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Low-temperature electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices: bulk and interfacial properties 电化学储能装置用低温电解质:体积和界面特性
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf943
Long Yang, Ming Chen, Taizheng Wu, Liang Niu, Liang Zeng, Guang Feng
Abstract The optimization of electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) for low-temperature conditions is crucial in light of the growing demand for convenient living in such environments. Sluggish ion transport or the freezing of electrolytes at the electrode-electrolyte interface are the primary factors that limit the performance of EES under low temperatures, leading to fading of capacity and instability in device performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of antifreeze strategies for various electrolytes (including aqueous electrolytes, organic electrolytes, and ionic liquids), and optimization methods for ion transport at the electrolyte-electrode. Additionally, the main challenges and forward-looking views are highlighted on the design and development of low-temperature electrolytes and EES devices.
摘要:随着人们对低温环境的需求日益增长,优化低温环境下的电化学储能装置(EES)至关重要。离子传输缓慢或电解质在电极-电解质界面的冻结是限制EES在低温下性能的主要因素,导致容量衰退和器件性能不稳定。本文综述了各种电解质(包括水电解质、有机电解质和离子液体)的防冻策略,以及离子在电解质电极上传输的优化方法。此外,强调了低温电解质和EES设备的设计和开发的主要挑战和前瞻性观点。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible capacitive and piezoresistive pressure sensors based on screen-printed parylene C/polyurethane composites in low-pressure range 基于丝网印刷聚对二甲苯/聚氨酯复合材料的低压范围柔性电容和压阻压力传感器
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf774
Sedat Kurnaz, Ozgür Ozturk, Ali Hazar Mehmet, Utku Guduloglu, Nurdane Yilmaz, Osman Cicek
Abstract The use of polymers to fabricate flexible pressure sensors as an alternative to conventional pressure sensors has led to the development of physiological monitoring of human body and the electronic skin. In particular, the fabrication of flexible capacitive and piezoresistive sensors using a variety of materials and the investigation of their electromechanical properties are further developments in these fields. Herein, parylene C is synthesized via chemical vapor deposition method. Pressure-sensitive inks are prepared with a composite of parylene C, polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate, and activated carbon at certain weight ratios. Flexible capacitive and piezoresistive pressure sensors are fabricated by the screen printing method. The sensitivity, detection limit, linearity range, and response/relaxation time, which define the capacitive and piezoresistive properties are investigated and presented in this paper. The sensitivities of the flexible capacitive and piezoresistive pressure sensors are 0.124 kPa −1 and 0.074 kPa −1 in the pressure range of 0.07–1.39 kPa. This study enables parylene C to be used in the composite structure and shows that it can be used not only as a protective layer but also in flexible pressure sensor applications. It also ensures that the design of the flexible capacitance pressure sensor can measure low pressure with high sensitivity compared to the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor.
摘要:利用聚合物制造柔性压力传感器替代传统压力传感器,促进了人体生理监测和电子皮肤的发展。特别是,利用各种材料制造柔性电容式和压阻式传感器及其机电性能的研究是这些领域的进一步发展。本文采用化学气相沉积法合成了聚对二甲苯。压敏油墨是由聚对二甲苯、聚氨酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和活性炭按一定的重量比混合而成的。柔性电容式和压阻式压力传感器是用丝网印刷方法制造的。灵敏度、检出限、线性范围和响应/弛豫时间决定了电容性和压阻性。在0.07 ~ 1.39 kPa的压力范围内,柔性电容式和压阻式压力传感器的灵敏度分别为0.124 kPa−1和0.074 kPa−1。该研究使聚对二甲苯C能够用于复合材料结构,并表明它不仅可以用作保护层,还可以用于柔性压力传感器。这也保证了柔性电容式压力传感器的设计与柔性压阻式压力传感器相比,能够以高灵敏度测量低压。
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引用次数: 0
High resistivity free-standing crosslinked graphene oxide substrates: hopping conduction mechanism and application to recyclable electronics 高电阻率独立交联氧化石墨烯衬底:跳传导机理及其在可回收电子产品中的应用
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf8d5
Anthony Ubah, Nima Zakeri, Marta Cerruti, Thomas Szkopek
Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene that can be formed into free-standing wafers by aqueous processing methods. We propose GO as a potential alternative printed electronic substrate material to mitigate the waste electronic and electrical equipment problem. By dissolving these substrates in water, GO permits the mechanical separation and recovery of discrete components from defunct circuits, thus closing the life cycle of printed circuits. In this work we measure the anisotropic, frequency dependent resistivity of free-standing GO wafers under DC and AC ( f = 0.1 Hz–500 kHz) excitation and in varying relative humidity (RH) conditions. Unmodified GO and GO crosslinked with calcium ions, borate ions, and glutaraldehyde were characterized. AC resistivity measurements reveal charge transport in free-standing GO occurs by several distinct hopping conduction mechanisms that are sensitive to the crosslinking formulation. GO crosslinked with calcium ions exhibits the highest DC resistivity, 4.6 × 10 5 Ωm and 2.6 × 10 4 Ωm, for out-of-plane and in-plane directions, respectively, at 17% RH. Both AC and DC resistivities decrease with increasing RH. We demonstrate that GO wafers can be used as dielectric substrates in the construction of simple electronic circuits with discrete electronic components. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept for electrical trace and component recovery via disassembly of GO wafers in water.
