Ecosystem Services最新文献_第2页

Corrigendum to “Perceived urban ecosystem services and disservices in gentrifying neighborhoods: Contrasting views between community members and state informants” [Ecosyst. Serv. 65 (2024) 101571] 对 "城市化社区中感知到的城市生态系统服务和不服务：社区成员与国家信息提供者的观点对比" [Ecosyst.

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101674

Mary Kathryn Rodgman , Isabelle Anguelovski , Carmen Pérez-del-Pulgar , Galia Shokry , Melissa Garcia-Lamarca , James J.T. Connolly , Francesc Baró , Margarita Triguero-Mas

引用次数: 0

Integration of the system of environmental economic accounting-ecosystem accounting (SEEA-EA) framework with a semi-distributed hydrological and water quality simulation model 将环境经济核算体系-生态系统核算（SEEA-EA）框架与半分布式水文和水质模拟模型相结合

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101672

Mahsa Younesi , Motahareh Saadatpour , Abbas Afshar

This research is aimed to map the ecosystem accounting according to the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) framework in river-basin scale, while examining the potential of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in drawing the ecosystem accounting. The focus of the accounting is on the physical ecosystem extent (EEA), condition (ECA), and services (ESA) in the Karaj River-basin, Iran. To analyze the EEA, we attributed the ecosystems based on the Global Ecosystem Typology developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Then, the attribute tables of each sub-basin were processed in ArcMap environment to quantify the changes between 2005 and 2010. SWAT model of the study area was calibrated and validated based on hydrological and water quality data to evaluate the ECA and ESA. Furthermore, we assessed the water supply for different purposes among the ecosystem services by employing the SWAT model. This research determined the contribution of water provision by the ecosystem to various uses and beneficiaries, and evaluated the trends and attribution of the changes.

Concerning terrestrial accounts in EEA, the T6.4 (Grassland) ecosystem reduction was the most significant change observed. Also, unmanaged expansions emerged as the predominant factor contributing to changes across various ecosystems. Reviewing the ECA revealed that the T3.2 (Shrubland), T6.4, and T5.1 (Bareland) ecosystems have experienced area reductions of 19.2%, 18.2%, and 8%, respectively, while the T7.3 (Orchard) and F1.1 (Freshwater) ecosystems exhibited approximately 9% and 6% increases in condition. The analysis of the ECA indicated that the decrease in precipitation, particularly snowfall, is the main contributing factor to the deteriorating condition of the terrestrial ecosystems. The examination on the EEA demonstrated a decline in the water supplied by the ecosystems. The findings indicate that incorporating the SWAT model within an ecosystem accounting framework, offers valuable insights to facilitate informed decision-making.

本研究旨在根据环境经济核算体系-生态系统核算（SEEA-EA）框架，绘制河流流域范围内的生态系统核算图，同时检验土壤与水评估工具（SWAT）在绘制生态系统核算图方面的潜力。核算的重点是伊朗卡拉季河流域的物理生态系统范围（EEA）、状况（ECA）和服务（ESA）。为了分析 EEA，我们根据世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）制定的全球生态系统类型学对生态系统进行了归类。然后，在 ArcMap 环境中处理了每个子流域的属性表，以量化 2005 年至 2010 年间的变化。根据水文和水质数据对研究区域的 SWAT 模型进行了校准和验证，以评估 ECA 和 ESA。此外，我们还利用 SWAT 模型评估了生态系统服务中不同用途的供水情况。这项研究确定了生态系统为各种用途和受益者提供的水量，并评估了变化趋势和归因。关于 EEA 中的陆地账户，T6.4（草地）生态系统的减少是观察到的最显著变化。此外，无管理的扩张也是导致各种生态系统变化的主要因素。回顾 ECA 发现，T3.2（灌木林）、T6.4 和 T5.1（裸地）生态系统的面积分别减少了 19.2%、18.2% 和 8%，而 T7.3（果园）和 F1.1（淡水）生态系统的状况则分别增加了约 9% 和 6%。对 ECA 的分析表明，降水量（尤其是降雪量）的减少是导致陆地生态系统状况恶化的主要因素。对 EEA 的研究表明，生态系统的供水量下降。研究结果表明，将 SWAT 模型纳入生态系统核算框架可为促进知情决策提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Collaborative models and uncertain water quality in payments for watershed services: China’s Jiuzhou River eco-compensation 流域服务补偿中的合作模式与不确定水质：中国九洲江生态补偿

