigue and SHS are related to SMCs and that using a sensory-rich VR environment might be a more ecologically valid way to objectify SMCs. However, interpretative caution is warranted due to the absence of sex and age-matched controls and potential selection bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2360123
Toru Takekawa, Shu Watanabe, Naoki Yamada, Masahiro Abo
In Japan, the diagnostic criteria for the higher brain dysfunction (HBD) emerged in 2005 in response to social needs for support for the patients and their families. The issue of cognitive dysfunction after brain trauma is not unique to Japan. The purpose of this study was to reveal the current status of family members of HBD patients from their perspective, focusing on the changes before and after the establishment of diagnostic criteria in Japan. We conducted a questionnaire survey for family members supporting the HBD patients. The questionnaire included the causative condition, explanation on HBD by health professionals, and problems/difficulties they encountered. This research involved family members of 278 HBD cases (males = 211, age 49 years). The major underlying cause was head injury (n = 139). Compared to patients diagnosed pre-2005, a significantly larger proportion of family members after 2005 received information on the condition during the acute phase (within one month) (p < 0.001), including that from physicians (p < 0.001). Nearly half of the families cited a lack of awareness of HBD among the professionals as a problem. In Japan, awareness of HBD in the society is gradually increasing especially after the current diagnostic criteria were implemented, and there has been a steady increase over time in early diagnosis. Yet, there still remain those not appropriately diagnosed. To salvage those patients and the families left behind, we are suggesting several recommendations to further augment clinical practice and the healthcare systems in Japan.
{"title":"Survey on diagnosis of post-brain injury \"higher brain dysfunction\" in patients with cognitive impairment. Family/caregiver response.","authors":"Toru Takekawa, Shu Watanabe, Naoki Yamada, Masahiro Abo","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2360123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2360123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, the diagnostic criteria for the higher brain dysfunction (HBD) emerged in 2005 in response to social needs for support for the patients and their families. The issue of cognitive dysfunction after brain trauma is not unique to Japan. The purpose of this study was to reveal the current status of family members of HBD patients from their perspective, focusing on the changes before and after the establishment of diagnostic criteria in Japan. We conducted a questionnaire survey for family members supporting the HBD patients. The questionnaire included the causative condition, explanation on HBD by health professionals, and problems/difficulties they encountered. This research involved family members of 278 HBD cases (males = 211, age 49 years). The major underlying cause was head injury (<i>n</i> = 139). Compared to patients diagnosed pre-2005, a significantly larger proportion of family members after 2005 received information on the condition during the acute phase (within one month) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), including that from physicians (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Nearly half of the families cited a lack of awareness of HBD among the professionals as a problem. In Japan, awareness of HBD in the society is gradually increasing especially after the current diagnostic criteria were implemented, and there has been a steady increase over time in early diagnosis. Yet, there still remain those not appropriately diagnosed. To salvage those patients and the families left behind, we are suggesting several recommendations to further augment clinical practice and the healthcare systems in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2367108
Jandirlly Julianna de Souza Souto, Milena Edite Casé de Oliveira, Gabriella Medeiros Silva, José Marcos Nascimento de Sousa, Carlúcia Ithamar Fernandes Franco, Natanael Antonio Dos Santos
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but therapeutic options such as neuromodulation continue to show variable effects, making clinical management of the disease difficult. This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed to analyze the isolated effect of cortical modulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) compared to sham stimulation on cognitive changes in people with Parkinson's disease. The databases used were: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane. The results showed that tDCS can influence the improvement of cognition in PD (Inverse Variance:0.24 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.09 to -0.40], p < 0.00). The meta-analysis showed that active tDCS can influence cognitive function by improving aspects related to memory (Inverse Variance:0.34 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.07 to 0.61], p < 0.01) and reducing reaction time in cognitive tasks (Inverse Variance:0.42 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.07 to 0.76], p < 0.02). Innovative meta-regression analyses showed that variables such as age (Q = 2.54, df = 1, p < 0.11), education level (Q = 2.62, df = 1, p < 0.10), disease duration (Q = 0.01, df = 1, p < 0.92), and Unified PD Rating Scale stage (Q = 0.01, df = 1, p < 0.92) did not influence the results. Thus, tDCS may be a therapeutic option for cognitive changes in people with PD, and we suggest further studies to identify protocols that can be replicated.