氧化石墨烯(GO)是石墨烯的氧化衍生物,可以通过水处理方法形成独立的晶圆。我们建议氧化石墨烯作为潜在的替代印刷电子衬底材料,以减轻废弃电子和电气设备的问题。通过将这些基板溶解在水中,氧化石墨烯允许从失效电路中机械分离和恢复离散元件,从而关闭印刷电路的生命周期。在这项工作中,我们测量了独立GO晶圆在直流和交流(f = 0.1 Hz-500 kHz)激励和不同相对湿度(RH)条件下的各向异性、频率相关电阻率。对未改性氧化石墨烯和与钙离子、硼酸盐离子和戊二醛交联的氧化石墨烯进行了表征。交流电阻率测量表明,独立氧化石墨烯中的电荷输运是通过几种不同的跳跃传导机制发生的,这些机制对交联配方很敏感。当相对湿度为17%时,与钙离子交联的氧化石墨烯在面外和平面内的直流电阻率分别为4.6 × 10 5 Ωm和2.6 × 10 4 Ωm。交流电阻率和直流电阻率都随相对湿度的增加而降低。我们证明了氧化石墨烯晶圆可以用作介质衬底,用于构建具有离散电子元件的简单电子电路。最后,我们提出了通过在水中拆卸氧化石墨烯晶圆来实现电痕迹和组件回收的概念验证。
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引用次数: 0
Partially insoluble regenerated silk fibroin film induced by UV irradiation for electronic skins 紫外线辐照致电子皮肤用部分不溶性再生丝素膜
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acfb1e
Fangmiao Song, Mengyuan Zhou, Wei Sun, Yan Qiao, Zhisong Lu
Abstract The regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) film has been regarded as an ideal substrate for biocompatible, flexible, and biodegradable electronic skin (e-skin) devices. However, it is still a great challenge to balance the flexibility and solubility of the RSF film by adjusting its secondary structure. Herein, a film prepared with the hydrolyzed RSF was exposed to the 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light to prepare a crosslinked and partially water-insoluble substrate for a strain-sensing e-skin. The hydrolyzed low-molecular-weight RSF was produced by heating the LiBr-silk fibroin solution at 85 °C for a certain duration. The film cast with the hydrolyzed RSF solution could be thoroughly dissolved in water rapidly. The UV irradiation could induce the crosslinking of the low-molecular-weight RSF to form insoluble substances, thus producing a partially insoluble RSF film. After silver nanowires painting, an e-skin strain sensor was successfully constructed based on the UV-irradiated film. The sensor shows a fast response time (2.01 s), high sensitivity (GF = 1.03 within 0%–40% strain range), and good stability. The device could be tightly attached to human skin with a drop of water. The finger, wrist, elbow, and knee bending could be sensitively detected in real-time. The head nodding and mouth opening could also be sensed by sticking the e-skin at the neck and cheek, respectively. This work may provide a facile way to prepare a stretchable and stickable RSF film, which could serve as an ideal substrate of low-cost, biodegradable, direct-to-skin sensors for wearable applications.
