Ecosystem Services最新文献_第3页

Economic valuation of the contribution of a protected area to water quality in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil 巴西圣卡塔琳娜山区保护区对水质贡献的经济评价

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101802

Flávio José Simioni , Tais Toldo Moreira , Lucas Meneguim Pereira , Sabrina Antunes Vieira , Philipe Ricardo Casemiro Soares , Viviane Aparecida Spinelli Shein , Everton Skoronski

Protected areas play a crucial role in preserving natural resources and providing essential ecosystem services. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the economic value of the contribution of the protected area denominated the Farofa Mountain Range Complex to the preservation of springs in the mountainous region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The area preserves 4987.16 ha with native forests and has springs that form the Caveiras River, which supplies water for human consumption in the city of Lages. The novelty of this paper resides in the determination of valuation using two methods combined with physicochemical water quality variables. The contingent valuation method considered a sample of 374 interviewees who expressed their “willingness to pay” for preserving and conserving the area. The reduction in water treatment costs for the human supply in the city of Lages was also estimated using the “avoided costs“ method, considering the reduction in chemical products resulting from the improvement in the physicochemical variables of the water from the protected area. The results showed that 37.4 % of respondents were willing to contribute an average pay amount of $1.27 per family/month, corresponding to a total economic value of 6.46 to 28.21 million dollars, depending on the opportunity cost of capital adopted in Brazil. The reduction in water treatment costs due to the better quality produced by the protected area corresponded to a potential average avoided cost of 11.0% and 3.6% in the polynomial and logarithmic models, respectively, compared to expenses with conventional treatment. The results demonstrate the importance and relevance of the protected area as an important provider of ecosystem services and water resources. The combination of two valuation methods and water quality data proved to be complementary in this study, expanding the scope of the assessment.

保护区在保护自然资源和提供基本生态系统服务方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，本研究旨在估计法罗法山脉综合保护区对保存巴西圣卡塔琳娜州山区泉水的贡献的经济价值。该地区保留了4987.16公顷的原始森林，并拥有形成Caveiras河的泉水，为Lages市的人类消费提供水。本文的新颖之处在于结合理化水质变量，采用两种方法确定评价值。条件估价法考虑了374名受访者的样本，他们表示愿意为保护和保护该地区“付费”。考虑到来自保护区的水的物理化学变量的改善所导致的化学产品的减少，还使用“避免成本”方法估计了拉格斯市人类供水的水处理成本的减少。结果显示，37.4%的受访者愿意贡献平均每个家庭每月1.27美元的工资，根据巴西采用的资本机会成本，对应的总经济价值为646至2821万美元。在多项式和对数模型中，由于保护区生产的水质量更好，水处理成本的降低对应于与常规处理费用相比，潜在的平均避免成本分别为11.0%和3.6%。结果表明保护区作为生态系统服务和水资源的重要提供者的重要性和相关性。两种评价方法与水质数据的结合在本研究中被证明是互补的，扩大了评价的范围。

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引用次数: 0

Perspectives on abiotic ecosystem services provided by glacial lakes in high-mountain areas 高山地区冰湖提供的非生物生态系统服务展望

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101798

C. Viani , N. Colombo , M. Rogora , M. Giardino , M. Freppaz , I.M. Bollati

Glacial lakes, which are especially abundant in mountain regions, are fundamental natural features that provide a range of services to society. In the current context of climate change, these lakes are becoming a common feature in the progressively deglaciating high-mountain regions, providing essential direct and indirect services for human well-being and socio-economic development. So far, most of the attention has been paid primarily to hazards and secondly to biotic ecosystem services provided by glacial lakes, among which maintaining populations and habitats. Recently, there has been emerging interest also in abiotic ecosystem services. The present study synthesizes current knowledge on abiotic ecosystem services associated with glacial lakes into an integrated and detailed classification of 16 services, including hydrological buffering, hydropower production, and recreation. It highlights emerging services driven by rapid environmental change: glacial lakes act as sentinels of global change, recording environmental shifts and reflecting the state of the surrounding landscape, making them valuable for monitoring and research. Moreover, the formation of new lakes partially compensates for the loss of glaciers, helping maintain landscape diversity and aesthetic value as glaciers vanish. This study emphasizes the benefits, alongside disservices such as Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) risk, provided by glacial lakes through a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework that links the physical dynamics of glacial lakes with their socio-economic implications. This framework offers a foundation for further quantitative assessment and for the effective integration of abiotic ecosystem services of high-mountain lakes into sustainable development strategies and environmental protection policies.

