Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100552
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi , Azhar Abbas , Muhammad Imran Azeem , Pomi Shahbaz , Shamsheer ul Haq , Roshan K. Nayak
The agricultural sector of Saudi Arabia is particularly susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change due to its prevailing climate and limited water resources. Without the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, farmers may suffer enormous losses. A field survey was conducted in the Madinah region with the aim of analysing the status and factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers as well as their perspective about barriers to adaptation in the country. Data were collected with the help of face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire from 123 randomly selected farmers. Data were analysed using an ordered probit model. The findings reveal that approximately 50% of the crop and livestock producers have moderately adopted to climate change risks. Major factors that affect farmers’ adoption decisions include farmers’ age, education, farm size, farming type (except for livestock herders), extension linkages for crop farmers, availability of veterinary services for livestock farmers, moderate to high level of risk perception and climate change beliefs. A need for increased awareness about climate change vagaries, streamlining extension and veterinary services and promoting technical interventions such as drought- and disease-resistant crop varieties is warranted.
{"title":"Role of risk perception and climate change beliefs in adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Bader Alhafi Alotaibi , Azhar Abbas , Muhammad Imran Azeem , Pomi Shahbaz , Shamsheer ul Haq , Roshan K. Nayak","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The agricultural sector of Saudi Arabia is particularly susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change due to its prevailing climate and limited water resources. Without the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, farmers may suffer enormous losses. A field survey was conducted in the Madinah region with the aim of analysing the status and factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers as well as their perspective about barriers to adaptation in the country. Data were collected with the help of face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire from 123 randomly selected farmers. Data were analysed using an ordered probit model. The findings reveal that approximately 50% of the crop and livestock producers have moderately adopted to climate change risks. Major factors that affect farmers’ adoption decisions include farmers’ age, education, farm size, farming type (except for livestock herders), extension linkages for crop farmers, availability of veterinary services for livestock farmers, moderate to high level of risk perception and climate change beliefs. A need for increased awareness about climate change vagaries, streamlining extension and veterinary services and promoting technical interventions such as drought- and disease-resistant crop varieties is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100557
Iddisah Alhassan , Philip Antwi-Agyei , William Adzawla , Mihaela Sima
To execute effective climate initiatives at all social levels, it is critical to understand the perspectives of various climate-vulnerability groups’ utilization of climate information. However, limited empirical research has been conducted on the perspectives and adaptation methods of climate-vulnerable farmers in Ghana’s Northern Region. This study offered an understanding of the enabling factors that promote the utilization intensity of climate information among farmers from three climate-vulnerability groups. The study employs quantitative and qualitative methods and data collected through face-to-face interview questionnaires from 384 farmer households, five key informants and five focus group discussions among forty-two participants within 6 climatic vulnerable districts. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the types of information accessed and utilized and the enabling factors for its utilization. A double-hurdle regression model was employed to model climate-vulnerable districts’ probability utilization of climate information and intensity. The results show that television programs were the major source of climate information among most farmers in the highly climate-vulnerable groups, whereas it was radio among farmers in the moderately and less climate-vulnerable groups. The moderately climate-vulnerable groups not only have a low probability of utilizing climate information, but they will utilize less of it if they intend to do so, whereas highly climate-vulnerable districts have a lower probability of utilizing but will use more of it if they intend to. Access to climate information through extension services was low among all vulnerable groups. However, farmers who accessed extension services have a high probability of utilizing the information and utilize it more.