摘要再生丝素(RSF)膜被认为是生物相容性、柔性和可生物降解的电子皮肤(e-skin)设备的理想底物。然而,通过调整其二级结构来平衡RSF膜的柔韧性和溶解度仍然是一个很大的挑战。在此,将水解的RSF制备的薄膜暴露在254 nm紫外线(UV)光下,制备了用于应变传感电子皮肤的交联部分不溶于水的底物。通过在85°C下加热一定时间,制备了水解的低分子量RSF。用RSF水解液浇铸的膜能迅速完全溶解于水中。紫外线照射可诱导低分子量RSF发生交联形成不溶性物质,从而形成部分不溶性RSF膜。将银纳米线涂覆后,成功构建了基于uv辐射膜的电子皮肤应变传感器。该传感器具有响应时间快(2.01 s)、灵敏度高(在0% ~ 40%应变范围内GF = 1.03)、稳定性好等特点。该装置可以用一滴水紧紧附着在人体皮肤上。手指、手腕、肘部和膝盖的弯曲可以实时灵敏地检测到。将电子皮肤分别贴在脖子和脸颊上,也能感应到头部点头和嘴巴张开的动作。这项工作可能为制备可拉伸和可粘附的RSF薄膜提供了一种简便的方法,该薄膜可以作为可穿戴应用的低成本、可生物降解、直接接触皮肤传感器的理想衬底。
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引用次数: 0
Recent progress in hole-transporting materials and inkjet-printing QLEDs 空穴传输材料与喷墨打印qled的研究进展
IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf508
Liming Xie, Wenming Su
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted a great deal of interests due to their unique advantages such as tunable spectrum, high color saturation, compatibility with low-cost inkjet-printing (IJP) technology and potential for use in large-area full-color pixelated display. To date, the efficiency and lifetime of red, green, and blue QLEDs have been significantly improved, in which hole-transporting materials (HTMs) play the key role in determining the device performance. In this review, we highlight to summarize the diverse types of HTMs in QLEDs, including small-organic materials, polymers, crosslinkable materials and inorganic p-type semiconductors, and their properties such as charge carrier mobility, thermal stability, and structural configuration are also reviewed. The significant effects of these properties on device performances are discussed, which would help to understand device physics and improve their performances and reliability of QLEDs. In addition, the development of IJP for QLEDs fabrication and the influence factors of IJP on quantum dot film-forming property are also reviewed, in an effort to provide guidance to continue the advancement of QLED displays.
量子点发光二极管(QLED)由于其独特的优点,如光谱可调、高色饱和度、与低成本喷墨打印(IJP)技术的兼容性以及在大面积全色像素化显示器中的应用潜力,吸引了人们的极大兴趣。到目前为止,红色、绿色和蓝色QLED的效率和寿命已经显著提高,其中空穴传输材料(HTM)在决定器件性能方面发挥着关键作用。在这篇综述中,我们重点总结了QLED中各种类型的HTM,包括小型有机材料、聚合物、可交联材料和无机p型半导体,并对它们的性质如电荷载流子迁移率、热稳定性和结构配置进行了综述。讨论了这些特性对器件性能的显著影响,这将有助于理解器件物理,提高QLED的性能和可靠性。此外,还综述了用于QLED制造的IJP的发展以及IJP对量子点成膜性能的影响因素,以期为QLED显示器的继续发展提供指导。
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引用次数: 1
Solution-processed multi-resonance emitters for ultimate displays 用于终极显示器的溶液处理多共振发射器
IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf326
Sichao Ji, Guohua Xie, Qin Xue
Multi-resonance (MR) materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their ability to achieve high color purity emissions with the small full-width at half-maxima (FWHMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which is crucial for wide color-gamut displays. Nowadays, MR emitters covering almost full color have been developed and applied to construct high-performance narrowband OLEDs. From the commercial perspective of device fabrication, compared with the vacuum-deposition technique, solution processes provide the more economical approaches for the production of low-cost and large-area OLED display panels. Since the device performances of solution-processed MR-OLEDs still lag behind those of vacuum-deposited devices, developing MR emitters featuring intrinsically narrow FWHMs, fast reverse intersystem crossing rate, and good solubility are urgently needed in future cost-effective ultrahigh-definition displays. In this focus review, we summarize the recent advances in solution-processable MR-type emitters, especially for the thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. Molecular design, photophysical properties, and solution-processed device performances are correlated. Additionally, the challenges in solution-processed MR-OLEDs and the promising applications of efficient solution-processable MR emitters are also envisaged.
