Ecosystem Services最新文献_第7页

Who should control the provider of ecosystem services in buyer-driven governance? A choice experiment on orchards in Germany 在买方驱动的治理中，谁应该控制生态系统服务的提供者？德国果园的选择实验

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101749

Henrique Manhique, Frank Wätzold

Buyer-driven governance arrangements have emerged as a promising innovative approach to mitigate the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) in agricultural landscapes. In such arrangements, ES buyers, such as consumers, support ES provision by remunerating farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices through market-based mechanisms, such as price premiums for (certified) sustainably produced products. In this context, effective compliance enforcement is essential, as it assures ES buyers that the services are delivered in accordance with agreed guidelines. Consequently, the level of trust ES buyers place in the organisation responsible for enforcing compliance is critical. We applied a discrete choice experiment to investigate ES buyers’ preferences for the organisation responsible for compliance enforcement for sustainably produced agricultural products. The survey used conventionally managed apple orchards in Germany as a case study and focused on the implementation of ES measures (flower strips, hedgerows, flower strips plus hedgerows, and mechanical weed control instead of chemical control) to support regulating (biological pest control and pollination), cultural (enhancement of landscape aesthetics), and provisioning ES (production of marketable fruits). To elicit preferences regarding compliance enforcement, the survey included four organisations: a state agency, a farmers’ association, a conservation NGO, and a representative body – composed of relevant societal actors collectively responsible for implementing compliance enforcement. The survey included a representative sample of 901 ES buyers (apple consumers) drawn from the German population. We find that most ES buyers trust conservation NGO, representative body, and farmers’ association, while less than half trust state agency; furthermore, ES buyers are willing to pay a substantially higher premium when a trusted organisation is enforcing compliance. Regarding ES measures, we find that ES buyers are willing to pay price premiums for all measures supporting ES provision, with higher premiums for mechanical weed control and the combination flower strips plus hedgerows.

买方驱动的治理安排已成为缓解农业景观中生态系统服务（ES）退化的一种有希望的创新方法。在这种安排中，消费者等生态系统购买者通过市场机制，如（经认证的）可持续生产产品的溢价，奖励农民采用可持续农业做法，从而支持提供生态系统。在这种情况下，有效的遵从性执行是必不可少的，因为它向ES购买者保证服务是按照商定的指导方针交付的。因此，ES购买者对负责执行合规性的组织的信任程度至关重要。我们采用离散选择实验来调查ES购买者对负责可持续生产农产品合规执行的组织的偏好。该调查以德国传统管理的苹果园为例，重点研究了ES措施（花条、树篱、花条加树篱，以及机械杂草控制而不是化学控制）的实施情况，以支持调节（生物害虫控制和授粉）、文化（增强景观美学）和供应ES（生产可销售的水果）。为了了解人们对合规执行的偏好，调查包括了四个组织：一个国家机构、一个农民协会、一个环保非政府组织和一个代表机构——由相关的社会行动者组成，共同负责实施合规执行。该调查包括901名德国消费者（苹果消费者）的代表性样本。研究发现，大多数ES购买者信任环保非政府组织、代表机构和农民协会，而信任国家机构的不到一半；此外，当一个值得信赖的组织执行合规性时，ES买家愿意支付高得多的溢价。在ES措施方面，我们发现ES购买者愿意为所有支持ES提供的措施支付溢价，其中机械除草和花带加树篱组合的溢价更高。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating trade-offs in carbon storage, biodiversity, and wildfire risk in European landscape management 欧洲景观管理中碳储量、生物多样性和野火风险的权衡

