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Toward a Family Science Perspective on Executive Compensation in Family Firms: A Review and Research Agenda 家族企业高管薪酬的家族科学视角:回顾与研究议程
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211064410
Anneleen Michiels, Isabel C. Botero, Roland E. Kidwell
In family firms, the family often plays a central role in the strategic decisions of the business. However, until recently, research has primarily focused on exploring the role that business factors play in firm decision-making, with less attention given to the role of the family system. This article reviews the research on executive compensation in family firms to understand whether and how the family system has been considered within this work. Guided by the application of family science theories, we provide a framework to explain why it is important to incorporate the family system in the future study of executive compensation in family firms. We conclude by discussing a research agenda outlining how elements of the family system can be integrated into future executive compensation research to inspire scholars to think differently about this important research topic.
在家族企业中,家族往往在企业的战略决策中发挥着核心作用。然而,直到最近,研究主要集中在探索商业因素在企业决策中的作用,而很少关注家族系统的作用。本文回顾了家族企业高管薪酬的研究,以了解在这项工作中是否以及如何考虑家族制度。在家族科学理论应用的指导下,我们提供了一个框架来解释为什么将家族制度纳入家族企业高管薪酬的未来研究中很重要。最后,我们讨论了一项研究议程,概述了如何将家庭制度的要素纳入未来的高管薪酬研究,以激励学者对这一重要研究主题进行不同的思考。
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引用次数: 5
Willing and Able? The Screening and Adoption of Habitual Family Venture Opportunities 愿意并且有能力?习惯性家庭创业机会的筛选与采用
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211059467
James M. Vardaman, Erik T. Markin, Christopher R. Penney, Laura E. Marler, D. Mckee
This article develops a two-part theoretical framework synthesizing the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective with image theory to explain the ways in which family decision makers screen and potentially adopt habitual new venture opportunities. The model theorizes that opportunities are initially screened according to their ability to preserve SEW and fit with the family’s value images and subsequently explains how SEW willingness interacts with the family entrepreneur’s trajectory and strategic images to predict whether the venture will be pursued as a serial or portfolio opportunity. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are also discussed.
本文发展了一个由两部分组成的理论框架,综合了社会情感财富(SEW)视角和形象理论,以解释家庭决策者筛选和潜在地采用习惯性新风险机会的方式。该模型的理论是,机会最初是根据他们保留SEW和符合家族价值形象的能力来筛选的,随后解释了SEW意愿如何与家族企业家的轨迹和战略形象相互作用,以预测企业是作为系列机会还是投资组合机会。讨论了未来研究的理论意义和方向。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Ownership Structure on Disclosure Quality and Credit Ratings in Family Firms: The Moderating Role of Auditor Choice 股权结构对家族企业信息披露质量和信用评级的影响:审计师选择的调节作用
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211057854
Jengfang Chen, Ni-Yun Chen, Liyu He, C. Patel
Despite the substantial degree of heterogeneity within family firms, little is known about how their heterogeneity affects firm behavior and the implication for the shareholder–debtholder agency problem. Our study contributes to the literature by examining whether family firms with a higher level of control-ownership divergence would disclose less information and whether Big 4 auditors play a moderating role in mitigating the negative impact of control-ownership divergence on disclosure quality resulting in improved credit ratings. Using data from the emerging economy of Taiwan, we provide support for our three hypotheses. Our contributions will interest family firm owners, researchers, auditors, and policymakers.
尽管家族企业内部存在很大程度的异质性,但人们对家族企业的异质性如何影响企业行为及其对股东-债务人代理问题的影响知之甚少。我们的研究通过考察控制-所有权差异水平较高的家族企业是否会披露更少的信息,以及四大会计师事务所是否在缓解控制-所有权差异对披露质量的负面影响(从而提高信用评级)方面发挥了调节作用,从而为文献做出了贡献。利用台湾新兴经济体的数据,我们为我们的三个假设提供了支持。我们的贡献将引起家族企业所有者、研究人员、审计人员和政策制定者的兴趣。
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引用次数: 6
Family Firms, Family Boundary Organizations, and the Family-Related Organizational Ecosystem 家族企业、家族边界组织与家族相关组织生态系统
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211052195
Alfredo De Massis, J. Kotlar, Luca Manelli
While entrepreneurial families often expand their activity over multiple businesses and patrimonial assets, this complexity is rarely addressed in mainstream family business research, where the predominant focus is on the family business or, at best, on the family controlling the operational business. We advance a more holistic understanding of entrepreneurial families that contemplates the variety of assets they create or acquire over time that jointly generate financial and socioemotional wealth for the family, and call for attention to the variety of organizations that entrepreneurial families establish to preserve, manage, and/or administer such assets. We theorize that each of these organizations can be devised as a family boundary organization (FBO), which operates at the interface of the entrepreneurial family and other systems, and such FBOs form a family-related organizational ecosystem. We propose a new framework that extends the scope of research beyond the family business and focuses more directly on entrepreneurial families and on the boundaries between the entrepreneurial family, its multiple assets, and the FBOs in the family-related organizational ecosystem. This framework paves the ground to extend the three-circle model, broadening the scope of family business research to consider a wider range of organizations besides the family firm, such as family foundations, family business foundations, family offices, family holdings, family academies, and family museums. Drawing on the organizational boundaries literature, we integrate organizational boundaries in the theory of the family firm and propose a research agenda to examine the entrepreneurial family and its assets in a broader way.