多共振(MR)材料由于能够在有机发光二极管(oled)中以小的半最大值全宽度(FWHMs)实现高色纯度发射而引起了相当大的关注,这对于宽色域显示至关重要。目前,几乎全彩色的磁阻发射体已被开发出来,并应用于高性能窄带oled。从器件制造的商业角度来看,与真空沉积技术相比,溶液工艺为低成本和大面积OLED显示面板的生产提供了更经济的方法。由于溶液处理的MR- oled器件性能仍落后于真空沉积器件,因此在未来高性价比的超高清显示中,迫切需要开发具有固有窄fwhm、快速反向系统间穿越速率和良好溶解度的MR发射体。本文综述了溶液处理mr型发光体的最新研究进展,特别是热激活延迟荧光分子。分子设计,光物理性质,和溶液处理的器件性能是相关的。此外,还设想了溶液处理MR- oled的挑战和高效溶液处理MR发射器的有前途的应用。
{"title":"Solution-processed multi-resonance emitters for ultimate displays","authors":"Sichao Ji, Guohua Xie, Qin Xue","doi":"10.1088/2058-8585/acf326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/acf326","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-resonance (MR) materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their ability to achieve high color purity emissions with the small full-width at half-maxima (FWHMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which is crucial for wide color-gamut displays. Nowadays, MR emitters covering almost full color have been developed and applied to construct high-performance narrowband OLEDs. From the commercial perspective of device fabrication, compared with the vacuum-deposition technique, solution processes provide the more economical approaches for the production of low-cost and large-area OLED display panels. Since the device performances of solution-processed MR-OLEDs still lag behind those of vacuum-deposited devices, developing MR emitters featuring intrinsically narrow FWHMs, fast reverse intersystem crossing rate, and good solubility are urgently needed in future cost-effective ultrahigh-definition displays. In this focus review, we summarize the recent advances in solution-processable MR-type emitters, especially for the thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. Molecular design, photophysical properties, and solution-processed device performances are correlated. Additionally, the challenges in solution-processed MR-OLEDs and the promising applications of efficient solution-processable MR emitters are also envisaged.","PeriodicalId":51335,"journal":{"name":"Flexible and Printed Electronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46479195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In-situ graphene oxide reduction via inkjet printing using natural reducing inks 使用天然还原油墨通过喷墨打印原位还原氧化石墨烯
IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf143
Junaid Khan, M. Mariatti
The development of eco-friendly alkali lignin-assisted water-based stable graphene oxide (GO) ink presents an innovative approach with the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of printed and flexible electronics through scalable inkjet printing. However, GO lacks conductivity, necessitating an additional reduction step to restore its electrical properties. Traditional reduction methods using toxic agents or high temperatures are not suitable for large-scale manufacturing due to environmental hazards. In-situ reduction techniques using natural substances offer a promising, cost-effective, and continuous solution for precise reduction of GO-printed patterns via inkjet printing. However, limited research has been conducted on natural-based inkjet printable reducing inks. In this work, in-situ inkjet printable natural reducing inks were produced and printed on top of GO-printed patterns to carry out the reduction process. The reduced printed patterns were investigated for structural, functional groups, morphology, and electrical resistance. The ascorbic acid reduced sample showed an increase in the I D/I G ratio from 1.058 to 1.15, and the interlayer distance decreased from 0.395 to 0.385 nm. The atomic force microscope surface analysis showed a significant increase in the mean roughness by three times for the ascorbic acid-reduced sample, indicating success in the reduction process. The ascorbic acid reduced patterns also showed an electrical conductivity of 1250 S m−1 compared to 0.43 S m−1 for unreduced GO printed patterns, indicating restoration of the sp2 hybridised conductive networks.