{"title":"Factors influencing the access and utilization of climate information by farmers from different climate vulnerable districts of Northern Region, Ghana","authors":"Iddisah Alhassan , Philip Antwi-Agyei , William Adzawla , Mihaela Sima","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To execute effective climate initiatives at all social levels, it is critical to understand the perspectives of various climate-vulnerability groups’ utilization of climate information. However, limited empirical research has been conducted on the perspectives and adaptation methods of climate-vulnerable<!--> <!-->farmers in Ghana’s Northern Region. This study offered an understanding of the enabling factors that promote the utilization intensity of climate information among farmers from three climate-vulnerability groups. The study employs quantitative and qualitative methods and data collected through face-to-face interview questionnaires from 384 farmer households, five key informants and five focus group discussions among forty-two participants within 6 climatic vulnerable districts. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the types of information accessed and utilized and the enabling factors for its utilization. A double-hurdle regression model was employed to model climate-vulnerable districts’ probability utilization of climate information and intensity. The results show that television programs were the major source of climate information among most farmers in the highly climate-vulnerable groups, whereas it was radio among farmers in the moderately and less climate-vulnerable groups. The moderately climate-vulnerable groups not only have a low probability of utilizing climate information, but they will utilize less of it if they intend to do so, whereas highly climate-vulnerable districts have a lower probability of utilizing but will use more of it if they intend to. Access to climate information through extension services was low among all vulnerable groups. However, farmers who accessed extension services have a high probability of utilizing the information and utilize it more.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adapting smallholder rainfed farming systems to climate change requires adoption of technologies that build resilience to climate shocks. One such technology is conservation agriculture, yet its adoption by smallholders in Southern Africa is not widespread. We use incentivized economic field experiments in Zambia to test, ex-ante, whether providing rainfall forecasts and a time-bound learning subsidy can help increase the adoption of conservation agriculture. We found that providing rainfall forecasts predicting low rainfall significantly increased the probability of adopting conservation agriculture by 8 percentage points, while offering a subsidy increased the chances of adoption by 11 percentage points. Bundling rainfall forecasts and subsidies did not significantly influence adoption, perhaps because these were not complementary. Having experienced normal rainfall in the previous experiment round (cropping season) was associated with 6 percentage points higher odds of adopting conservation agriculture, while past exposure to low rainfall significantly reduced the probability of adoption by 6 percentage points. These results suggest that farmers do not expect two subsequent seasons to be the same given the increase in rainfall variability in the region. Other important drivers of adoption are hosting demonstration plots and education level of the participant. These findings provide evidence that providing rainfall forecasts and time-bound learning subsidies may be effective ways to enhance the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zambia and imply a need to reframe conservation agriculture as means to address low and erratic rainfall. Future research can evaluate the persistence of such effects using randomized controlled trials.
{"title":"Rainfall forecasts, learning subsidies and conservation agriculture adoption: Experimental evidence from Zambia","authors":"Hambulo Ngoma , Esau Simutowe , João Vasco Silva , Isaiah Nyagumbo , Kelvin Kalala , Mukwemba Habeenzu , Christian Thierfelder","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adapting smallholder rainfed farming systems to climate change requires adoption of technologies that build resilience to climate shocks. One such technology is conservation agriculture, yet its adoption by smallholders in Southern Africa is not widespread. We use incentivized economic field experiments in Zambia to test, ex-ante, whether providing rainfall forecasts and a time-bound learning subsidy can help increase the adoption of conservation agriculture. We found that providing rainfall forecasts predicting low rainfall significantly increased the probability of adopting conservation agriculture by 8 percentage points, while offering a subsidy increased the chances of adoption by 11 percentage points. Bundling rainfall forecasts and subsidies did not significantly influence adoption, perhaps because these were not complementary. Having experienced normal rainfall in the previous experiment round (cropping season) was associated with 6 percentage points higher odds of adopting conservation agriculture, while past exposure to low rainfall significantly reduced the probability of adoption by 6 percentage points. These results suggest that farmers do not expect two subsequent seasons to be the same given the increase in rainfall variability in the region. Other important drivers of adoption are hosting demonstration plots and education level of the participant. These findings provide evidence that providing rainfall forecasts and time-bound learning subsidies may be effective ways to enhance the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zambia and imply a need to reframe conservation agriculture as means to address low and erratic rainfall. Future research can evaluate the persistence of such effects using randomized controlled trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143232689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100555
Swen Brands , Maialen Iturbide , Jaime Díez González-Pardo , Sixto Herrera , Joaquín Bedia , Rodrigo Manzanas , Esteban Rodríguez-Guisado , Santiago Beguería , Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano , José Manuel Gutiérrez
We evaluate different methodological choices for seasonal drought prediction over the Mediterranean region with the multi-dimensional Standardised Evapotranspiration Precipitation Index accumulated over a 3-month time-scale (SPEI-3), based on the ECMWF SEAS5.1 operational prediction system. We analyse two strategies for constructing the index backfilling data prior to model initialization, using real-time quasi-observations from the ERA5 reanalysis (SPEI-3-R), or model data from previous initializations of the same prediction system (SPEI-3-M), and show that model skill is sensitive to these methodological choices. The long 42-year hindcast/prediction record available for this model (1981–2022) allows for a robust skill assessment. A window of significant skill, extending from May to October, is detected over the Iberian Peninsula. This window arises from the cumulative and multivariate nature of the index and cannot entirely be explained by the individual skill of the components, nor by the warming trend during the validation period. Based on these results, seasonal drought predictions relying on the SPEI are currently being enabled in the framework of a new generation of climate services developed in Spain. These go beyond alternative applications available to-date, which usually rely on simpler indices and/or shorter model verification periods.