虽然创业家族通常将其活动扩展到多个企业和继承资产上,但主流家族企业研究很少涉及这种复杂性,因为主流家族企业的主要关注点是家族企业,或者充其量是控制运营企业的家族。我们对创业家庭有了更全面的理解,考虑到他们随着时间的推移创造或获得的各种资产,这些资产共同为家庭创造了经济和社会情感财富,并呼吁关注创业家庭为保护、管理和/或管理这些资产而建立的各种组织。我们的理论是,这些组织中的每一个都可以被设计为家族边界组织(FBO),它在创业家族和其他系统的界面上运作,这些FBO形成了一个与家族相关的组织生态系统。我们提出了一个新的框架,将研究范围扩展到家族企业之外,更直接地关注创业家族,以及创业家族、其多重资产和家族相关组织生态系统中FBO之间的边界。该框架为扩展三环模型奠定了基础,拓宽了家族企业研究的范围,以考虑家族企业之外的更广泛的组织,如家族基金会、家族企业基金会、家庭办公室、家族控股、家族学院和家族博物馆。在组织边界文献的基础上,我们将组织边界纳入家族企业理论,并提出了一个研究议程,以更广泛的方式审视创业家族及其资产。
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引用次数: 15
“Over My Dead Body”: Wives’ Influence in Family Business Succession “在我死后”:妻子对家族企业继承的影响
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211051148
B. Cosson, M. Gilding
The family business literature barely addresses wives’ influence in family business succession. Where it does so, the result is often tokenistic, stereotypical, and imprecise. Drawing on 34 in-depth interviews, this article makes three contributions. First, it identifies wives’ critical influence in family business succession through socialization across the life span of the family business; specifically, through normative, interactive, and experiential socialization. Second, it demonstrates the diverse dynamics and impact of wives’ influence on family business continuity. Third, it highlights the particular significance of experiential socialization, whereby changing expectations of marriage and family life have amplified wives’ influence in succession outcomes.
家族企业文献几乎没有提到妻子对家族企业继承的影响。当它这样做的时候,结果往往是象征性的、刻板的和不精确的。通过对34个深度访谈,本文做出了三点贡献。首先,它确定了妻子在家族企业的整个生命周期中通过社会化对家族企业继承的关键影响;具体来说,是通过规范的、互动的和体验式的社会化。其次,它展示了妻子对家族企业连续性的影响的不同动态和影响。第三,它强调了经验社会化的特殊意义,即改变对婚姻和家庭生活的期望放大了妻子对继承结果的影响。
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引用次数: 4
Out of the Comfort Zone! Family Leaders’ Subsidiary Ownership Choices and the Role of Vulnerabilities 走出舒适区!家族领导人的子公司所有权选择与脆弱性的作用
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211050858
Claudia Pongelli, A. Calabrò, Fabio Quarato, A. Minichilli, G. Corbetta
Based on the socioemotional wealth approach and a sample of 3,904 subsidiary ownership choices made by 586 family firms, this study shows that family-managed firms (i.e., those family firms with a family member in a leadership position) prefer wholly owned subsidies over joint ventures when entering foreign markets. Family-managed firms are also more likely to revise their subsidiary ownership choices and form joint ventures when in vulnerability conditions, that is, when they experience performance below aspirations and when entering a culturally distant market.