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101671

Jichuan Sheng , Hongqiang Yang

As Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) schemes are widely implemented around the world, determining downstream payment rates based on expected water quality is critical to designing efficient PWS schemes. Combined with a case study of the Jiuzhou River Horizontal Eco-compensation (JRBHE) in China, this study builds a stochastic differential game model of PWS considering water quality uncertainty. Using this model, this study explores how water quality uncertainty affects the decision-making of watershed protection behaviors of various stakeholders in PWS. In comparing changes in stakeholder watershed protection behaviors in multiple JRBHE scenarios, this study argues that the collaborative eco-compensation model in the PWS can achieve social optimality as it can coordinate multi-stakeholder goals regarding watershed services and water quality. In addition, this study also emphasizes that the collaborative eco-compensation model is riskier than the existing horizontal eco-compensation model due to water quality uncertainty, and penalties aimed at reducing risk are often necessary for the collaborative eco-compensation model. Finally, this study highlights that designing incentive-compatible PWS schemes remains challenging because both water quality uncertainty and stakeholders’ risk preferences influence their ultimate watershed protection behavior.

随着流域服务付费计划（PWS）在全球的广泛实施，根据预期水质确定下游付费率对于设计高效的 PWS 计划至关重要。本研究结合中国九洲江横向生态补偿（JRBHE）案例研究，建立了一个考虑水质不确定性的随机微分博弈模型。利用该模型，本研究探讨了水质的不确定性如何影响各利益相关者的流域保护行为决策。通过比较多个 JRBHE 情景下利益相关者流域保护行为的变化，本研究认为 PWS 中的协作生态补偿模型可以协调多方利益相关者在流域服务和水质方面的目标，从而实现社会最优。此外，本研究还强调，由于水质的不确定性，合作生态补偿模式比现有的横向生态补偿模式风险更大，因此合作生态补偿模式往往需要旨在降低风险的惩罚措施。最后，本研究强调，由于水质的不确定性和利益相关者的风险偏好都会影响其最终的流域保护行为，因此设计激励相容的公共工程系统方案仍具有挑战性。

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引用次数: 0

Monetary value of ecosystem services in unhealthy seagrass meadows in Indonesia 印度尼西亚不健康海草草甸生态系统服务的货币价值

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101668

Nurul Dhewani Mirah Sjafrie , Puji Rahmadi , Triyono Triyono , Fery Kurniawan , Indarto Happy Supriyadi , Firman Zulpikar , Luky Adrianto , Susi Rahmawati , Udhi Eko Hernawan

Seagrass meadows provide important ecosystem services for humans, particularly local communities living in coastal areas. These ecosystems have been facing several anthropogenic pressures, leading to their unhealthy ecological state. Understanding the economic value of ecosystems is essential for effective management and conservation efforts. This study evaluated the monetary value of seagrass ecosystem services in Wakatobi and Bintan, Indonesia. The study sites in these locations were selected owing to the compromised condition of their seagrass ecosystems and the local communities’ widespread use of seagrass ecosystem services. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and existing research literature. The monetary valuation of ecosystem services (supporting, regulating, provisioning, and cultural services) was estimated using a non-market benefit transfer and market prices approach. Our analysis revealed that the monetary value of seagrass meadows with an unhealthy ecological state was USD 23,800/ha/y (IDR 336 million) in Wakatobi and USD 13,800/ha/y (IDR 195 million) in Bintan. The average monetary value from both locations was approximately USD 18,800/ha/y (IDR 265 million). Moreover, regulatory services were the most dominant component in the monetary value, contributing up to 97 % of the total value, whereas supporting services contributed 3 %; provisioning and cultural services contributed < 1 %. By quantifying the economic significance of seagrass meadows, our study can facilitate decision-making in seagrass conservation. Furthermore, our findings contribute to the broader field of ecosystem valuation and highlight the importance of safeguarding these ecosystems for both ecological and human well-being.

