Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

Exposure to optical illusions during postural control activates the sensory reweighting system. However, the impact of optical illusions on the vestibular system in individuals with motion sickness (MS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of optical illusions on the vestibular system in individuals with MS. The study included 33 individuals with MS (MS group) and 34 individuals without MS (control group). The severity of MS was assessed using the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire. All participants underwent cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) test, video head impulse test (vHIT), and static posturography, both with and without optical illusions. There were no significant differences between the groups in vHIT and cVEMP responses under both optical illusion-free and optical illusion-present conditions (p > 0.05). However, the postural stability of the MS group with eyes closed was worse compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Optical illusions were found to decrease bilateral lateral semicircular canal (SSC) VOR gains and postural stability in both the MS and control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, optical illusions significantly reduced the left anterior SSC VOR gains in the MS group (p = 0.042). Our findings indicate that the sensory reweighting system is activated during vection, leading to a reduction in vestibular inputs and an increased reliance on the visual system. The observed decrease in left anterior SSC VOR gains in the MS group compared to the control group during vection may suggest that these individuals rely more heavily on the visual system or exhibit increased visual dependence.

Background: This study used a network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with different stimulation modes in the treatment of post-stroke aphasia (PSA) and ranked them.

Methods: The author searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from database inception to July, 22, 2025, for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of tDCS for patients with PSA. The risk of bias assessment tool for RCT was used. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated and validated.

Findings: The assessment included seven items: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and investigators, blinding of outcome assessors, completeness of outcome measures, selective reporting, and other bias. Each item was graded as high risk, low risk, or unclear. All study data were well-integrity and no selective reporting occurred; no other bias was reported in any RCT. All included studies used efficacy rate to evaluate efficacy. A meta-analysis was performed on 10 studies, and the heterogeneity test I0 = 0, it was considered that the studies were homogeneous. The effective rate of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant.

Spatial neglect (SN) is a common cognitive disorder after stroke, characterized by lateralized attention deficits. Correctly identifying SN and its subtypes is crucial for treatment and recovery. Following, we examined eye movement measurements as an addition to a conventional test for assessing SN. We recorded eye movements during the presentation of the Cookie Theft image for people with left-sided SN (n = 13), right-sided SN (n = 3), and controls (n = 6). Participants with SN were neurological patients. People with left-sided SN allocated more attention to the right side of the screen (i.e. proportion of right fixations, fixation time, and mean fixation location) relative to controls, especially during the early viewing phase (i.e. the first 25% of the viewing duration). Many of these differences were also evident at an individual level. For people with left-sided SN, allocating more attention to the right side of the screen (i.e. gaze position) was strongly correlated with neglect severity (i.e. Catherine Bergego Scale scores). Eye tracking metrics derived from neuropsychological assessments can be clinically relevant and suitable for individual-level analyses. By enabling a fine-grained assessment of attention allocation/gaze position, eye tracking could give added benefit to neuropsychological assessments of SN.

Neuropsychologists are frequently asked to evaluate individuals following presumed mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to communicate findings across clinical and forensic settings that rely on divergent diagnostic systems. This article provides an analytic review of major mTBI frameworks (American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine [ACRM], Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense [VA/DoD], Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5-Text Revision [DSM-5-TR], International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision [ICD-11], and Concussion in Sport Group [CISG]), emphasizing their differing evidentiary thresholds and intended uses. Particular attention is given to retrospective determinations, gaps in acute documentation, and medicolegal constraints. Evidence is reviewed regarding diagnostic uncertainty, emergency department under recognition, construct boundaries between injury and sequelae, and reliance on historical markers such as loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, and altered mental status. Intimate partner violence-related brain injury and non-fatal strangulation illustrate mechanistic complexity that strains current criteria. Emerging blood-based biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NfL, S100B) are evaluated as adjunctive tools when imaging is normal. The scope of neuropsychological opinion under Daubert, Joiner, and Kumho is clarified, distinguishing functional assessment from retrospective causal inference. Across systems, apparent disagreements between experts often reflect mismatches between framework demands and available data. Recommendations emphasize explicit declaration of framework use, transparent articulation of inferential limits, and cautious integration of adjunctive methods that are time-sensitive and mechanism-aware.

The Comic-Strip Task (CST) is a measure of Theory of Mind (ToM), a key component of social cognition. Performance on cognitive tests, including those assessing social cognition, can be influenced by demographic factors such as age, education, sex and cultural background. This study aimed to establish normative data for the CST in French-Quebec people aged 50 and over. A sample of 281 healthy individuals aged 50 to 90 years, from Quebec (Canada) completed the CST. Statistical analyses examined the associations between CST performance and age, education, and sex. Results showed significant association between CST performance and both age and education level, but no significant association with sex. Normative data, stratified by age (50-69 vs ≥70 years) and education (≤12 vs >12 years), are presented as percentile ranks. These norms will support clinicians in the detection of social cognition deficits in middle-aged and older French-Quebec adults.