冰川湖在山区尤其丰富，是为社会提供一系列服务的基本自然特征。在当前气候变化的背景下，这些湖泊正在成为冰川逐渐消退的高山地区的共同特征，为人类福祉和社会经济发展提供必要的直接和间接服务。迄今为止，人们的注意力主要集中在危害上，其次是冰川湖提供的生物生态系统服务，其中包括维持种群和栖息地。最近，人们对非生物生态系统服务也产生了兴趣。本研究综合了与冰川湖相关的非生物生态系统服务的现有知识，对16种服务进行了综合和详细的分类，包括水文缓冲、水电生产和娱乐。它强调了由快速环境变化驱动的新兴服务：冰川湖充当全球变化的哨兵，记录环境变化并反映周围景观的状态，使其具有监测和研究的价值。此外，新湖泊的形成部分补偿了冰川的损失，有助于在冰川消失时保持景观多样性和审美价值。本研究通过一个综合的跨学科框架，将冰川湖的物理动态与其社会经济影响联系起来，强调了冰川湖带来的好处，以及冰川湖爆发洪水（GLOF）风险等危害。该框架为进一步定量评价和将高山湖泊的非生物生态系统服务有效地纳入可持续发展战略和环境保护政策提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

How to assess realized ecosystem services: Indicators, challenges in determining actual use, and suggestions 如何评估已实现的生态系统服务：指标、确定实际利用的挑战和建议

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101796

Haojie Chen

Ecosystem services (ESs) are the benefits that humans receive from ecosystem functions, processes, or characteristics. In practice, many assessments do not distinguish between realized ESs—actually used or received by humans—and ecosystems’ capacities to provide services. These capacities can be referred to as potential ESs. The realization of ESs requires not only these ecological capacities but also human perception, use, or the fulfillment of human demand. Therefore, assessing realized ESs is more complex than assessing potential ESs. This study synthesizes 66 indicators for assessing 34 types of realized ESs and highlights a subset of indicators potentially applicable to environmental-economic accounting. It also explores the challenges in determining people’s actual use of ESs, such as identifying which areas benefit from ESs, determining whether ESs are actually used, and deciding who should assess the fulfillment of human demand for ESs. These challenges arise from (1) the intangible and public nature of certain ESs, (2) the distance decay that ESs may exhibit, (3) the long-term and broad societal need for ESs, (4) the fact that some ESs may be received remotely from multiple directions without active or direct human intervention, and (5) the potential human-induced pressures that the realization of ESs may place on ecosystems. The management and assessment of realized ESs should be guided by experts, while also incorporating public perspectives and disclosing the limitations and assumptions of the assessment methods. Furthermore, the realization of ESs must remain within the ecosystems’ capacities to provide them sustainably, and these capacities should be protected. There should also be mechanisms through which the potential supply of ESs can be delivered to humans. This study aims to support ES researchers, managers, and decision-makers in evaluating realized ESs, thereby tracking and managing the actual contributions of ESs to socio-economic development and human well-being.