海草草甸为人类，尤其是生活在沿海地区的当地社区提供了重要的生态系统服务。这些生态系统一直面临着几种人为压力，导致其处于不健康的生态状态。了解生态系统的经济价值对于有效的管理和保护工作至关重要。本研究评估了印度尼西亚瓦卡托比和民丹岛海草生态系统服务的货币价值。之所以选择这两个地方作为研究地点，是因为它们的海草生态系统状况不佳，而且当地社区广泛使用海草生态系统服务。通过问卷调查、访谈、焦点小组讨论和现有研究文献收集数据。采用非市场效益转移和市场价格方法对生态系统服务（支持、调节、供应和文化服务）的货币价值进行了估算。我们的分析表明，生态状态不健康的海草草甸的货币价值在瓦卡托比为 23,800 美元/公顷/年（3.36 亿印尼盾），在民丹岛为 13,800 美元/公顷/年（1.95 亿印尼盾）。两地的平均货币价值约为 18,800 美元/公顷/年（2.65 亿印尼盾）。此外，调节服务是货币价值中最主要的组成部分，占总价值的 97%，而支持服务占 3%，供给和文化服务占 1%。通过量化海草草甸的经济意义，我们的研究有助于海草保护决策的制定。此外，我们的研究结果还有助于更广泛的生态系统估值领域，并强调了保护这些生态系统对生态和人类福祉的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of ecosystem service values from various rice farming systems: A field experiment in China 各种水稻耕作制度的生态系统服务价值比较分析：中国的田间试验

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101664

Yanqiong Ye , Hui Bai , Jiaen Zhang , Daolin Sun

Integrated farming systems in paddy fields are being widely adopted for water-food-energy nexus in China. The mechanisms of these integrated farming systems and their economic and ecological benefits have been studied, however, investigation on their ecosystem service values (ESVs) remains limited in the field. To address this gap, this study comparatively analyzed the ESVs of rice monoculture, rice-fish co-culture and rice-fish-water spinach co-culture through a field experiment during the early and late rice growing seasons in 2022. Six positive ESVs including the primary product supply, CO₂ fixation, O₂ release, soil organic matter accumulation, flood control and water storage, soil nutrient maintenance, and one negative ESV of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were investigated and evaluated. The highest total positive ESV was approximately 50,200 US$/ha/yr of the rice-fish-water spinach co-culture, which was 31.4% higher than that of the rice monoculture, and the total primary products value increased by more than two folds than that of the rice monoculture. The total ESVs of the rice-fish co-culture resulted in approximately 43,700 US$/ha/yr, which was 14.4% higher than that of the rice monoculture of 38,200 US$/ha/yr, and the total primary products value increased by 63% as compared with the rice monoculture. Subtracting the negative value of GHG emissions, the net ESVs was approximately 49,400 US$/ha/yr of the rice-fish-water spinach co-culture, followed by 42,900 US$/ha/yr of the rice-fish co-culture, and 37,600 US$/ha/yr of the rice monoculture. Our findings suggested that it should be encouraged to adopt good integrated farming systems for better ecosystem services in paddy fields and to promote the decision makers’ and the public awareness on ecological farming, and field experiments are warranted to explore more practical co-culture systems and to optimize and maximize economic and ecological benefits as well as ecosystem service functions.