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of cognitive function, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), on quality of life using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31) in adult persons with epilepsy (PWE). Seventy-four PWE aged between 18 and 50 participated. Our data suggest that the total QOLIE-31 score was not significantly lower in the cognitively impaired group of PWE. Correlation analysis showed a weak yet significant association between the MoCA subscale delayed recall and the QOLIE-31 subscale seizure worry. Additionally, the MoCA subscales attention, orientation, and the total MoCA score were significantly correlated with the QOLIE-31 subscale medication effects. Moreover, MoCA subscale orientation was significantly linked to both medication effect and the overall QOLIE-31 score. Attention and the total MoCA score were weakly associated with social functioning on the QOLIE-31. In hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for confounders such as gender and education, we observed MoCA subdomain visuospatial & executive function (β = 0.459, p = <0.001) and attention (β = 0.543, p < 0.001) explained 13% variance in Total QOLIE-31. Furthermore, a significant association was found between the attention of MoCA and with overall quality of life (β = 0.349, p = 0.046) as well as education and emotional well-being (β = 0.487, p = 0.003) of QOLIE-31. We conclude that visuospatial and executive function, attention, and education are predictors of quality of life in adult PWE. Our findings reinforce the importance of screening for and addressing cognitive deficits to enhance the quality of life in epilepsy patients.

Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) tests are sensitive to the declines in semantic processes found in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Though most settings use the total number of words generated as the primary index of performance on SVF tests, there is reason to believe that SVF interval scores (e.g., the number of words generated at four, 15-second intervals) or performance slopes derived from these interval scores (i.e., the change in rate of word generation across the four 15-second intervals) may be even more sensitive to cognitive changes in the early stages of MCI. The goal of the current review is to provide preliminary evidence on the use of interval scores in persons with MCI due to AD relative to healthy controls (HCs). Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review synthesizes existing literature across PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science electronic databases that utilize SVF interval data in individuals who are on average 60+ with a clinical diagnosis of MCI in the context of AD. Database searches identified 494 articles. After the screening process, eighteen eligible articles (n = 1,081 participants) comparing persons with MCI to HCs were retained. The most common interval methods used were two 30-second intervals, four 15-second intervals, and six 10-second intervals, and the "animals" prompt was most frequently used. Results revealed worsening word generation across intervals and initial performance was consistently worse in persons with MCI due to AD. Only one study did not show added utility of interval scores over traditional total scores. These initial findings encourage further investigation into the potential benefits of using interval scores and/or performance slopes from SVF testing for clinical and research applications.

Introduction: Dementia is a growing concern in aging populations, particularly among individuals with limited education, where traditional cognitive tests may yield inaccurate results. The Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA-cog) was developed to assess cognitive impairment in Indigenous Australians with low literacy.

Methods: This study aimed to validate the Persian version of KICA-cog among elderly Iranians with low or no formal education. A total of 160 participants over age 55 were categorized into three groups: healthy (n = 80), mild cognitive impairment (n = 40), and major cognitive impairment (n = 40), based on DSM-5 criteria and clinical diagnosis. The Persian version of KICA-cog was culturally adapted and administered alongside the MMSE.

Results: The internal consistency of the Persian KICA-cog was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). KICA-cog scores correlated strongly with MMSE scores (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis identified an optimal cutoff score of 28.5 for KICA-cog (sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 97%) and 17.5 for the MMSE (sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 92.5%).

Conclusion: The Persian version of KICA-cog is a reliable, valid, and culturally appropriate screening tool for detecting both mild and major cognitive impairment in illiterate and semi-literate elderly populations in Iran.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and often impairs performance in activities of daily living (ADL). The Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADLI) assesses basic (BADL), instrumental (IADL), and advanced ADL (AADL). This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ADLI in stroke patients.

Method: Ninety-nine participants were included: 30 in the subacute phase, 18 in the chronic phase post-stroke, and 51 healthy controls, recruited from community, rehabilitation, and hospital settings. Participants completed a semi-structured interview and a neuropsychological assessment protocol, including: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for neurocognitive screening; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for assessing depressive symptoms; ADLI, Barthel Index, Lawton and Brody Scale for assessing ADL functioning; and Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve Inventory.

Results: The ADLI demonstrated satisfactory acceptability, internal consistency, convergent validity with recognized instruments assessing ADL and IADL, divergent validity between the BADL scale and the PHQ-9, and criterion validity for discriminating between the stroke and control groups. ADLI scores presented a significant positive correlation with cognitive performance and reserve scores.

Discussion: The results support the ADLI as a useful tool for assessing functionality in ADL after stroke. Future longitudinal studies using a multidimensional neuropsychological assessment protocol are recommended.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in epilepsy, negatively affecting patients' quality of life. Although various treatments-antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and surgery-may influence cognition, comparative data on their effects on executive functions and memory remain limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate studies assessing the impact of these treatments on executive functions and memory using the EpiTrack cognitive screening tool.

Methods: A systematic search identified 1,008 publications, of which 35 full-text articles were reviewed. After applying inclusion criteria, seven studies were included, examining cognitive changes in patients undergoing various treatments.

Results: Perampanel and Cenobamate exhibited a neutral cognitive profile, with scores stable at "moderate impairment" (29.67-30.04). Lamotrigine and Levetiracetam demonstrated persistent severe impairment. Brivaracetam improved from severe to moderate impairment (not clinically significant). Only Topiramate showed a clinically significant decline (30.0 to 26.6). VNS therapy led to slight improvement over five years (severe to moderate impairment), while combined VNS + 1-2AEDs produced clinically meaningful gains. In contrast, VNS with 3-4 AEDs maintained severe impairment.

Conclusion: This review underscores the importance of accurate cognitive assessment in epilepsy management, with a monitoring frequency of no more than every six months for patients receiving AED therapy.