{"title":"Seasonal drought predictions in the Mediterranean using the SPEI index: Paving the way for their operational applicability in climate services","authors":"Swen Brands , Maialen Iturbide , Jaime Díez González-Pardo , Sixto Herrera , Joaquín Bedia , Rodrigo Manzanas , Esteban Rodríguez-Guisado , Santiago Beguería , Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano , José Manuel Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We evaluate different methodological choices for seasonal drought prediction over the Mediterranean region with the multi-dimensional Standardised Evapotranspiration Precipitation Index accumulated over a 3-month time-scale (SPEI-3), based on the ECMWF SEAS5.1 operational prediction system. We analyse two strategies for constructing the index backfilling data prior to model initialization, using real-time quasi-observations from the ERA5 reanalysis (SPEI-3-R), or model data from previous initializations of the same prediction system (SPEI-3-M), and show that model skill is sensitive to these methodological choices. The long 42-year hindcast/prediction record available for this model (1981–2022) allows for a robust skill assessment. A window of significant skill, extending from May to October, is detected over the Iberian Peninsula. This window arises from the cumulative and multivariate nature of the index and cannot entirely be explained by the individual skill of the components, nor by the warming trend during the validation period. Based on these results, seasonal drought predictions relying on the SPEI are currently being enabled in the framework of a new generation of climate services developed in Spain. These go beyond alternative applications available to-date, which usually rely on simpler indices and/or shorter model verification periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of climatic trends and variability on main livelihood practices (crop production), as well as farmers’ perceptions and adaptation to local climate change in West Arsi zone. The data gathered from 354 of the 364 sample households who took part in the survey in six Kebeles utilizing a standardized questionnaire served as the basis for this investigation. Ten surveys with incomplete responses were removed from the data analysis after the responses were reviewed for completeness across all questionnaire sections. Key informant interviews, focus groups, meteorological data from the Ethiopian Meteorological Institute, crop and aid beneficiary data from the West Arsi zone Bureau of Agriculture and Office for Disaster Risk Management were also used in the study. The Mann–Kendall statistical test was used to analyze climate trends. The descriptive and multivariate statistical models in SPSS v.25 and Ms Excel soft wares were used to analyze data. The results indicated significant increase in aggregated mean annual temperature (p < 0.001) by 0.045 °C per year and annual rainfall showed significant decrease (p < 0.1) by 3.7 mm per year in the study area, over the period 1983 to 2019. The results indicates annual rainfall was a significant predictor of crop production (t = 15.24, p < 0.05), and revealed a significant differences in household adaptation practices (p < 0.001) between agro ecological zones. The study also revealed that household demographic and socio-economic factors significantly influenced their adaptation choices, highlighting the need for further research on interventions that enhance local adaptation strategies.