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101751

A.N. Neidermeier, T.A.P. West, P.H. Verburg

Land use and climate change are driving new dynamics for wildfires and ecosystems globally. In Europe, these drivers contribute to changes in fuel structures which affect the behavior, impact, and recurrence interval of wildfires. In response, there is interest in restoring historic fuel-relevant land management strategies and fire regimes which impact the condition and arrangement of fuels. Simultaneously, ecosystem function (e.g., carbon storage and biodiversity) is a cornerstone for European sustainability and climate adaptation policies such as the Green Deal. Thus, a nuanced approach to landscape management is needed which addresses wildfires concerns while also conserving ecosystem function. Research evaluating the interaction between wildfire and ecological function in Europe has largely been limited to local or regional assessments which can be difficult to translate to European-wide policy initiatives. Our study takes a continental perspective to map areas in which ecosystem function and wildfire may be interacting using data on recent fire activity, aboveground carbon, and biodiversity. We synthesize policy-level considerations for mindfully navigating fire and conservation goals and propose areas which may be suitable for herbivory, mechanical removal, and prescribed burn to manage fuels. Our results highlight several countries, especially in eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, with both high ecosystem function and high fire activity which must be carefully managed to avoid intense and destructive fires in areas of high ecosystem function. Conversely, we identify areas with high fire activity and low carbon storage or biodiversity which may be good candidates for more intensive fuel management with fewer negative ecological consequences. As Europe continues to look to its landscapes to provide a wide range of services, policymakers will need to carefully consider services provided by landscapes to safeguard environmental objectives while managing the deleterious consequences of wildfires.

土地利用和气候变化正在推动全球野火和生态系统的新动态。在欧洲，这些驱动因素导致燃料结构的变化，从而影响野火的行为、影响和复发间隔。因此，有兴趣恢复影响燃料状况和安排的与燃料有关的历史土地管理战略和消防制度。同时，生态系统功能（如碳储存和生物多样性）是欧洲可持续发展和气候适应政策（如绿色协议）的基石。因此，需要一种细致入微的景观管理方法，既能解决野火问题，又能保护生态系统功能。评估欧洲野火与生态功能之间相互作用的研究在很大程度上仅限于地方或区域评估，这些评估很难转化为全欧洲的政策举措。我们的研究采用大陆视角，利用最近的火灾活动、地上碳和生物多样性数据，绘制生态系统功能和野火可能相互作用的区域。我们综合了政策层面的考虑，以谨慎地导航火灾和保护目标，并提出了可能适合食草，机械清除和规定燃烧的区域来管理燃料。我们的研究结果强调了几个国家，特别是在东欧和地中海，具有高生态系统功能和高火灾活动，必须仔细管理，以避免在高生态系统功能地区发生强烈和破坏性的火灾。相反，我们确定了具有高火灾活动和低碳储存或生物多样性的地区，这些地区可能是更密集的燃料管理的良好候选者，并且负面生态后果较少。随着欧洲继续指望其景观提供广泛的服务，政策制定者将需要仔细考虑景观提供的服务，以保护环境目标，同时管理野火的有害后果。

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引用次数: 0

EnhancES − An open source GIS-based toolbox for assessing, mapping and enhancing ecosystem services -基于gis的开源工具箱，用于评估、绘制和增强生态系统服务

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101744

Harald Zepp , Luis Inostroza , Malte Bührs , Lars Gruenhagen , Christin Busch , Nannan Dong

The transfer of ecosystem service assessments to real-world decision-making in the public and private spheres is lagging. We introduce EnhancES, a toolbox for mapping and assessing ecosystem services developed with the open-source software QGIS. The toolbox can currently assess twelve ecosystem services (ES). We demonstrate how biophysical ES modelling can be integrated into a multistep spatial planning/design process via EnhancES. We used real information from the planning process of a residential area in Bochum, Germany. We compared the expected changes in six ES that emerged from three different urban planning designs submitted as part of an official urban planning competition, plus a revised plan. The gains and losses in standardized ES performance convey a clear message: an overall gain of ES is only possible with the revised plan. Acknowledging ES as a fundamental basis for human well-being should put them at the centre of decision-making, because marginal valuation over different development alternatives is the way forward.