基于社会情感财富方法和586家家族企业的3,904个子公司所有权选择样本,本研究表明,家族管理企业(即家族成员担任领导职位的家族企业)在进入国外市场时更倾向于全资补贴而不是合资企业。家族管理的公司也更有可能在脆弱的条件下,即当他们的业绩低于期望和进入一个文化上遥远的市场时,修改其子公司所有权选择和组建合资企业。
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引用次数: 8
Endogeneity Issues in Family Business Research: Current Status and Future Recommendations 家族企业研究的内生性问题:现状与未来建议
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211049092
Xinrui Zhang, H. Fang, Junsheng Dou, James J. Chrisman
Although the family business research field and related disciplines are paying increasing attention to improvements in methodology, there is still insufficient attention being paid to endogeneity issues. We therefore raise awareness of endogeneity and suggest ways to reduce biased results in family business studies. We review publications in the family business literature in terms of (1) the consideration of endogeneity issues, (2) sources of endogeneity for different research topics, and (3) various methods that researchers have used to control for endogeneity. We discuss important lessons learned from the review and offer methodologically oriented recommendations for future family business studies.
虽然家族企业研究领域和相关学科越来越重视方法的改进,但对内生性问题的关注仍然不足。因此,我们提高对内生性的认识,并提出减少家族企业研究中有偏见的结果的方法。我们从以下几个方面回顾了家族企业文献中的出版物:(1)对内生性问题的考虑,(2)不同研究主题的内生性来源,以及(3)研究人员用来控制内生性的各种方法。我们讨论了从回顾中获得的重要经验教训,并为未来的家族企业研究提供了方法论上的建议。
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引用次数: 8
WANTED—Theoretical Contributions: An Editorial on the Pitfalls and Pathways in Family Business Research 理论贡献:家族企业研究的陷阱与路径评论
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211032503
Donald O. Neubaum, E. Micelotta
Every management scholar is keenly aware of the need for contemporary research to make a theoretical contribution to the literature. As editors and reviewers, we wear the hat of “gatekeepers of the quality of the journal” (Chrisman et al., 2017, p. 214) and our assessment of the theoretical contributions of the manuscripts we appraise significantly color our editorial recommendations and decisions. As authors, we recognize the magnitude of this threshold and invest (or should invest) considerable effort in developing, expressing, and highlighting the theoretical contribution(s) of our own work. Despite this effort, more than 90% of the manuscripts submitted to journals like Family Business Review (FBR) are rejected, and the majority of those ill-fated submissions suffer from unclear or underdeveloped theoretical contributions. Over our respective careers, we have read, reviewed, and written decision letters for hundreds of family businesses manuscripts. In every case, we have commented on the extent to which the manuscript makes a theoretical contribution, and we have recommended rejection, revision, or acceptance based, significantly, on our assessment of the accomplishment of this threshold. Even for those papers we have evaluated positively, we have often pushed authors to clarify, deepen, or extend their contributions to theory and/or to the literature in general. Clearly, the need to contribute theoretically is imperative, and each paper’s ultimate ability to make a theoretical contribution varies. While the potential contribution of each manuscript varies, we have noticed persistent patterns in the types of family business papers we have reviewed. In our reviews and decision letters, we often find ourselves expressing a common set of criticisms and concerns that plague many of the papers we evaluate. In essence, we find that many authors, and consequently many family business papers, are repeatedly falling into the same few “theoretical pitfalls.” Based on our collective experience, we have identified four categories that capture many of these potential pitfalls. While research from each of these (and other) categories may indeed present a strong theoretical contribution, we observe that the relative ability (and manner) of each category to contribute to the literature can vary significantly. Furthermore, we find that the types of theoretical pitfalls associated with each category are generally consistent. This is troubling as many submissions are being rejected (oftentimes without even being sent out for full review) for largely the same few overarching reasons. In this editorial, we provide some guidance to authors by explaining what it means to make a theoretical contribution. We then identify and discuss four categories of family business papers, each of which presents different avenues or likelihood of making a theoretical contribution. For each type, we highlight common shortcomings found in manuscripts and offer authors ideas to furt