本研究旨在评估气候趋势和变率对西阿尔西地区主要生计方式（作物生产）的影响，以及农民对当地气候变化的认知和适应。在六个Kebeles参加调查的364个样本家庭中，354个家庭使用标准化问卷收集的数据作为本调查的基础。在对所有问卷部分的回复进行完整性审查后，从数据分析中删除了十个回复不完整的调查。该研究还使用了主要线人访谈、焦点小组、来自埃塞俄比亚气象研究所的气象数据、来自西阿尔西地区农业局和灾害风险管理办公室的作物和援助受益人数据。曼-肯德尔统计检验用于分析气候趋势。采用SPSS v.25和Ms Excel软件中的描述性和多元统计模型对数据进行分析。结果表明，年平均气温(p <；0.001)，年降雨量显著减少(p <；在1983年至2019年期间，研究区域每年上升3.7毫米（0.1）。结果表明，年降雨量是作物产量的显著预测因子(t = 15.24, p <；0.05)，并揭示了家庭适应实践的显著差异(p <；0.001)。该研究还表明，家庭人口和社会经济因素显著影响了他们的适应选择，强调需要进一步研究加强地方适应战略的干预措施。
{"title":"Effect of climate change and variability-induced shocks and stresses on rural household livelihoods and their adaptation practices in West Arsi Zone, South-Central Ethiopia","authors":"Abebe Engda , Fantaw Yimer , Muluken Mekuyie , Menfese Tadesse","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of climatic trends and variability on main livelihood practices (crop production), as well as farmers’ perceptions and adaptation to local climate change in West Arsi zone. The data gathered from 354 of the 364 sample households who took part in the survey in six <em>Kebeles</em> utilizing a standardized questionnaire served as the basis for this investigation. Ten surveys with incomplete responses were removed from the data analysis after the responses were reviewed for completeness across all questionnaire sections. Key informant interviews, focus groups, meteorological data from the Ethiopian Meteorological Institute, crop and aid beneficiary data from the West Arsi zone Bureau of Agriculture and Office for Disaster Risk Management were also used in the study. The Mann–Kendall statistical test was used to analyze climate trends. The descriptive and multivariate statistical models in SPSS v.25 and Ms Excel soft wares were used to analyze data. The results indicated significant increase in aggregated mean annual temperature (p < 0.001) by 0.045 °C per year and annual rainfall showed significant decrease (p < 0.1) by 3.7 mm per year in the study area, over the period 1983 to 2019. The results indicates annual rainfall was a significant predictor of crop production (t = 15.24, p < 0.05), and revealed a significant differences in household adaptation practices (p < 0.001) between agro ecological zones. The study also revealed that household demographic and socio-economic factors significantly influenced their adaptation choices, highlighting the need for further research on interventions that enhance local adaptation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100575
Maria del Pozo Garcia , Judith Gulikers , Bregje van der Bolt , Wouter Smolenaars , Estella Oncins , Perry den Brok , Fulco Ludwig
Defining and categorizing users within climate services is essential for effective capacity building, yet existing classifications remain ambiguous, particularly regarding their roles in collaborative processes. While the literature commonly categorizes users based on their roles in the production chain—from data providers to end-users— there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of these roles, particularly in relation to the knowledge and skills required for capacity building. This study aims to systematically identify and distinguish different target groups within climate services and identify the specific competencies required for effective participation. Using the Delphi method, we engaged a panel of expert trainers from CS capacity-building programs in three rounds of questionnaires. These questionnaires were designed to explore and refine their understanding of key target groups and the knowledge and skills required for each. Additionally, we assessed the trainers’ confidence levels in their evaluations of these aspects. Our findings establish a consensus on four primary target groups—Producers, Intermediaries, Enablers, and Reach-Out—each encompassing distinct sub-groups. Despite some overlap, the fourteen identified sub-groups possess unique knowledge and skills essential for the collaborative climate services. The results underscore the diversity of target groups in the climate production chain and highlight the necessity for tailored capacity building programs to address their specific needs. By enhancing the understanding of target audiences, climate services training initiatives can more effectively support the development of relevant competencies, ultimately strengthening the collaboration needed for climate services.
{"title":"Structuring climate service user groups for capacity building: A European Delphi-based approach","authors":"Maria del Pozo Garcia , Judith Gulikers , Bregje van der Bolt , Wouter Smolenaars , Estella Oncins , Perry den Brok , Fulco Ludwig","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defining and categorizing users within climate services is essential for effective capacity building, yet existing classifications remain ambiguous, particularly regarding their roles in collaborative processes. While the literature commonly categorizes users based on their roles in the production chain—from data providers to end-users— there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of these roles, particularly in relation to the knowledge and skills required for capacity building. This study aims to systematically identify and distinguish different target groups within climate services and identify the specific competencies required for effective participation. Using the Delphi method, we engaged a panel of expert trainers from CS capacity-building programs in three rounds of questionnaires. These questionnaires were designed to explore and refine their understanding of key target groups and the knowledge and skills required for each. Additionally, we assessed the trainers’ confidence levels in their evaluations of these aspects. Our findings establish a consensus on four primary target groups—Producers, Intermediaries, Enablers, and Reach-Out—each encompassing distinct sub-groups. Despite some overlap, the fourteen identified sub-groups possess unique knowledge and skills essential for the collaborative climate services. The results underscore the diversity of target groups in the climate production chain and highlight the necessity for tailored capacity building programs to address their specific needs. By enhancing the understanding of target audiences, climate services training initiatives can more effectively support the development of relevant competencies, ultimately strengthening the collaboration needed for climate services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-05-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100569
Tanaya Sarmah , Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan , Abdullah Konak , Elisabeth Shrimpton , Karina Simone Sass , Marina Batalini De Macedo , Eduardo Mario Mendiondo , Adelaide Cassia Nardocci , Da Huo , Michael Gregory Jacobson
Water-related stresses and risks of droughts, exacerbated by climate change, have been extensively documented. These studies often rely on various indicators to monitor and forecast the impacts of droughts. However, current literature on the usability of these indicators for modelling drought risk and in decision-making processes is fragmented and lacks a clear, systematic, and methodological approach. Usability, in this context, refers to the relevance, accessibility, clarity, and practicality of indicators for guiding planning strategies. To address this knowledge gap, the Management of Disaster Risk and Societal Resilience (MADIS)1 project aims to collate and assess drought vulnerability and resilience indicators from existing literature to support decision-makers in improving policies related to agricultural droughts on small farms.