将生态系统服务评估转移到公共和私人领域的实际决策方面是滞后的。我们介绍了enhance，这是一个用开源软件QGIS开发的用于绘制和评估生态系统服务的工具箱。该工具箱目前可以评估12种生态系统服务功能。我们演示了如何通过增强将生物物理ES建模集成到多步骤空间规划/设计过程中。我们使用了德国波鸿一个住宅区规划过程中的真实信息。我们比较了作为官方城市规划竞赛的一部分提交的三种不同城市规划设计中出现的六个ES的预期变化，以及修订后的计划。标准化ES性能的收益和损失传达了一个明确的信息：ES的总体收益只有通过修订计划才有可能实现。承认生态环境是人类福祉的基本基础，应该使它们成为决策的中心，因为对不同发展选择的边际估值是前进的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Nature-based solutions for urban challenges: A simple framework based on ecosystem services for a World Heritage City 基于自然的城市挑战解决方案：基于世界遗产城市生态系统服务的简单框架

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101746

B. Fernández de Manuel , L. Peña , A. Berreteaga , B. Diosdado , J. Laso , I. Ametzaga-Arregi

Urban nature projects are becoming increasingly common in cities as they contribute to reducing the impacts of the climate crisis. In this study, we developed a conceptual framework based on ecosystem services (ESs) to analyse how urban naturalisation actions (nature-based solutions, NBSs) included in urban nature projects contribute to multifunctionality. Here, multifunctionality refers to the capacity to generate multiple simultaneous ESs, indicating the extent to which the challenges identified in a city have been addressed. A multi-criteria analysis based on socioeconomic and environmental criteria, assessed using a series of descriptors linked to ESs, was used to develop a Multifunctionality Nature Project (MuNaP) index. The framework identifies the level of multifunctionality of NBSs and incorporates information for its improvement, if necessary. To validate this proposal, we calculated the multifunctionality of an urban nature project in the World Heritage City of Salamanca, Spain. Among all NBSs used in the project, tree planting was the most multifunctional, whereas the creation of bioretention sites was the least multifunctional. Increasing the values of certain criteria, such as diversity and origins, increased the multifunctionality of the urban nature project. Finally, the MuNaP index has a minimum value that ensures the multifunctionality of an urban nature project, that is, its contributions to biodiversity conservation, provision of multiple ESs, and the well-being of citizens.

城市自然项目在城市中变得越来越普遍，因为它们有助于减少气候危机的影响。在本研究中，我们开发了一个基于生态系统服务（ESs）的概念框架，以分析城市自然项目中包含的城市自然化行动（基于自然的解决方案，nbs）如何促进多功能性。这里，多功能性指的是同时产生多个ESs的能力，这表明城市中确定的挑战已经得到解决的程度。基于社会经济和环境标准的多标准分析，使用一系列与ESs相关的描述符进行评估，用于开发多功能自然项目（MuNaP）指数。该框架确定了nbs的多功能性水平，并在必要时纳入了用于改进的信息。为了验证这一建议，我们计算了西班牙萨拉曼卡世界遗产城市自然项目的多功能性。在项目中使用的所有nbs中，植树是最多功能的，而生物保留点的创建是最不多功能的。增加某些标准的价值，如多样性和起源，增加了城市自然项目的多功能性。最后，MuNaP指数有一个最小值，以确保城市自然项目的多功能性，即其对生物多样性保护、提供多种生态环境和公民福祉的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of ecosystem services perceptions across two regions in Eastern Africa and Central Europe 东非和中欧两个地区生态系统服务观念的比较分析