每一位管理学者都敏锐地意识到,当代研究需要对文献做出理论贡献。作为编辑和审稿人,我们戴着“期刊质量守门人”的帽子(克里斯曼等人,2017年,第214页),我们对所评估手稿的理论贡献的评估显着影响了我们的编辑建议和决策。作为作者,我们认识到这个门槛的重要性,并投入(或应该投入)相当大的努力来发展、表达和突出我们自己工作的理论贡献。尽管如此,提交给《家族企业评论》(Family Business Review, FBR)等期刊的90%以上的手稿都被拒绝了,而且这些不幸的投稿大多是因为理论贡献不明确或不发达。在我们各自的职业生涯中,我们已经阅读、审阅和撰写了数百份家族企业手稿的决定函。在每种情况下,我们都对稿件的理论贡献程度进行了评论,并根据我们对该阈值的完成情况的评估,建议拒绝、修改或接受。即使是那些我们给予积极评价的论文,我们也经常要求作者澄清、深化或扩展他们对理论和/或一般文献的贡献。显然,理论上的贡献是必要的,而每篇论文做出理论贡献的最终能力各不相同。虽然每个手稿的潜在贡献各不相同,但我们注意到,在我们所审查的家族企业论文类型中,存在持续的模式。在我们的评论和决定信中,我们经常发现自己表达了一组共同的批评和关注,这些批评和关注困扰着我们评估的许多论文。从本质上讲,我们发现许多作者,以及许多家族企业论文,都在反复陷入同样的几个“理论陷阱”。根据我们的集体经验,我们已经确定了捕捉这些潜在陷阱的四个类别。虽然这些(和其他)类别的研究可能确实有很强的理论贡献,但我们观察到,每个类别对文献的贡献的相对能力(和方式)可能会有很大差异。此外,我们发现与每个类别相关的理论陷阱类型通常是一致的。这是一个令人困扰的问题,因为许多提交内容都因为相同的几个主要原因而被拒绝(通常甚至没有被发送出去进行全面审查)。在这篇社论中,我们通过解释什么是做出理论贡献来为作者提供一些指导。然后,我们确定并讨论了四类家族企业论文,每一类都提出了不同的途径或做出理论贡献的可能性。对于每种类型,我们都强调了手稿中发现的常见缺点,并为作者提供了进一步提高理论工作的想法。在此基础上,本文提供了一个实用的指导,以帮助家族企业学者理解、澄清和深化他们的工作贡献。具体来说,我们鼓励研究人员决定他们的论文打算贡献什么对话,并讨论作者可以采取的各种途径,以最大限度地提高他们对家族企业文献的贡献。
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引用次数: 16
Entry Timing as a Mixed Gamble in Cross-border Acquisition Waves: A study of Family Firms 跨国收购浪潮中的进入时机混合赌博:对家族企业的研究
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211026175
Mohammad Fuad, Vinod Thakur, A. Sinha
We draw upon the mixed gamble perspective to investigate the entry timing decisions made by family firms in the context of cross-border acquisition (CBA) waves. We argue that family-controlled firms trade-off short-term SEW and financial losses in favor of long-term SEW and financial gains, while moving early in CBA waves. Findings suggest that family-controlled firms have a higher preference for early movement compared with nonfamily-controlled firms. Further, we show that founder’s presence on the board and acquirer’s superior performance amplifies the mixed gamble trade-offs, thereby strengthening the relationship between family control and early movement within CBA waves.
我们利用混合赌博的视角来调查跨国收购浪潮背景下家族企业的进入时机决策。我们认为,家族控制的公司在短期SEW和财务损失之间进行权衡,以利于长期SEW和财政收益,同时在CBA浪潮中提前行动。研究结果表明,与非家族控制公司相比,家族控制公司更倾向于早期流动。此外,我们发现,创始人在董事会的存在和收购方的卓越表现放大了混合赌博的权衡,从而加强了家族控制与CBA浪潮中早期运动之间的关系。
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引用次数: 14
The Psychological Foundations of Management in Family Firms: Emotions, Memories, and Experiences 家族企业管理的心理基础:情感、记忆和经验
IF 8.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/08944865211012139
R. Humphrey, A. Massis, P. Picone, Yi Tang, Ronald F. Piccolo
Exploring the psychological foundations of management in family firms is necessary to understand why they formulate and implement strategies differently from nonfamily firms, and why and how family firm behavior varies across different family firms. Picone et al. (2021. The psychological foundations of management in family firms: Values, biases, and heuristics. Family Business Review, 34(1), 12-32) have proposed a conceptual framework for the psychological foundations of management in family business, examining how the values, biases, and heuristics of family firm members affect strategic decision-making and family firm outcomes. Drawing on this framework, we examine emotions, memories, and experiences in family firms, disentangling “what we know” from “what we should know”, and offering some relevant questions to advance the field.
有必要探索家族企业管理的心理基础,以了解为什么他们制定和实施的战略与非家族企业不同,以及为什么家族企业的行为以及如何在不同的家族企业中发生变化。Picone等人(2021。家族企业管理的心理学基础:价值观、偏见和启发法。《家族企业评论》,34(1),12-32)为家族企业管理的心理基础提出了一个概念框架,研究了家族企业成员的价值观、偏见和启发法如何影响战略决策和家族企业成果。基于这个框架,我们研究了家族企业中的情绪、记忆和经历,将“我们知道的”与“我们应该知道的”区分开来,并提出了一些相关的问题来推进这一领域。
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引用次数: 26
期刊
Family Business Review
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