The MADIS project identified over 100 indicators, from which 36 were selected for further analysis. A global online survey using the Delphi technique was conducted, and the resulting data was used to perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Findings revealed that these 36 indicators could be reduced and grouped up to ten principal components, each corresponding to a theme across five categories: relevancy, understanding, accessibility, objectivity, and temporal. This study, therefore, highlights the practical usability of these indicators for developing context-specific and efficient resilience strategies.
Indicators related to water management were found to be crucial and applicable across all five categories, as the availability, quality, and source of water are essential for monitoring and mitigating drought hazards. Conversely, indicators related to rural development and demographics, while quantifiable and collected at different temporal scales, were deemed less understandable and accessible by experts. Grouping indicators under common themes reduces the complexity of evaluating similar indicators and aids in selecting the most relevant ones for different contexts. This approach simplifies indicator selection and enables decision-makers to formulate resilience policies more efficiently and comprehensively.
{"title":"Usability of agricultural drought vulnerability and resilience indicators in planning strategies for small farms: A principal component approach","authors":"Tanaya Sarmah , Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan , Abdullah Konak , Elisabeth Shrimpton , Karina Simone Sass , Marina Batalini De Macedo , Eduardo Mario Mendiondo , Adelaide Cassia Nardocci , Da Huo , Michael Gregory Jacobson","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-related stresses and risks of droughts, exacerbated by climate change, have been extensively documented. These studies often rely on various indicators to monitor and forecast the impacts of droughts. However, current literature on the usability of these indicators for modelling drought risk and in decision-making processes is fragmented and lacks a clear, systematic, and methodological approach. Usability, in this context, refers to the relevance, accessibility, clarity, and practicality of indicators for guiding planning strategies. To address this knowledge gap, the Management of Disaster Risk and Societal Resilience (MADIS)<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> project aims to collate and assess drought vulnerability and resilience indicators from existing literature to support decision-makers in improving policies related to agricultural droughts on small farms.</div><div>The MADIS project identified over 100 indicators, from which 36 were selected for further analysis. A global online survey using the Delphi technique was conducted, and the resulting data was used to perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Findings revealed that these 36 indicators could be reduced and grouped up to ten principal components, each corresponding to a theme across five categories: relevancy, understanding, accessibility, objectivity, and temporal. This study, therefore, highlights the practical usability of these indicators for developing context-specific and efficient resilience strategies.</div><div>Indicators related to water management were found to be crucial and applicable across all five categories, as the availability, quality, and source of water are essential for monitoring and mitigating drought hazards. Conversely, indicators related to rural development and demographics, while quantifiable and collected at different temporal scales, were deemed less understandable and accessible by experts. Grouping indicators under common themes reduces the complexity of evaluating similar indicators and aids in selecting the most relevant ones for different contexts. This approach simplifies indicator selection and enables decision-makers to formulate resilience policies more efficiently and comprehensively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100550
Iftikhar Ali , Ashfaq Ahmad Shah , Bader Alhafi Alotaibi , Chong Xu , Amjad Ali , Yousuf Ali
Small landholders in Pakistan’s high mountainous regions face significant challenges in adapting to the impacts of climate change. This study investigates the adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers to address these challenges and identifies the household-level factors influencing these strategies in Nagar Valley. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured survey involving 430 households. Data are analyzed using bivariate and probit regression models. The study reveals that smallholder farmers adopt various strategies to cope with climate change, including using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, practicing crop rotation, and transitioning to horticulture. The findings of the multivariate probit model demonstrate a significant association between age, gender, education, and the likelihood of adopting adaptation strategies. The study advocates for developing context-specific climate adaptation strategies tailored to these regions’ unique agroecological zones to enhance small landholders’ resilience against climate change impacts. It also emphasizes the need to raise awareness among smallholders about modern, climate-smart agricultural practices and adaptive strategies.