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101747

E. Tasser , K. Kuhlmann , M.W. Mwanza , M. Schermer , U. Tappeiner , G. Tembo , B.M. Zoderer , U. Schirpke

Ecosystem services (ES) are crucial for livelihoods, the economy and good quality of life, making them essential for sustaining human well-being. However, perceptions of ES can vary according to economic and social factors. In this study, we compare people’s perceptions of ES across developing and developed countries by exploring local communities and visitors’ socio-cultural values attached to ES in the Eastern Province of Zambia (Eastern Africa) and Tyrol (Central Europe) using questionnaire surveys (N = 243). The results indicate that the respondents’ region of origin, education level, gender, age, and socio-economic status play a significant role in the perception of ES. Provisioning, regulation & maintenance ES are perceived as generally more important in Eastern Africa than in Central Europe, whereas respondents in Central Europe attribute higher importance to cultural ES. For some ES, gender type, age group, living place, and educational level also influence perception. These socio- economic differences are underlined by the ranking of ES in terms of personal importance. In Eastern Africa, the ES ‘food from agriculture’, ‘natural hazard protection’, ‘prevention of water scarcity’ and ‘climate regulation’ are particularly important. In Europe, the most frequently chosen ES are ‘opportunity for leisure activities’ and ‘peaceful places and tranquillity’. Our findings provide insights into the socio-cultural importance of benefits provided by nature across two socio-economic different contexts, suggesting that decision-making processes will need be responsive to context differences and different needs depending on economic and social background.

生态系统服务对生计、经济和良好的生活质量至关重要，对维持人类福祉至关重要。然而，对ES的看法会因经济和社会因素而有所不同。在本研究中，我们通过问卷调查（N = 243），探讨了赞比亚东部省（东非）和蒂罗尔（中欧）的当地社区和游客对ES的社会文化价值，比较了发展中国家和发达国家人们对ES的看法。结果表明，被调查者的原籍地区、受教育程度、性别、年龄和社会经济地位对社会服务感知有显著影响。供应、调节&；在东非，人们普遍认为维持社会服务比中欧更重要，而中欧的受访者则认为文化社会服务更重要。对于某些ES，性别类型、年龄组、居住地点和教育水平也会影响感知。这些社会经济上的差异被ES在个人重要性方面的排名所强调。在东非，ES“农业粮食”、“自然灾害保护”、“预防水资源短缺”和“气候调节”尤为重要。在欧洲，最常被选择的社会价值是“休闲活动的机会”和“和平的地方和宁静”。我们的研究结果为两种不同社会经济背景下自然带来的好处的社会文化重要性提供了见解，表明决策过程需要根据经济和社会背景对环境差异和不同需求做出反应。

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引用次数: 0

On the importance of discrete choice experiment framings to derive accounting values for ecosystem and species appreciation services 论离散选择实验框架对推导生态系统和物种增值服务会计价值的重要性

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101745

Gabriela Scheufele , Michael Burton , Ram Pandit

Developing monetary ecosystem accounts requires the estimation of exchange values. While flows of non-use services (e.g., the value derived from the mere existence of a species) are currently not considered as ecosystem services by the United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounts (SEEA – EA) framework, they may be recorded as Ecosystem and Species Appreciation (ESA) services. Estimating exchange values for these services relies on non-market valuation methods. Arguably the most suitable method for this purpose is a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). Transforming marginal values obtained from a DCE into exchange values can be complex and presents a range of potential pitfalls. In this paper, we present an approach that allows translating marginal Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) estimates into exchange values for ESA services for representative sets of framings of the DCE valuation question. We show the applicability of this approach using case studies of Australian species and ecosystems, representing both constant and non-constant WTP estimates for choice attributes. It is a relatively flexible approach for estimating exchange values for ESA services.

发展货币生态系统核算需要对交换价值进行估计。虽然联合国环境经济核算系统-生态系统核算（SEEA - EA）框架目前不认为非使用服务的流量（例如，仅仅从一个物种的存在中获得的价值）是生态系统服务，但它们可以记录为生态系统和物种增值服务。估计这些服务的交换价值依赖于非市场估价方法。可以说，最适合这个目的的方法是离散选择实验（DCE）。将从DCE获得的边际价值转换为交换价值可能很复杂，并且存在一系列潜在的缺陷。在本文中，我们提出了一种方法，允许将边际支付意愿（WTP）估计转换为ESA服务的交换价值，用于DCE估值问题的代表性框架集。我们通过澳大利亚物种和生态系统的案例研究，展示了这种方法的适用性，代表了选择属性的恒定和非恒定WTP估计。这是估算欧空局服务交换价值的一种相对灵活的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Accounting for ecosystem services using extended supply and use tables: A case study of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia 利用扩展供应和使用表计算生态系统服务：以澳大利亚墨累-达令盆地为例