帕金森病是第二大最常见的神经退行性疾病,但神经调节等治疗方案的效果仍然参差不齐,给疾病的临床治疗带来了困难。本系统综述采用荟萃分析和荟萃回归的方法,旨在分析经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)与假刺激相比对帕金森病患者认知变化的单独影响。使用的数据库包括Web of Science、Scopus、PsycINFO、PubMed 和 Cochrane。结果表明,tDCS 可影响帕金森病患者认知能力的改善(逆方差:0.24 [95% 置信区间:0.09 至 -0.40],P P P P P P P
{"title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease, a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.","authors":"Jandirlly Julianna de Souza Souto, Milena Edite Casé de Oliveira, Gabriella Medeiros Silva, José Marcos Nascimento de Sousa, Carlúcia Ithamar Fernandes Franco, Natanael Antonio Dos Santos","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2367108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2367108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but therapeutic options such as neuromodulation continue to show variable effects, making clinical management of the disease difficult. This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed to analyze the isolated effect of cortical modulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) compared to sham stimulation on cognitive changes in people with Parkinson's disease. The databases used were: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane. The results showed that tDCS can influence the improvement of cognition in PD (Inverse Variance:0.24 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.09 to -0.40], <i>p</i> < 0.00). The meta-analysis showed that active tDCS can influence cognitive function by improving aspects related to memory (Inverse Variance:0.34 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.07 to 0.61], <i>p</i> < 0.01) and reducing reaction time in cognitive tasks (Inverse Variance:0.42 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.07 to 0.76], <i>p</i> < 0.02). Innovative meta-regression analyses showed that variables such as age (Q = 2.54, df = 1, <i>p</i> < 0.11), education level (Q = 2.62, df = 1, <i>p</i> < 0.10), disease duration (Q = 0.01, df = 1, <i>p</i> < 0.92), and Unified PD Rating Scale stage (Q = 0.01, df = 1, <i>p</i> < 0.92) did not influence the results. Thus, tDCS may be a therapeutic option for cognitive changes in people with PD, and we suggest further studies to identify protocols that can be replicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2369656
Shayne S-H Lin, Trent M Guess, Jamie B Hall, Jacob Thomas, Andrew Kiselica
Motor assessment has emerged as complementary evidence for the detection of late life cognitive disorders. Clinicians lack inexpensive, accurate, and portable tools for this purpose. To fill this void, the current study piloted measures from the Mizzou Point-of-care Assessment System a multimodal sensor platform. We examined the ability of these motor function measures to distinguish neurocognitive status and assessed their associations with cognitive performance. Data came from 42 older adults, including 16 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Participants performed dual task gait, pairing walking with serial subtraction by sevens, along with aa neuropsychological test battery. T-tests revealed that individuals with MCI demonstrated slower stride times (d = .55) and shorter stride lengths (d = .98) compared to healthy older adults. Results from hierarchical regression showed that stride time and stride length predicted cognitive performance across several domains, after controlling for cognitive status and demographics. Cognitive status moderated this relationship for global cognition and attention, wherein gait measures were significantly related to these outcomes for the cognitively normal group, but not the MCI group. Evidence from the current study provided preliminary support that MPASS measures demonstrate expected associations with cognitive performance and can distinguish amongst those with and without cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Association of dual task gait performance with cognitive outcomes among older adults: Piloting an inexpensive, portable assessment platform.","authors":"Shayne S-H Lin, Trent M Guess, Jamie B Hall, Jacob Thomas, Andrew Kiselica","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2369656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2369656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor assessment has emerged as complementary evidence for the detection of late life cognitive disorders. Clinicians lack inexpensive, accurate, and portable tools for this purpose. To fill this void, the current study piloted measures from the Mizzou Point-of-care Assessment System a multimodal sensor platform. We examined the ability of these motor function measures to distinguish neurocognitive status and assessed their associations with cognitive performance. Data came from 42 older adults, including 16 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Participants performed dual task gait, pairing walking with serial subtraction by sevens, along with aa neuropsychological test battery. <i>T</i>-tests revealed that individuals with MCI demonstrated slower stride times (<i>d</i> = .55) and shorter stride lengths (<i>d</i> = .98) compared to healthy older adults. Results from hierarchical regression showed that stride time and stride length predicted cognitive performance across several domains, after controlling for cognitive status and demographics. Cognitive status moderated this relationship for global cognition and attention, wherein gait measures were significantly related to these outcomes for the cognitively normal group, but not the MCI group. Evidence from the current study provided preliminary support that MPASS measures demonstrate expected associations with cognitive performance and can distinguish amongst those with and without cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2367102
Emin Altintas, Marion Luyat, Karim Gallouj, Gizem Hülür, Mohamad El Haj
Objectives: This study examined the role of caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment in burden of family caregivers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that the evaluation of cognitive impairment by family caregivers plays a pivotal role in burden.