中国正在广泛采用水田综合耕作系统来解决水-食物-能源关系问题。人们已经对这些综合耕作系统的机理及其经济和生态效益进行了研究，但对其生态系统服务价值（ESV）的研究仍然有限。针对这一空白，本研究通过 2022 年早稻和晚稻生长季节的田间试验，比较分析了水稻单作、稻鱼共作和稻鱼蕹菜共作的生态系统服务价值。研究和评估了包括初级产品供应、二氧化碳固定、氧气释放、土壤有机质积累、防洪蓄水、土壤养分保持在内的六个正ESV和温室气体（GHG）排放在内的一个负ESV。稻-鱼-蕹菜共作的总正 ESV 最高，约为 50,200 美元/公顷/年，比水稻单作高出 31.4%，初级产品总价值比水稻单作增加了两倍多。稻鱼共作的总 ESV 约为 43,700 美元/公顷/年，比水稻单作的 38,200 美元/公顷/年高出 14.4%，初级产品总价值比水稻单作增加了 63%。减去温室气体排放的负值，稻鱼蕹菜共作的净 ESV 约为 49,400 美元/公顷/年，其次是稻鱼共作的 42,900 美元/公顷/年和水稻单作的 37,600 美元/公顷/年。我们的研究结果表明，应鼓励在稻田中采用良好的综合耕作系统，以获得更好的生态系统服务，并提高决策者和公众对生态农业的认识，同时应开展田间试验，探索更多实用的共作系统，实现经济效益、生态效益和生态系统服务功能的最优化和最大化。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Impacts of commercial and subsistence fishing on marine and cultural ecosystem services important to the wellbeing of an Indigenous community in Hawai’I” [Ecosyst. Serv. 69 (2024) 101661] 夏威夷土著社区商业性和自给性捕鱼对海洋和文化生态系统服务的影响"[生态系统服务 69 (2024) 101661] 更正

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101669

Ron Vave , Nadine Heck , Siddharth Narayan , Sonya Carrizales , Damien Kenison , Mariela Garcia-Vega , Adina Paytan

引用次数: 0

Flood prevention benefits provided by Canadian natural ecosystems 加拿大自然生态系统提供的防洪效益

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101670

Gabriela T. Duarte , Richard Schuster , Marc Edwards , Camille O. Dallaire , Ágnes Vári , Matthew G.E. Mitchell

The escalating impacts of climate change have heightened concerns about the frequency and severity of natural disasters, particularly extreme flooding events. Future projections underscore the necessity for innovative flood prevention strategies, including broad-scale nature-based solutions. Here, we present the first comprehensive assessment of the flood prevention benefits provided by Canadian natural ecosystems and identify key areas crucial for human well-being. Using spatially explicit modeling, we (1) evaluated the potential runoff retention by natural ecosystems and (2) identified downstream urban and agricultural areas critically dependent on these natural benefits, particularly those in floodplains and close proximity to upstream natural ecosystems. The natural ecosystems within the top 5 % of sub-basins, representing regions with a high priority for conservation practices aimed at flood prevention, play a crucial role in safeguarding approximately 54 % (∼6,000 km²) of the total built-up area and 74 % (∼16,900 km2) of the total cropland situated within floodplains. Additionally, they are positioned upstream of floodplain-based urban zones belonging to 358 population centers, directly benefiting 3.7 million people (∼10 % of the Canadian population) and indirectly benefiting almost 20.1 million people (∼56 % of the Canadian population). Moreover, among Canada’s 5.2 million km² of flood-preventing natural ecosystems, we identified a small fraction (10 %) whose loss or degradation would result in a significant (>50 %) increase in runoff. Several of these crucial ecosystems are situated in less populated northern regions, where local governments might want to incentivize conservation initiatives to support flood prevention. Our research underscores the imperative to integrate nature-based solutions into national strategies that consider the results of spatial planning analyses. Establishing other effective area-based conservation measures in the priority regions highlighted in this study can contribute towards reaching current ambitious environmental goals and provide critical flood prevention benefits. Additionally, our methods are transferable to other regions worldwide, leveraging globally available datasets and ensuring computational feasibility.