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101741

Greg S. Smith , Stephen B. Stewart , Gabriela Scheufele , David Evans , Ning Liu , Sean Pascoe , Stephen H. Roxburgh , Rebecca K. Schmidt , Michael Vardon

We implement natural capital accounts for ecosystem services (ES) using the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) framework and a case study from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Extended ES supply-use tables are presented that allow for the simultaneous reporting on multiple intermediate and final ES alongside data already available in traditional national economic accounts. We cover the ES of crop provisioning, grazed biomass provisioning, water supply, soil erosion control, recreational fishing, and carbon sequestration and storage. This study shows that extended ES supply-use tables using physical and monetary measures can provide feasible, although not necessarily complete, links between information recorded in the SEEA EA and traditional national economic accounts. It provides an integration of intermediate ES, final ES and produced goods and services in a single table and helps to distinguish benefits from the inputs that create these benefits. Going forward, more integrated recording of the economy and ecosystems’ contributions to wellbeing is needed to better understand the benefits derived from nature.

我们使用环境经济核算系统-生态系统核算（SEEA EA）框架和澳大利亚墨累-达令盆地的案例研究来实施生态系统服务（ES）的自然资本核算。提出了扩展的ES供应使用表，允许同时报告多个中间和最终ES以及传统国民经济账户中已有的数据。我们涵盖了作物供应、放牧生物量供应、供水、土壤侵蚀控制、休闲钓鱼以及碳封存和储存的生态系统。这项研究表明，使用实物和货币措施的扩展ES供应-使用表可以在SEEA - EA和传统国民经济核算中记录的信息之间提供可行的联系，尽管不一定是完整的联系。它将中间环境效益、最终环境效益和生产的产品和服务集成在一个表中，并有助于区分效益与创造这些效益的投入。展望未来，需要更综合地记录经济和生态系统对福祉的贡献，以更好地理解自然带来的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring the natural capital of Amazonian forests: A case study of the National Forest of Carajás, Brazil 衡量亚马逊森林的自然资本：以巴西Carajás国家森林为例

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101734

Tereza Cristina Giannini , Caroline Oliveira Andrino , Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva , José A. Bitencourt , Rafael C. Borges , Renata R. Brito , Rosane Cavalcante , Claudia P.W. Costa , Sidnei Dantas , Markus Gastauer , Vitor F. Gomes , Ulysses M. Maia , Felipe Martello , Leonardo Miranda , Sâmia Nunes , Guilherme Oliveira , Amanda Paracampo , Paulo R. Pontes , Silvio Ramos , José E. Santos Jr , Jacobus Biesmeijer

We propose an innovative approach that links nature and people to assess the natural capital of tropical forests in the Amazon. Our study location is a protected area inside Eastern Amazon forest, where we defined 14 sampling points and analyzed ten components, which encompass the maintenance of standing forests (nature to itself) and the provision of ecosystem services (nature to people). Five components were used to assess ecosystem functions and five components were used to assess ecosystem services. As for ecosystem functions, we registered 467 species of animals (122 bees, 53 butterflies, 292 birds) and 418 plant species, and a mean interaction diversity of 2.8 (from 480 bee-plant interactions). Based on functional traits, we found that at least 83 % of species must be preserved to guarantee resilience, and that functional diversity relies on 60 % of non-replaceable species. Eleven per cent of birds and 9 % of plants are endangered. As for ecosystem services, carbon storage in soil and vegetation is 41.6 and 173 MgC/ha (on average), respectively. One to four uses by Amazonian traditional communities were reported on 42 % of plants. In the vicinities of the protected area, we found that 66 % of crops (13 from 20 crop species) depend on pollinating bees, and the value of annual crop pollination service is US$4.5Mi. Regarding water protection and local climate regulation, data modelling has shown that the presence of protected forests leads to a 21 % increase in evapotranspiration and a decrease in temperature of 0.4 °C. Our framework showed a clear link between the megadiversity found in Amazonian tropical forest and the robust benefits provided to human welfare, highlighting forest conservation as a key element for sustainable development. Advances in understanding the value of forests stimulate significant new opportunities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of forest conservation and management policies and decision-making.