生态系统服务是人类从生态系统功能、过程或特征中获得的利益。实际上，许多评估没有区分已实现的生态系统（人类实际使用或接收的生态系统）和生态系统提供服务的能力。这些容量可以称为潜在ESs。生态环境的实现不仅需要这些生态能力，还需要人类的感知、使用或满足人类的需求。因此，评估已实现ESs比评估潜在ESs更为复杂。本研究综合了66个指标，用于评估34种类型的已实现ESs，并突出了可能适用于环境经济会计的指标子集。它还探讨了确定人们实际使用ESs的挑战，例如确定哪些领域受益于ESs，确定是否实际使用了ESs，以及决定由谁来评估人类对ESs的需求的实现。这些挑战来自(1)某些可持续能源的无形和公共性质，(2)可持续能源可能表现出的距离衰减，(3)对可持续能源的长期和广泛的社会需求，(4)一些可持续能源可能在没有主动或直接人为干预的情况下从多个方向远程接收的事实，以及(5)实现可持续能源可能对生态系统造成的潜在人为压力。已实现可持续发展的管理和评估应在专家的指导下进行，同时也应纳入公众的观点，并披露评估方法的局限性和假设。此外，可持续能源的实现必须保持在生态系统可持续提供这些能源的能力范围内，而这些能力应得到保护。还应该有一种机制，通过这种机制，可以将ESs的潜在供应输送给人类。本研究旨在支持可持续发展研究人员、管理者和决策者评估已实现的可持续发展，从而跟踪和管理可持续发展对社会经济发展和人类福祉的实际贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing multiple ecosystem services: Nature-based measures outperform technical interventions in river management 加强多种生态系统服务：在河流管理中，基于自然的措施优于技术干预

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101795

Stefan Schmidt, Christian Albert

While rivers and floodplains provide critical ecosystem services such as water purification, flood regulation, and recreational opportunities, they face increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities and climate change. Traditional river management has predominantly relied on technical interventions, which have frequently been associated with reductions in the ability of ecosystems to deliver these critical services.

This study aims to provide a robust basis for assessing the potential impacts of technical and nature-based river management measures on ecosystem services in rivers and floodplains. Using a synthesis-of-reviews approach based on PRISMA guidelines findings from nine review publications – including 25 nature-based and 26 technical river management measures – were summarized.

Results demonstrate that nature-based river management measures exhibit significantly more positive and fewer negative effects on ecosystem services compared to technical measures. Over 84 % (21 out of 25) of nature-based interventions positively influence 6 to 17 ecosystem services, whereas technical measures, on average, positively affect only one service (±1.4 standard deviation, SD) and negatively impact approximately 15 (±5.3 SD). Nature-based measures also enhance ecological integrity, biodiversity, and climate resilience, making them critical for achieving multifunctional river landscapes.

These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing the need to prioritize nature-based measures in river management to enhance ecological conditions and sustain multiple ecosystem services. By integrating nature-based approaches, decision-makers can achieve more sustainable, multifunctional river systems that balance ecological, social, and economic objectives.

虽然河流和洪泛平原提供了关键的生态系统服务，如水净化、洪水调节和娱乐机会，但它们面临着来自人为活动和气候变化的越来越大的压力。传统的河流管理主要依赖于技术干预，这往往与生态系统提供这些关键服务的能力下降有关。本研究旨在为评估技术和基于自然的河流管理措施对河流和洪泛平原生态系统服务的潜在影响提供坚实的基础。利用基于PRISMA指南的综述综合方法，总结了来自9份综述出版物的发现——包括25项基于自然的和26项技术河流管理措施。结果表明，与技术措施相比，基于自然的河流管理措施对生态系统服务的积极影响显著增加，消极影响显著减少。超过84%（25项中有21项）的基于自然的干预措施对6至17项生态系统服务产生了积极影响，而技术措施平均只对一项服务产生了积极影响（±1.4标准差），对大约15项服务产生了负面影响（±5.3标准差）。基于自然的措施还能增强生态完整性、生物多样性和气候适应能力，对实现多功能河流景观至关重要。这些发现为政策制定者和实践者提供了宝贵的见解，强调了在河流管理中优先考虑基于自然的措施，以改善生态条件并维持多种生态系统服务的必要性。通过整合基于自然的方法，决策者可以实现更可持续的、多功能的河流系统，平衡生态、社会和经济目标。