Methods: The study included 110 dyads (person with AD and their caregiver) recruited from a Memory Unit in France. The cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms of person with AD were evaluated by a geriatrician using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Caregivers provided self-reports on the perception of cognitive impairment (IQCODE) of the care recipient, the caregiving burden (ZBI), depressive symptoms (GDS-15), and self-esteem (RSE). Descriptive analyses, comparison of different caregiver burden groups, and multinomial logistic regression analyses to understand correlates of caregiver burden were conducted with SPSS®, version 20.
Results: The findings show that the caregivers are on average 60 years old and the majority are women. They care for persons with AD, who are on average 82 years old and most of whom are women. Our results show that the duration of caregiving, depression of the caregiver, and caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment contribute significantly to burden of caregiver.
Discussion: This study shows that it is necessary to adopt the caregiver-centered approach to support the dyad. The role of the caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment in AD should be developed when supporting caregivers in suffering.
{"title":"Burden of family caregivers in Alzheimer's disease: The role of caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment.","authors":"Emin Altintas, Marion Luyat, Karim Gallouj, Gizem Hülür, Mohamad El Haj","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2367102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2367102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the role of caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment in burden of family caregivers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that the evaluation of cognitive impairment by family caregivers plays a pivotal role in burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 110 dyads (person with AD and their caregiver) recruited from a Memory Unit in France. The cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms of person with AD were evaluated by a geriatrician using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Caregivers provided self-reports on the perception of cognitive impairment (IQCODE) of the care recipient, the caregiving burden (ZBI), depressive symptoms (GDS-15), and self-esteem (RSE). Descriptive analyses, comparison of different caregiver burden groups, and multinomial logistic regression analyses to understand correlates of caregiver burden were conducted with SPSS<sup>®</sup>, version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings show that the caregivers are on average 60 years old and the majority are women. They care for persons with AD, who are on average 82 years old and most of whom are women. Our results show that the duration of caregiving, depression of the caregiver, and caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment contribute significantly to burden of caregiver.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study shows that it is necessary to adopt the caregiver-centered approach to support the dyad. The role of the caregivers' perception of cognitive impairment in AD should be developed when supporting caregivers in suffering.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2061353
J F Scheffels, C Lipinsky, S Korabova, P Eling, A Kastrup, H Hildebrandt
Previous studies indicate that the effect of prism adaptation training (PAT) on unilateral neglect may depend on clinical characteristics. In this explorative work, we re-analyzed data from a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (N = 23) to investigate whether age, etiology, severity of motor impairments, and visual field deficits affect the efficacy of PAT. Additionally, we reviewed PAT studies that reported lesion maps and distinguished responders from non-responders. We transferred these maps into a common standard brain and added data from 12 patients from our study. We found patients suffering from subarachnoid bleeding appeared to show stronger functional recovery than those with intracranial hemorrhage or cortical infarction. Furthermore, patients with visual field deficits and those with more severe contralateral motor impairments had larger after-effect sizes but did not differ in treatment effects. In addition, patients with parietal lesions showed reduced recovery, whereas patients with lesions in the basal ganglia recovered better. We conclude that PAT (in its current form) is effective when fronto-subcortical areas are involved but it may not be the best choice when parietal regions are affected. Overall, the present work adds to the understanding on the effects of clinical characteristics on PAT.