我们提出了一种创新的方法，将自然和人联系起来，以评估亚马逊热带森林的自然资本。我们的研究地点是东亚马逊森林内的一个保护区，在那里我们定义了14个采样点，并分析了10个组成部分，其中包括现存森林的维护（自然本身）和生态系统服务的提供（自然对人）。生态系统功能评价采用5个分量，生态系统服务评价采用5个分量。在生态系统功能方面，动物467种（蜜蜂122种，蝴蝶53种，鸟类292种），植物418种，平均相互作用多样性为2.8（480种蜂-植物相互作用）。基于功能特征，我们发现至少83%的物种必须被保留以保证恢复力，而功能多样性依赖于60%的不可替代物种。11%的鸟类和9%的植物濒临灭绝。在生态系统服务功能方面，土壤和植被的碳储量平均分别为41.6和173 MgC/ha。据报道，亚马逊传统社区对42%的植物有一到四种利用。在保护区附近，我们发现66%的作物（20种作物中的13种）依赖传粉蜜蜂，每年作物授粉服务的价值为4.5亿美元。关于水保护和当地气候调节，数据建模显示，保护林的存在导致蒸散量增加21%，温度降低0.4℃。我们的框架显示了亚马逊热带森林中发现的巨型多样性与为人类福利提供的强大利益之间的明确联系，突出了森林保护是可持续发展的关键要素。对森林价值的认识取得进展，为提高森林养护和管理政策和决策的效力和效率提供了重要的新机会。

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引用次数: 0

Prioritising investment in kelp forest restoration: A spatially explicit benefit-cost analysis in southern Australia 优先投资海带林恢复：南澳大利亚的空间显性效益-成本分析

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101739

Paul E. Carnell , Kym Whiteoak , Mary Young , Kay Critchell , Steve Swearer , Peter I. Macreadie , Josh McIntyre , Eric A Treml

Kelp forests are globally significant ecosystems providing critical ecosystem services, including fish production, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and recreational uses. However, widespread degradation caused by anthropogenic pressures has led to significant declines in kelp forests, necessitating cost-effective restoration strategies. This study performs a spatially explicit benefit-cost analysis of kelp forest restoration in southern Australia to explore how variations in costs and benefits can inform prioritisation of restoration strategies. Costs of ecosystem restoration were calculated based on the time to cull overabundant sea urchins from each location and for active kelp restoration costs. We found that investing in kelp forest restoration at the broad-scale (3,291 ha) returns a positive benefit-cost ratio of 1.10 (where 1.0 is break-even). There was substantial site-specific variation in the benefit-cost ratio (0.33 to 3.4), driven by variation in predicted kelp biomass and thus nitrogen storage benefits ($0 − $105,000 /ha). For culling costs, this varied based on urchin density, the depth (dive time) and travel time to the site. Given this variation, we considered another scenario where only the reefs that returned a positive benefit-cost ration were restored (1,221 ha), which would deliver $92.1 million in benefits, from an investment of $43.9 million and would result in a benefit-cost ratio of 2.10. This research demonstrates how spatial prioritisation can guide investments in marine ecosystem restoration to maximise return on investment. However, while kelp restoration proves beneficial, realising its potential will require robust funding mechanisms (perhaps via market-based incentives), which are currently lacking.