生态友好型碱木质素辅助水基稳定氧化石墨烯(GO)墨水的开发提出了一种创新的方法,有可能通过可扩展的喷墨打印彻底改变印刷和柔性电子产品的制造。然而,氧化石墨烯缺乏导电性,需要额外的还原步骤来恢复其电性能。传统的使用有毒药剂或高温还原的方法由于环境危害而不适合大规模生产。使用天然物质的原位还原技术为通过喷墨打印精确还原氧化石墨烯印刷图案提供了一种有前途的、具有成本效益的、连续的解决方案。然而,对天然基喷墨可打印还原油墨的研究还很有限。在这项工作中,生产了原位喷墨可打印的天然还原油墨,并将其印刷在go印刷图案上,以进行还原过程。研究了减少的印刷图案的结构、官能团、形态和电阻。抗坏血酸还原样品的I - D/I - G比值从1.058增加到1.15,层间距离从0.395减小到0.385 nm。原子力显微镜表面分析表明,抗坏血酸还原样品的平均粗糙度显着增加了三倍,表明还原过程成功。抗坏血酸还原后的氧化石墨烯印刷图案的电导率为1250 S m−1,而未还原的氧化石墨烯印刷图案的电导率为0.43 S m−1,表明sp2杂化导电网络的恢复。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of methods to quantify silver screen-printed onto cellulosic substrate: towards recycling of printed electronics 纤维素基材丝网印刷银的量化方法研究:印刷电子产品的回收利用
IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acf142
João Henrique Ferreira da Conceição, Mikaël Party, D. Curtil, Lenka Svecova, Nathalie Marlin, Nadège Reverdy-Bruas
The continued progress in electronics technology has led to unsustainable consumption of plastic-based products containing, in their majority, natural finite metallic resources. The substitution of these plastic materials by more sustainable ones, such as cellulosic substrates, is one of many measures applied by the industry to reduce their environmental impact. In this work, due to the lack of information in the literature, a fast and accurate method to measure the amount of metal deposited onto a paper-based substrate is proposed. The development of this method will contribute to the creation of a procedure for determining the quantity of metal present in end-of-life printed electronics. The present work investigates and compares four different methodologies. Image processing and geometrical analyses presented overestimated and non-precise results for printed Ag. A third method based on gravimetric measurements presented to be more accurate compared with the previous methods. The last method based on acid leaching of the printed electronic ashes outcome to be the more precise, reliable and simpler method, and overcomes challenges associated to the printed pattern geometry and the materials used during its production. These results will provide key information for the development of a quantitative methodology to determine the percentage of Ag used in paper-based electronics that can be adapted easily by the industry. Furthermore, this method is a prerequisite for recycling processes devoted to this type of electronics after reaching their end-of-life, considering Ag as one of the major components to be separated and, further, valorized.
电子技术的持续进步导致不可持续地消费以塑料为基础的产品,其中大多数含有自然有限的金属资源。用更可持续的材料(如纤维素基质)替代这些塑料材料,是该行业为减少其对环境的影响而采取的众多措施之一。在这项工作中,由于文献信息的缺乏,提出了一种快速准确的方法来测量沉积在纸基基材上的金属量。这种方法的发展将有助于建立一种程序来确定在寿命结束的印刷电子产品中存在的金属数量。本工作调查和比较了四种不同的方法。图像处理和几何分析结果显示印刷银存在高估和不精确的问题。第三种基于重力测量的方法比以前的方法更精确。最后一种方法基于酸浸的印刷电子灰烬结果是更精确,可靠和简单的方法,克服了与印刷图案几何形状和生产过程中使用的材料相关的挑战。这些结果将为定量方法的发展提供关键信息,以确定在纸质电子产品中使用的银的百分比,这种方法可以很容易地被工业界采用。此外,考虑到银是要分离的主要成分之一,并进一步进行估价,这种方法是在达到其使用寿命结束后专门用于此类电子产品的回收过程的先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of printing techniques for the fabrication of flexible carbon nanotube-based ammonia chemiresistive gas sensors 柔性碳纳米管氨化学气体传感器的打印技术比较
IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acef39
S. Vasquez, M. C. Costa Angeli, M. Petrelli, Mukhtar Ahmad, Bajramshahe Shkodra, Barbara Salonikidou, R. Sporea, A. Rivadeneyra, P. Lugli, L. Petti
Even though a plethora of printing technologies are currently available and their potential for the fabrication of low-cost and flexible sensors has been widely investigated, systematically based, and statistically sustained comparative studies are missing in the literature. In this work, we compare screen, inkjet, and dispense printing for the fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based ammonia (NH3) chemiresistive flexible gas sensors for the first time. Moreover, we report the first CNT-based gas sensor fabricated via Voltera printer. The devices were made of a thin layer of spray-coated CNTs and printed silver-based interdigitated electrodes. To draw a thoughtful comparison the same sensor layout, materials, and fabrication flow were used. The device morphological features were acquired through microscopic, atomic force microscope, and 3D images; additionally, the response to NH3 as well as the printing process characteristics for each technique was analyzed. From 300 µm nominal spacing between lines, we obtained a decrease of 25%, 13%, and 5% on the printed spacings with dispense, screen, and inkjet printing, respectively. At 100 ppm of NH3, a maximum response of 33%, 31%, and 27% with the dispense-, inkjet-, and screen-printed sensors were found, respectively. Statistical differences were observed between the mean values on the NH3 response of dispense- compared to the inkjet- and screen-printed sensors, which in effect showed the highest response in the Tukey test. This demonstrated that the fabrication technique employed can induce a different response mainly driven by the printed outcomes. Following a holistic approach that includes the sensor response, the application, the market perspective, and the process versatility, we suggest screen printing as the most suitable method for CNT-based NH3 gas sensor fabrication.