{"title":"Unveiling the determinants of climate change adaptation among small Landholders: Insights from a Mountainous Region in Pakistan","authors":"Iftikhar Ali , Ashfaq Ahmad Shah , Bader Alhafi Alotaibi , Chong Xu , Amjad Ali , Yousuf Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small landholders in Pakistan’s high mountainous regions face significant challenges in adapting to the impacts of climate change. This study investigates the adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers to address these challenges and identifies the household-level factors influencing these strategies in Nagar Valley. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured survey involving 430 households. Data are analyzed using bivariate and probit regression models. The study reveals that smallholder farmers adopt various strategies to cope with climate change, including using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, practicing crop rotation, and transitioning to horticulture. The findings of the multivariate probit model demonstrate a significant association between age, gender, education, and the likelihood of adopting adaptation strategies. The study advocates for developing context-specific climate adaptation strategies tailored to these regions’ unique agroecological zones to enhance small landholders’ resilience against climate change impacts. It also emphasizes the need to raise awareness among smallholders about modern, climate-smart agricultural practices and adaptive strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100577
Christopher R. Goddard , Galina Guentchev , Erika J. Palin , Mark Harrison , Jason A. Lowe , Tyrone Dunbar , Elizabeth Fuller , Chris Counsell , John Dora , Tim Reeder
Upscaling is the process of moving beyond pilots or prototypes to repeatable and/or transferable services that are accessible and useful to stakeholders and users. It may also refer to increasing the provision, reach, or impact of an existing service. Upscaling any service or product is a complex process, which – in the case of climate services – is exacerbated by serving an emerging market, and many projects taking place in academic settings with short term funding cycles. Climate service providers, their delivery partners and funders could benefit from increased reach and impact by explicitly considering how their services can scale and what the enablers and barriers to this may be. This could take the form of reviewing academic literature, applying structured frameworks, or learning from best practice examples.
Here, we describe the process of creating, testing, and refining an upscaling approach for climate services. The resulting approach is presented, alongside case studies that helped update it and provide evidence for its usefulness and useability. This detailed study of upscaling climate services sets the foundation for effective and sustainable provision of climate services beyond pilots and prototypes and further development of upscaling frameworks and tools to this end.
{"title":"Creating and testing an approach for upscaling climate services","authors":"Christopher R. Goddard , Galina Guentchev , Erika J. Palin , Mark Harrison , Jason A. Lowe , Tyrone Dunbar , Elizabeth Fuller , Chris Counsell , John Dora , Tim Reeder","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upscaling is the process of moving beyond pilots or prototypes to repeatable and/or transferable services that are accessible and useful to stakeholders and users. It may also refer to increasing the provision, reach, or impact of an existing service. Upscaling any service or product is a complex process, which – in the case of climate services – is exacerbated by serving an emerging market, and many projects taking place in academic settings with short term funding cycles. Climate service providers, their delivery partners and funders could benefit from increased reach and impact by explicitly considering how their services can scale and what the enablers and barriers to this may be. This could take the form of reviewing academic literature, applying structured frameworks, or learning from best practice examples.</div><div>Here, we describe the process of creating, testing, and refining an upscaling approach for climate services. The resulting approach is presented, alongside case studies that helped update it and provide evidence for its usefulness and useability. This detailed study of upscaling climate services sets the foundation for effective and sustainable provision of climate services beyond pilots and prototypes and further development of upscaling frameworks and tools to this end.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100533
Mohi ud Din , Aqeel Ahmad , Sarminah Samad , Sanghyeop Lee , Heesup Han