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引用次数: 0

Relational values in nature-based solutions and their role in transformative change: evidence from choice modelling 基于自然的解决方案中的关系价值及其在变革中的作用：来自选择模型的证据

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101794

Rodrigo Zilleruelo , John Rolfe , Jeremy De Valck , Gordon Dwane

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly promoted as human actions that harness nature’s properties and functions to deliver multiple benefits to people and nature. In this way, they are championed as an approach to help achieve sustainable development. This framing has garnered broad attention and support. However, the specific values that underpin public support for NbS remain underexplored, even though understanding them is essential for assessing the policy legitimacy of NbS, clarifying their conceptual foundations, and evaluating their transformative potential. We use environmental valuation to understand public support for funding four types of NbS—two land-based: 1. Living seawall and 2. Constructed wetland, and two water-based: 3. Coral gardening and 4. Seaweed biofilter—projects in Queensland, Australia, and to examine the underlying values that shape this support. Mixed Logit models indicate that households are willing to pay approximately AU$75–150 per year for implementing these solutions, with no substantial differences in preferences across the four types. Crucially, model interactions with attitudinal variables reveal that relational values are stronger predictors of support than instrumental or intrinsic values. This strong association between NbS and relational values may offer an opportunity to increase public acceptance of NbS and, more broadly, to support societal transformation in a nature-positive direction through longer-term initiatives that seek to reframe the relationship between people and nature.

基于自然的解决方案（NbS）越来越被推崇为利用自然属性和功能为人类和自然带来多重利益的人类行为。通过这种方式，它们被倡导为帮助实现可持续发展的一种方法。这一框架得到了广泛的关注和支持。然而，支撑公众支持国家统计局的具体价值观仍未得到充分探讨，尽管理解这些价值观对于评估国家统计局的政策合法性、澄清其概念基础和评估其变革潜力至关重要。我们使用环境评估来了解公众对资助四种类型的国家统计局的支持-两种陆基：活海堤和2。人工湿地和水基湿地两种：珊瑚园艺和4。在澳大利亚昆士兰州的海藻生物过滤器项目，并检查形成这种支持的潜在价值。混合Logit模型表明，家庭愿意每年支付约75-150澳元来实施这些解决方案，四种类型的偏好没有实质性差异。至关重要的是，模型与态度变量的相互作用表明，关系值比工具值或内在值更能预测支持。国家统计局与关系价值之间的这种强烈联系可能为提高公众对国家统计局的接受度提供机会，更广泛地说，通过寻求重新构建人与自然之间关系的长期举措，支持社会向自然积极的方向转型。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of forest management on the ecosystem services supply and multifunctionality in the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve 森林经营对乌代白生物圈保护区生态系统服务供给和多功能性的影响

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101793

Unai Ortega-Barrueta , Unai Sertutxa , Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi , Jorge Curiel Yuste , Raquel Esteban , Lorena Ruiz de Larrinaga , Francisco San Miguel-Oti , Lorena Peña

Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES) that are essential for human well-being. Nevertheless, conventional forest management practices that prioritise timber production often reduce the capacity of forests to provide a balanced set of other ES, thereby diminishing their overall multifunctionality. The aim of this study is to develop a field-based multi-indicator methodological approach to assess how different forest management types influence the multifunctionality value based on the supply of thirteen ES (two provisioning, nine regulating and two cultural), and to identify the forest attributes (location, structure and maturity, and soil properties) that influence the provision of each ES. The research was conducted in the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, a relevant protected area of the Basque Country (Spain). The forest management types selected for the study were as follows: i) No managed native forests, ii) Abandoned pine plantations, iii) Pine managed plantations, and iv) Eucalyptus managed plantations, with 10 stands sampled for each management type. The findings indicated that No managed and Abandoned exhibited higher multifunctionality value and greater values in regulating and cultural ES in comparison to managed plantations, which supplied higher timber provision, yet exhibited suboptimal performance in other ES. The application of generalised linear mixed models has revealed a positive correlation between forest attributes, including soil pH and vertical heterogeneity, and the provision of multiple ES. However, it has also been observed that slope has a negative effect on certain regulating ES. These findings underscore the significance of forest management practices that preserve both the structural complexity of the forest and landscape, whilst simultaneously enhancing soil conditions to ensure multifunctionality. Furthermore, abandoned pine plantations have the potential to demonstrate ecological restoration, thereby supporting natural regeneration and improving the delivery of regulating and cultural ES.