气候变化的影响不断升级，加剧了人们对自然灾害频率和严重程度的担忧，尤其是极端洪水事件。对未来的预测强调了创新防洪战略的必要性，包括基于自然的广泛解决方案。在此，我们首次对加拿大自然生态系统提供的防洪效益进行了全面评估，并确定了对人类福祉至关重要的关键领域。利用空间显式建模，我们（1）评估了自然生态系统对径流的潜在滞留作用，（2）确定了下游城市和农业区对这些自然效益的严重依赖，特别是那些位于洪泛区和靠近上游自然生态系统的地区。排名前 5%的子流域内的自然生态系统代表了以防洪为目的的保护措施的优先级较高的地区，在保护位于洪泛区内的总建筑面积的约 54%（6,000 平方公里）和总耕地面积的 74%（16,900 平方公里）方面发挥着至关重要的作用。此外，它们位于洪泛平原城市区的上游，属于 358 个人口中心，直接惠及 370 万人（占加拿大人口的 10%），间接惠及近 201 万人（占加拿大人口的 56%）。此外，在加拿大 520 万平方公里的防洪自然生态系统中，我们发现有一小部分（10%）生态系统的丧失或退化将导致径流量显著增加（50%）。这些至关重要的生态系统中有几个位于人口较少的北部地区，当地政府可能希望鼓励采取保护措施来支持防洪。我们的研究强调，将基于自然的解决方案纳入考虑空间规划分析结果的国家战略势在必行。在本研究强调的重点区域建立其他有效的区域保护措施，有助于实现当前宏伟的环境目标，并提供重要的防洪效益。此外，我们的方法可移植到全球其他地区，充分利用全球可用的数据集，确保计算的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of landscape configurations on ecosystem services and their trade-offs across different landscape compositions 不同景观组合对生态系统服务及其权衡的影响

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101666

Jiasi Huang, Zheyi Xia, Liming Liu

Landscape sustainability depends on the design of landscape patterns that can be guided by ecosystem services (ESs). Clarifying the impacts of landscape configurations on ESs and their trade-offs will facilitate landscape planning and management to achieve the best design without changing most landscape compositions. However, limited work has focused on these impacts, and whether these impacts are the same on different compositions remains unexplored. Thus, this study analyzes the impacts of landscape configurations on ESs and their trade-offs for different compositions. In this analysis, Gaussian mixture model was used to cluster the landscape by compositions, five important ESs (crop production, water yield, carbon storage, soil retention, and outdoor recreation) were quantified, and the constraint line was used to analyze the impact, taking the Xiangjiang River Basin as an example. Results showed that three clusters of landscape compositions, which are similar to the urban–rural–natural gradient, were identified. Furthermore, the impacts of landscape configurations on ESs and their trade-offs had largely the same direction in different compositions. However, change in landscape composition makes the high correlations among them weaker or shift to constraint impacts. Based on the results of the study, we can not only contribute to local landscape development but also argue three general approaches for landscape planning and management. First, considering the trade-offs and making a choice adapted to local conditions. Second, adjusting landscape configurations with virtually no changes of compositions. Third, external intervention based on rational landscape configurations.

景观的可持续性取决于景观模式的设计，这些模式可以由生态系统服务 (ES) 指导。明确景观配置对生态系统服务的影响及其权衡将有助于景观规划和管理，从而在不改变大多数景观构成的情况下实现最佳设计。然而，目前关注这些影响的工作还很有限，而且这些影响是否会对不同的组合产生相同的影响也仍未得到探讨。因此，本研究分析了景观配置对生态系统服务的影响及其对不同组成的权衡。分析中，以湘江流域为例，采用高斯混合模型对景观进行成分聚类，量化了五种重要的生态系统服务（作物生产、水资源产量、碳储存、土壤保持和户外休闲），并利用约束线分析其影响。结果表明，确定了与城市-农村-自然梯度相似的三个景观组合群。此外，在不同的景观组成中，景观配置对环境服务的影响及其权衡的方向大致相同。然而，景观组成的变化会削弱它们之间的高度相关性，或转变为限制性影响。根据研究结果，我们不仅可以为当地的景观发展做出贡献，还可以论证景观规划和管理的三种一般方法。第一，权衡利弊，因地制宜。第二，在几乎不改变构成的情况下调整景观配置。第三，在合理景观配置的基础上进行外部干预。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystem services and collective action: New commons, new governance challenges 生态系统服务与集体行动：新的公域，新的治理挑战