尽管目前有大量的印刷技术可用,并且它们在制造低成本和柔性传感器方面的潜力已经得到了广泛的研究,但文献中缺乏基于系统和统计的持续比较研究。在这项工作中,我们首次比较了基于碳纳米管(CNT)的氨(NH3)化学电阻柔性气体传感器的丝网印刷、喷墨印刷和分配印刷。此外,我们报道了第一个通过Voltera打印机制造的基于CNT的气体传感器。该器件由喷涂的CNT薄层和印刷的银基叉指状电极制成。为了进行深思熟虑的比较,使用了相同的传感器布局、材料和制造流程。通过显微镜、原子力显微镜和三维图像获取器件的形态特征;此外,还分析了每种技术对NH3的响应以及印刷工艺特性。从300µm的标称线间距开始,我们获得了分配、丝网印刷和喷墨印刷的印刷间距分别减少了25%、13%和5%。在NH3浓度为100ppm时,分别发现分配传感器、喷墨传感器和丝网印刷传感器的最大响应为33%、31%和27%。与喷墨和丝网印刷传感器相比,在分配的NH3响应的平均值之间观察到统计差异,这实际上在Tukey测试中显示出最高的响应。这表明所采用的制造技术可以引起不同的响应,主要由印刷结果驱动。根据包括传感器响应、应用、市场前景和工艺多功能性在内的整体方法,我们建议丝网印刷是制造基于CNT的NH3气体传感器的最合适方法。
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引用次数: 1
Predicting inkjet jetting behavior for viscoelastic inks using machine learning 用机器学习预测粘弹性油墨的喷墨行为
IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1088/2058-8585/acee94
Seongju Kim, Raphaël Wenger, Olivier Bürgy, G. Balestra, Unyong Jeong, Sungjune Jung
Inkjet printing offers significant potential for additive manufacturing technology. However, predicting jetting behavior is challenging because the rheological properties of functional inks commonly used in the industry are overlooked in printability maps that rely on the Ohnesorge and Weber numbers. We present a machine learning-based predictive model for jetting behavior that incorporates the Deborah number, the Ohnesorge number, and the waveform parameters. Ten viscoelastic inks have been prepared and their storage modulus and loss modulus measured, showing good agreement with those obtained by the theoretical Maxwell model. With the relaxation time of the viscoelastic ink obtained by analyzing the Maxwell model equations, the Deborah number could be calculated. We collected a large data set of jetting behaviors of each ink with various waveforms using drop watching system. Three distinct machine learning models were employed to build predictive models. After comparing the prediction accuracy of the machine learning models, we found that multilayer perceptron showed outstanding prediction accuracy. The final predictive model exhibited remarkable accuracy for an unknown ink based on waveform parameters, and the correlation between jetting behavior and ink properties was reasonable. Finally, we developed a printability map characterized by the Ohnesorge and Deborah numbers through the proposed predictive model for viscoelastic fluids and the chosen industrial printhead.
喷墨打印为增材制造技术提供了巨大的潜力。然而,预测喷射行为是具有挑战性的,因为工业中常用的功能性油墨的流变特性在依赖于Ohnesorge和Weber数字的印刷性图中被忽略了。我们提出了一个基于机器学习的喷射行为预测模型,该模型结合了Deborah数、Ohnesorge数和波形参数。制备了10种粘弹性油墨,测定了它们的存储模量和损耗模量,结果与麦克斯韦理论模型吻合较好。通过对麦克斯韦模型方程的分析,得到粘弹性油墨的弛豫时间,从而计算出粘弹性油墨的狄波拉数。我们利用水滴观测系统收集了各种油墨不同波形的喷射行为数据集。三种不同的机器学习模型被用来建立预测模型。通过对机器学习模型的预测精度进行比较,我们发现多层感知器的预测精度较好。最终的预测模型对基于波形参数的未知油墨具有较高的准确性,并且喷射行为与油墨性能之间的相关性是合理的。最后,通过所提出的粘弹性流体预测模型和所选择的工业打印头,我们开发了一个以Ohnesorge和Deborah数字为特征的打印能力图。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Flexible and Printed Electronics
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