森林生态系统提供广泛的生态系统服务，对人类福祉至关重要。然而，优先考虑木材生产的传统森林管理做法往往会降低森林提供一套平衡的其他可持续能源的能力，从而削弱其整体的多功能性。本研究的目的是开发一种基于实地的多指标方法方法，以评估不同森林经营类型如何影响基于13种生态系统（2种供应、9种调节和2种文化）供应的多功能价值，并确定影响每种生态系统供应的森林属性（位置、结构和成熟度以及土壤属性）。该研究是在西班牙巴斯克地区的一个相关保护区——乌代拜生物圈保护区进行的。研究选择的森林经营类型为：i)无管理原生林，ii)废弃松木人工林，iii)松木人工林，iv)桉树人工林，每种经营类型采样10个林分。研究结果表明，与提供更多木材供应的人工林相比，无管理和废弃人工林在调节和培养生态系统方面具有更高的多功能性价值和更大的价值，但在其他生态系统方面表现不佳。广义线性混合模型的应用揭示了森林属性（包括土壤pH和垂直异质性）与提供多个ES之间的正相关关系。然而，也观察到坡度对某些调节ES有负作用。这些发现强调了森林管理实践的重要性，即既要保护森林和景观的结构复杂性，又要同时改善土壤条件以确保多功能性。此外，废弃的松林具有展示生态恢复的潜力，从而支持自然再生并改善调节和文化ES的交付。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated valuation of instrumental and relational values of marine protected areas in the United Arab Emirates 综合评价阿拉伯联合酋长国海洋保护区的工具价值和关系价值

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101791

Jasper O. Kenter , Simon J. Pittman , Marina Antonopoulou , Balagopal Menon , Kostantinos A. Stamoulis , Maitha M. Al Hameli , Daniel Mateos-Molina

We integrate contingent valuation and self-reported wellbeing indicators to inclusively assess instrumental and relational values around two potential marine protected areas (MPAS) in lagoons in Abu Dhabi (AD) and Umm al Quwain (UAQ), United Arab Emirates (UAE). In total, 510 residents and tourists were surveyed. There was near consensus that designating the lagoons as MPAs was important. All wellbeing indicators reflecting relational values scored strongly, and significantly higher for lower incomes and in the less urbanised UAQ lagoon, particularly for connection to nature. Individual willingness to pay (WTP) for establishing MPAs varied by user/non-user, size, level of protection. Central estimates for aggregated annual WTP for highly protected MPAs ranged from $1.13 m (UAQ, 153 km²) to $13.63 m (AD, 230 km²). Results suggest the substitutability of relational values varied by income, and that there were trade-offs between aggregate monetary values increasing with number of users, and local and lower income users’ wellbeing. Inclusive management must carefully balance the diverse values of marine ecosystems and wildlife, the instrumental benefits of coastal tourism, the relational connections between local people and nature, and equity issues around the lower availability of substitutes and the stronger relational values for lower-income users of potential protected areas.