以往的研究表明,棱镜适应训练(PAT)对单侧忽视的效果可能取决于临床特征。在这项探索性工作中,我们重新分析了之前进行的随机对照试验(N = 23)的数据,以研究年龄、病因、运动障碍的严重程度和视野缺损是否会影响棱镜适应训练的效果。此外,我们还回顾了报告病灶图并区分有反应者和无反应者的 PAT 研究。我们将这些图谱转化为通用的标准脑图,并添加了我们研究中 12 位患者的数据。我们发现,与颅内出血或皮质梗塞患者相比,蛛网膜下腔出血患者的功能恢复似乎更强。此外,视野缺损的患者和对侧运动障碍更严重的患者的后效应大小更大,但治疗效果并无差异。此外,顶叶病变患者的恢复情况较差,而基底节病变患者的恢复情况较好。我们的结论是,PAT(目前的形式)在前皮层下区域受累时是有效的,但在顶叶区域受累时可能不是最佳选择。总之,本研究加深了人们对临床特征对 PAT 的影响的理解。
{"title":"The influence of clinical characteristics on prism adaptation training in visuospatial neglect: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"J F Scheffels, C Lipinsky, S Korabova, P Eling, A Kastrup, H Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2061353","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2061353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies indicate that the effect of prism adaptation training (PAT) on unilateral neglect may depend on clinical characteristics. In this explorative work, we re-analyzed data from a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (<i>N</i> = 23) to investigate whether age, etiology, severity of motor impairments, and visual field deficits affect the efficacy of PAT. Additionally, we reviewed PAT studies that reported lesion maps and distinguished responders from non-responders. We transferred these maps into a common standard brain and added data from 12 patients from our study. We found patients suffering from subarachnoid bleeding appeared to show stronger functional recovery than those with intracranial hemorrhage or cortical infarction. Furthermore, patients with visual field deficits and those with more severe contralateral motor impairments had larger after-effect sizes but did not differ in treatment effects. In addition, patients with parietal lesions showed reduced recovery, whereas patients with lesions in the basal ganglia recovered better. We conclude that PAT (in its current form) is effective when fronto-subcortical areas are involved but it may not be the best choice when parietal regions are affected. Overall, the present work adds to the understanding on the effects of clinical characteristics on PAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":"1 1","pages":"678-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60063653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2060748
E van den Berg, J C M Dijkzeul, J M Poos, W S Eikelboom, J van Hemmen, S Franzen, F J de Jong, E G P Dopper, J M J Vonk, J M Papma, D Satoer, L C Jiskoot, H Seelaar
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Verbal fluency is regularly used as a sensitive measure of language ability, semantic memory, and executive functioning, but qualitative changes in verbal fluency in FTD are currently overlooked. This retrospective study examined qualitative, linguistic features of verbal fluency in 137 patients with behavioral variant (bv)FTD (n = 50), or primary progressive aphasia (PPA) [25 non-fluent variant (nfvPPA), 27 semantic variant (svPPA), and 34 logopenic variant (lvPPA)] and 25 control participants. Between-group differences in clustering, switching, lexical frequency (LF), age of acquisition (AoA), neighborhood density (ND), and word length (WL) were examined in the category and letter fluency with analysis of variance adjusted for age, sex, and the total number of words. Associations with other cognitive functions were explored with linear regression analysis. The results showed that the verbal fluency performance of patients with svPPA could be distinguished from controls and other patient groups by fewer and smaller clusters, more switches, higher LF, and lower AoA (all p < 0.05). Patients with lvPPA specifically produced words with higher ND than the other patient groups (p < 0.05). Patients with bvFTD produced longer words than the PPA groups (p < 0.05). Clustering, switching, LF, AoA, and ND-but not WL-were differentially predicted by measures of language, memory, and executive functioning (range standardized regression coefficient 0.25-0.41). In addition to the total number of words, qualitative linguistic features differ between subtypes of FTD. These features provide additional information on lexical processing and semantic memory that may aid the differential diagnosis of FTD.