海带林是全球重要的生态系统，提供重要的生态系统服务，包括鱼类生产、养分循环、碳封存和娱乐用途。然而，人为压力造成的广泛退化已导致海带林大幅减少，因此需要具有成本效益的恢复战略。本研究对南澳大利亚海带森林恢复进行了空间明确的效益-成本分析，以探索成本和效益的变化如何为恢复策略的优先级提供信息。生态系统恢复的成本是根据从每个地点剔除过剩海胆的时间和主动海带恢复的成本来计算的。我们发现，在大范围（3291公顷）投资海带林恢复的正收益成本比为1.10（其中1.0为收支平衡）。由于预测海带生物量的变化和氮储存效益（0 - 105,000美元/公顷）的变化，效益-成本比（0.33至3.4）在不同地点有很大的差异。对于扑杀成本，这取决于海胆密度、深度（潜水时间）和到达地点的旅行时间。考虑到这种变化，我们考虑了另一种情况，即只有回报为正的效益-成本比率的珊瑚礁被恢复（1,221公顷），这将从4390万美元的投资中获得9210万美元的效益，并将导致效益-成本比为2.10。该研究展示了空间优先排序如何指导海洋生态系统恢复投资，以实现投资回报最大化。然而，尽管海带恢复被证明是有益的，但实现其潜力将需要强有力的资助机制（可能是通过基于市场的激励机制），而这正是目前所缺乏的。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating ecosystem service assessments into development planning − impact from a dredging project in South Australia on seagrass 将生态系统服务评估纳入发展规划-南澳大利亚疏浚项目对海草的影响

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecosystem Services

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101738

Sam Gaylard , Rachel Colella , Matt Nelson , Paul Lavery , Michelle Waycott

Major infrastructure development is required for economic development and to improve human well-being, however conflict exists between developers and the community. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is used in over 100 countries to evaluate potential impacts of major developments across environment, economy, and social benchmarks. However, EIA has been criticized for a lack of transparency and accountability, lack of consultation or participation and inadequate science. An ecosystem service assessment (ESA) recognizes the links between the environment and the socio-economic environment, resulting in a more holistic evaluation of potential impacts and effective community consultation. Despite this, its inclusion within EIA’s is rare.

An ESA was trialled within the evaluation stage of an EIA for a large capital dredging project in Adelaide, South Australia, an area dominated by long-lived seagrass. The process highlighted significant value to society from seagrass meadows, delivering provisioning, regulating and cultural services and many of these were at risk from the dredging proposal causing conflict with the community. The ESA provided clarity in links between ecological and social economic systems, assisting genuine and transparent engagement with the stakeholders and community. Monetary valuation of services provided context to decision makers arguing for changes to proposed methodology to protect seagrass and ecosystem services. Changes to the proposal resulted in substantially less seagrass loss than originally proposed, helping protect ecosystem services. This case study demonstrated the benefit of including an ESA into major development planning, increasing transparency, reducing conflict with the community, and assisting in providing a social licence to operate.

经济发展和改善人类福祉需要大型基础设施建设，但开发商和社区之间存在冲突。100多个国家使用环境影响评估（EIA）来评估主要开发项目在环境、经济和社会方面的潜在影响。然而，环境影响评估一直被批评缺乏透明度和问责制，缺乏咨询和参与，缺乏科学依据。生态系统服务评估认识到环境与社会经济环境之间的联系，从而对潜在影响进行更全面的评价，并进行有效的社区协商。尽管如此，将其纳入EIA的情况很少见。在南澳大利亚阿德莱德的一个大型资本疏浚项目的环境影响评估阶段试用了ESA，该地区主要是长寿命的海草。这一过程强调了海草草甸对社会的重要价值，提供供应、管理和文化服务，其中许多服务因疏浚提案而面临风险，导致与社区发生冲突。ESA明确了生态和社会经济系统之间的联系，有助于与利益相关者和社区进行真正和透明的接触。服务的货币评估为决策者提供了背景，他们主张改变保护海草和生态系统服务的拟议方法。对提案的修改大大减少了海草的损失，有助于保护生态系统服务。本案例研究展示了将ESA纳入主要发展规划、增加透明度、减少与社区的冲突以及协助提供运营社会许可证的好处。

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引用次数: 0