我们整合了条件评估和自我报告的福祉指标，以包容性地评估阿布扎比（AD）和阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE）乌姆阿尔奎因（UAQ）两个潜在海洋保护区（MPAS）泻湖的工具和关系价值。共有510名居民和游客接受了调查。人们几乎一致认为，将这些泻湖指定为海洋保护区是很重要的。所有反映相关值的幸福指标得分都很高，在收入较低和城市化程度较低的UAQ泻湖，尤其是与自然的联系方面，得分明显较高。建立海洋保护区的个人支付意愿（WTP）因用户/非用户、规模、保护水平而异。高度保护海洋保护区的年度总WTP的中央估计从113万美元（UAQ， 153平方公里）到1363万美元（AD， 230平方公里）不等。结果表明，关系价值的可替代性因收入而异，并且随着用户数量的增加，总货币价值与本地和低收入用户的福祉之间存在权衡。包容性管理必须仔细平衡海洋生态系统和野生动物的各种价值、沿海旅游的工具性利益、当地人与自然之间的关系联系，以及围绕替代品可用性较低的公平问题，以及潜在保护区的低收入用户的更强关系价值。

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引用次数: 0

The interaction of financial incentives and social norms to motivate conservation on the Tibetan Plateau

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101792

John M. Kerr , Tsering Bum , Rain Wuyu Liu , Jinhua Zhao , Lu Zhi , Maria Knight Lapinski

Recent years have seen both increased use of financial incentives to promote conservation behavior, and increased interest in understanding how social norms can be utilized to encourage conservation. However, there remains limited understanding of how norms and incentives interact to affect people’s willingness to undertake incentivized behaviors. We advance existing research, testing aspects of a theory of social norms and financial incentives to predict and explain conservation behavior. We study a population of ethnically Tibetan pastoralists in Qinghai, China, an area of critical conservation importance both for its role as the source of the drinking water supply for over a billion people downstream and for its ecosystems (including wildlife), where financial incentives for conservation have been introduced. We examine how local yak herders respond to a hypothetical program to reduce their herd size in exchange for a monetary incentive. Appealing to descriptive social norms in favor of joining the program motivates increased participation, and it reduces the likelihood of reversing the herd size reduction when the program ends. However, as the payment size increases, the effect of norms diminishes. Our findings indicate that cultural factors – in this case religious orientation against treating animals as a commodity – can be a stronger motivator than social norms.

近年来，人们越来越多地使用财政激励来促进保护行为，也越来越有兴趣了解如何利用社会规范来鼓励保护。然而，对于规范和激励如何相互作用影响人们进行激励行为的意愿，人们的理解仍然有限。我们推进现有的研究，测试社会规范和经济激励理论的各个方面，以预测和解释保护行为。我们研究了当地牦牛牧民如何回应一个假设的计划，即减少他们的牛群规模以换取金钱激励。吸引描述性的社会规范来支持加入该计划，可以激发更多的参与，并且减少了在计划结束时逆转畜群规模减少的可能性。然而，随着支付规模的增加，规范的作用逐渐减弱。我们的研究结果表明，文化因素——在这种情况下，反对将动物视为商品的宗教取向——可能是比社会规范更强的激励因素。

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引用次数: 0

Payment for Ecosystem Services 2.0: The Natural Capital Trust of Costa Rica 生态系统服务付费2.0：哥斯达黎加自然资本信托基金

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101787

Marcello Hernández-Blanco , Robert Costanza , Monica Moritsch

We designed a new national Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme for Costa Rica using a systematic approach for the creation of governance arrangements and financial mechanisms based on Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for sustainable commons management. This PES 2.0 updates significantly the almost 30-year-old current scheme by expanding the scope to all the natural capital of the country (i.e., private, public, terrestrial, coastal and marine), as well as expanding the ecosystem services that will be the focus of the different modalities of the PES. This study presents the first estimate of the annual value of Costa Rica’s total ecosystem services, amounting to $14.5 billion. Finally, to assess and enhance the efficiency of the proposed scheme, we developed a Natural Capital Priority Index (NCPI) tailored to PES schemes. The NCPI identifies areas where investments are likely to generate the highest socioeconomic and environmental returns by spatially estimating ecosystem service provision, threats to their sustainability, and zones of high conservation value. This proposal of the evolution of one of the world’s best-known PES schemes will not only help the country to achieve its nature stewardship goals, but will also increase the level of participation from a wide diverse group of actors from society creating significant new opportunities to increase their livelihoods and well-being.