额颞叶痴呆(FTD)是一种早发性神经退行性疾病,具有异质性临床表现。语言流利性通常被用作衡量语言能力、语义记忆和执行功能的敏感指标,但目前FTD中语言流利性的质的变化被忽视了。这项回顾性研究调查了137名行为变异(bv)FTD(n = 50)或原发性进行性失语症(PPA)[25个非流利变体(nfvPA)、27个语义变体(svPPA)和34个同源变体(lvPPA)]和25个对照参与者。通过对年龄、性别和单词总数进行方差分析,检验了聚类、切换、词汇频率(LF)、习得年龄(AoA)、邻域密度(ND)和单词长度(WL)在类别和字母流利性方面的组间差异。通过线性回归分析探讨了与其他认知功能的相关性。结果表明,svPPA患者的语言流利性表现与对照组和其他患者组相比可以通过更少、更小的集群、更多的开关、更高的LF和更低的AoA来区分(均p p p
{"title":"Differential linguistic features of verbal fluency in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia.","authors":"E van den Berg, J C M Dijkzeul, J M Poos, W S Eikelboom, J van Hemmen, S Franzen, F J de Jong, E G P Dopper, J M J Vonk, J M Papma, D Satoer, L C Jiskoot, H Seelaar","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2060748","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2060748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Verbal fluency is regularly used as a sensitive measure of language ability, semantic memory, and executive functioning, but qualitative changes in verbal fluency in FTD are currently overlooked. This retrospective study examined qualitative, linguistic features of verbal fluency in 137 patients with behavioral variant (bv)FTD (<i>n</i> = 50), or primary progressive aphasia (PPA) [25 non-fluent variant (nfvPPA), 27 semantic variant (svPPA), and 34 logopenic variant (lvPPA)] and 25 control participants. Between-group differences in clustering, switching, lexical frequency (LF), age of acquisition (AoA), neighborhood density (ND), and word length (WL) were examined in the category and letter fluency with analysis of variance adjusted for age, sex, and the total number of words. Associations with other cognitive functions were explored with linear regression analysis. The results showed that the verbal fluency performance of patients with svPPA could be distinguished from controls and other patient groups by fewer and smaller clusters, more switches, higher LF, and lower AoA (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Patients with lvPPA specifically produced words with higher ND than the other patient groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Patients with bvFTD produced longer words than the PPA groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Clustering, switching, LF, AoA, and ND-but not WL-were differentially predicted by measures of language, memory, and executive functioning (range standardized regression coefficient 0.25-0.41). In addition to the total number of words, qualitative linguistic features differ between subtypes of FTD. These features provide additional information on lexical processing and semantic memory that may aid the differential diagnosis of FTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"669-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069460/pdf/nihms-1883922.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9235439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2023153
Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora, Monica Salazar-Villanea, David K Johnson
This study evaluated the measurement invariance of a neuropsychological battery across rural and urban older adults from Costa Rica. Rural and urban older adults (N = 295) from the Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer's Disease (EDAD) study in Costa Rica were assessed. The baseline factor model for the EDAD neuropsychological measures was identified with nine neuropsychological measures and three cognitive constructs: Verbal Memory, Spatial Reasoning, and Cognitive Flexibility. Measurement and structural invariance were established, and, then, group comparisons of the latent cognitive factors were conducted to explore regional disparities. The findings showed that most of the neuropsychological tests in EDAD can be directly compared across the groups, allowing for cognitive constructs comparisons. The rural sample showed a disadvantage in the Spatial Reasoning and Cognitive Flexibility abilities. When age and education were included in the models, differences between the regions disappeared. Having more years of education was associated with higher cognitive abilities, with a larger effect for the rural group. Norms for Costa Rican older adults should consider age and education adjustments. This study contributes to the growing area of measurement invariance in neuropsychological assessment as it highlights the importance of examining the comparability of assessment measures across different cultural groups.
{"title":"Measurement invariance of a neuropsychological battery across urban and rural older adults in Costa Rica.","authors":"Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora, Monica Salazar-Villanea, David K Johnson","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2023153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2023153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the measurement invariance of a neuropsychological battery across rural and urban older adults from Costa Rica. Rural and urban older adults (<i>N</i> = 295) from the Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer's Disease (EDAD) study in Costa Rica were assessed. The baseline factor model for the EDAD neuropsychological measures was identified with nine neuropsychological measures and three cognitive constructs: Verbal Memory, Spatial Reasoning, and Cognitive Flexibility. Measurement and structural invariance were established, and, then, group comparisons of the latent cognitive factors were conducted to explore regional disparities. The findings showed that most of the neuropsychological tests in EDAD can be directly compared across the groups, allowing for cognitive constructs comparisons. The rural sample showed a disadvantage in the Spatial Reasoning and Cognitive Flexibility abilities. When age and education were included in the models, differences between the regions disappeared. Having more years of education was associated with higher cognitive abilities, with a larger effect for the rural group. Norms for Costa Rican older adults should consider age and education adjustments. This study contributes to the growing area of measurement invariance in neuropsychological assessment as it highlights the importance of examining the comparability of assessment measures across different cultural groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"348-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9907058/pdf/nihms-1865779.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10224804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}