<div><div>This study provides a sociological investigation into the interconnected dynamics of green human resource management practices (GHRM), green transformational leadership (GTL), employees’ pro-environmental behaviors (EPB), green culture (GC), and environmental sustainability (ES) within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan. Utilizing a sample of 357 participants, comprising HR managers, leaders, and employees within SMEs, data were collected through self-report measures, and analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 4.0 software. The results underscore the positive impact of GHRM on EPB and ES through serial mediation of EPB and GC within SMEs, emphasizing the role of GHRM in cultivating pro-environmental attitudes among employees and enhancing overall environmental sustainability. However, the correlation between GHRM and the development of GC was found to be insignificant, suggesting the need to explore additional variables for fostering a green culture within organizations. Furthermore, the study reveals that EPB serves as a partial mediator between GHRM and both ES and GC. Notably, green transformational leadership (GTL) did not exhibit a significant moderating effect on the relationship between GHRM and EPB. This research provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to enhance environmental sustainability by promoting pro-environmental behaviors among employees and emphasizes the importance of cultivating a pervasive green culture to fully leverage the potential of GHRM practices. Despite acknowledging limitations such as a singular country focus and reliance on self-reported data, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of these phenomena within the sociocultural context of SMEs, thus augmenting the existing literature.</div></div><div><h3>Practical Implications</h3><div>This study provides practical guidance for HR professionals and organizational leaders in the SME sector looking to implement strategic Green HRM interventions. By recognizing the positive impact of Green HRM practices on pro-environmental behavior and environmental sustainability, organizations can develop specific initiatives to encourage environmentally responsible behavior among their employees. Moreover, the research underscores the importance of cultivating a green organizational culture through the promotion of pro-environmental behavior and green initiatives. Organizations can use these insights to design awareness campaigns, training programs, and workshops that instill a sense of environmental responsibility, ultimately fostering a culture of sustainability. A significant practical implication of this study is the emphasis on employee engagement and empowerment in driving sustainability initiatives. By involving employees in decision-making processes and providing opportunities for them to participate in green projects, organizations can tap into their enthusiasm and commitment toward en
{"title":"Sowing the seeds of sustainability: A sociological exploration of environmental sustainability within SME sector","authors":"Mohi ud Din , Aqeel Ahmad , Sarminah Samad , Sanghyeop Lee , Heesup Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a sociological investigation into the interconnected dynamics of green human resource management practices (GHRM), green transformational leadership (GTL), employees’ pro-environmental behaviors (EPB), green culture (GC), and environmental sustainability (ES) within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan. Utilizing a sample of 357 participants, comprising HR managers, leaders, and employees within SMEs, data were collected through self-report measures, and analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 4.0 software. The results underscore the positive impact of GHRM on EPB and ES through serial mediation of EPB and GC within SMEs, emphasizing the role of GHRM in cultivating pro-environmental attitudes among employees and enhancing overall environmental sustainability. However, the correlation between GHRM and the development of GC was found to be insignificant, suggesting the need to explore additional variables for fostering a green culture within organizations. Furthermore, the study reveals that EPB serves as a partial mediator between GHRM and both ES and GC. Notably, green transformational leadership (GTL) did not exhibit a significant moderating effect on the relationship between GHRM and EPB. This research provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to enhance environmental sustainability by promoting pro-environmental behaviors among employees and emphasizes the importance of cultivating a pervasive green culture to fully leverage the potential of GHRM practices. Despite acknowledging limitations such as a singular country focus and reliance on self-reported data, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of these phenomena within the sociocultural context of SMEs, thus augmenting the existing literature.</div></div><div><h3>Practical Implications</h3><div>This study provides practical guidance for HR professionals and organizational leaders in the SME sector looking to implement strategic Green HRM interventions. By recognizing the positive impact of Green HRM practices on pro-environmental behavior and environmental sustainability, organizations can develop specific initiatives to encourage environmentally responsible behavior among their employees. Moreover, the research underscores the importance of cultivating a green organizational culture through the promotion of pro-environmental behavior and green initiatives. Organizations can use these insights to design awareness campaigns, training programs, and workshops that instill a sense of environmental responsibility, ultimately fostering a culture of sustainability. A significant practical implication of this study is the emphasis on employee engagement and empowerment in driving sustainability initiatives. By involving employees in decision-making processes and providing opportunities for them to participate in green projects, organizations can tap into their enthusiasm and commitment toward en","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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