我们为哥斯达黎加设计了一项新的国家生态系统服务支付（PES）计划，该计划基于Elinor Ostrom的可持续公地管理设计原则，采用系统的方法来创建治理安排和金融机制。PES 2.0通过将范围扩大到国家的所有自然资本（即私人、公共、陆地、沿海和海洋），以及扩大生态系统服务（将成为PES不同模式的重点），对已有近30年历史的现行方案进行了重大更新。这项研究提出了哥斯达黎加总生态系统服务年价值的第一个估计，达145亿美元。最后，为了评估和提高拟议方案的效率，我们开发了一个适合PES方案的自然资本优先指数（NCPI）。NCPI通过空间估算生态系统服务提供、对其可持续性的威胁以及具有高保护价值的区域，确定投资可能产生最高社会经济和环境回报的区域。这一关于发展世界上最著名的PES计划之一的建议不仅将有助于该国实现其自然管理目标，而且还将提高来自社会的广泛不同行为者群体的参与水平，为提高他们的生计和福祉创造重要的新机会。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing ecosystem services provision using Bayesian Belief Network in Southern Europe marine forests 基于贝叶斯信念网络的南欧海洋森林生态系统服务提供评估

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101789

Miguel Fernandes , João Seixo , João N. Franco , Maria A. Cunha-e-Sá

Marine forests are vital ecosystems that underpin biodiversity and human well-being. Despite their ecological significance, these habitats remain underrepresented in policy frameworks and are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. Effective conservation and restoration efforts require a system-level understanding of the dynamic interactions between human activities and ecological components.

We use Bayesian Belief Networks to simulate and predict changes in ecosystem service provision within southern European marine forests, with a focus on the continental Portuguese coast. Our approach integrates field measurements and expert knowledge to assess how shifts in anthropogenic drivers and biological components affect ecosystem functionality in data-limited settings. Major concerns include climate-driven herbivory, invasive species patterns, and their combined impact with other existing drivers. Nonetheless, results indicate restoration initiatives could enhance ecosystem services provision by up to 40 percentage points. Availability, reliability, and size of observations significantly influenced the choice between expert-based data and field measurements. The findings provide an initial step toward applying a Bayesian Network approach to assess ecosystem service provision in European marine forests and evaluating the potential benefits of restoration interventions. This work identifies key leverage points for enhancing ecosystem resilience and offers a decision-support tool to inform targeted conservation strategies across southern European coastal regions.

海洋森林是支撑生物多样性和人类福祉的重要生态系统。尽管这些栖息地具有重要的生态意义，但它们在政策框架中的代表性仍然不足，并日益受到人为压力的威胁。有效的保护和恢复工作需要对人类活动和生态组成部分之间的动态相互作用有一个系统级的理解。我们使用贝叶斯信念网络来模拟和预测南欧海洋森林中生态系统服务提供的变化，重点是葡萄牙大陆海岸。我们的方法整合了实地测量和专家知识，以评估在数据有限的情况下，人为驱动因素和生物成分的变化如何影响生态系统功能。主要问题包括气候驱动的草食、入侵物种模式，以及它们与其他现有驱动因素的综合影响。尽管如此，结果表明，恢复措施可以使生态系统服务提供增加多达40个百分点。观察结果的可用性、可靠性和规模显著影响了专家数据和现场测量之间的选择。这些发现为应用贝叶斯网络方法评估欧洲海洋森林的生态系统服务提供和评估恢复干预的潜在效益提供了初步的步骤。这项工作确定了增强生态系统恢复力的关键杠杆点，并提供了决策支持工具，为南欧沿海地区的有针对性的保护战略提供信息。

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