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101662

Cécile Barnaud , Roldan Muradian

This editorial article of the special issue “Ecosystem Services and Collective Action: New Commons, New Governance Challenges” examines the synergies and tensions between the ecosystem services (ES) framework and the theories on collective action for environmental governance. The literature and the contributions of this special issue illuminate the multifaceted nature of these interactions. By revealing new socio-ecological interdependencies and emerging commons, the ES concept raise opportunities of collective action and polycentric institutional arrangements, and can operate as a boundary object in collaborative processes. However, we also stress the importance of considering, in both research and policy design, the inherent challenges of collective ES governance regimes and the complexities of the underlying social processes, including: the rise of shared perceptions and common beliefs; the development of new social networks and trust relations; the recognition of multiple values and worldviews, notably non-utilitarian values; the management of conflicts and power asymmetries; and the context-dependency of institutional arrangements.

这篇特刊社论文章题为 "生态系统服务与集体行动：新公域、新治理挑战 "特刊的这篇社论文章探讨了生态系统服务（ES）框架与环境治理集体行动理论之间的协同作用和紧张关系。本特刊的文献和文章阐明了这些相互作用的多面性。通过揭示新的社会生态相互依存关系和新出现的公域，生态系统服务概念提供了集体行动和多中心制度安排的机会，并可在合作过程中作为边界对象发挥作用。不过，我们也强调，在研究和政策设计中，必须考虑到集体生态系统治理制度的内在挑战和基本社会进程的复杂性，包括：共同观念和共同信念的兴起；新社会网络和信任关系的发展；对多种价值观和世界观的认可，特别是非功利价值观；冲突和权力不对称的管理；以及制度安排的环境依赖性。

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引用次数: 0

Differences in the experience of cultural ecosystem services in mountain protected areas by clusters of visitors 游客集群对山区保护区文化生态系统服务的体验差异

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101663

María R. Felipe-Lucia , Ángel de Frutos , Emilie Crouzat , Volker Grescho , Jonna M. Heuschele , Melissa Marselle , Marco Heurich , Franziska Pöpperl , Florian Porst , Ana Paula Portela , Christian Rossi , Claudia Carvalho-Santos , Ana Stritih , Ana Sofia Vaz , Aletta Bonn

Protected Areas contribute to the conservation of nature with associated cultural ecosystem services (CES) and values, such as recreational and educational opportunities, wildlife observation, scenic beauty, inspiration and sense of belonging. Informed management of Protected Areas needs to consider the distinct use and preferences for CES of different types of visitors to increase opportunities for nature experience while avoiding conflicts with biodiversity conservation. Therefore, it is important to understand the linkages between visitor characteristics and their demand for specific sets of CES, particularly in fragile mountain ecosystems. Here we do so by combining information from individual on-site surveys and participatory mapping of visitors in four European mountain Protected Areas. We analysed visitors’ frequency of use of eight CES and their socio-demographic information, identifying three clusters of visitors. We also assessed the spatial distribution of CES locations used by each visitor cluster. Our results highlight strong differences between clusters both in the most frequently experienced CES and in the spatial location where those CES were experienced. We suggest that a better understanding of visitors regarding the way they experience nature is relevant for the environmental management of mountain Protected Areas and their surroundings.

保护区有助于保护自然及相关的文化生态系统服务 (CES) 和价值，如娱乐和教育机会、野生动物观察、美景、灵感和归属感。保护区的知情管理需要考虑不同类型游客对 CES 的不同使用和偏好，以增加体验自然的机会，同时避免与生物多样性保护发生冲突。因此，了解游客特征与他们对特定 CES 需求之间的联系非常重要，尤其是在脆弱的山区生态系统中。在此，我们将对四个欧洲山区保护区的游客进行的个人现场调查和参与式制图所获得的信息结合起来。我们分析了游客使用八种 CES 的频率及其社会人口信息，确定了三个游客群组。我们还评估了每个游客集群所使用的 CES 地点的空间分布情况。我们的研究结果表明，在最常使用的 CES 和使用这些 CES 的空间位置方面，游客群组之间都存在很大差异。我们认为，更好地了解游客体验自然的方式与山区保护区及其周边环境管理息息相关。

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引用次数: 0