Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1177/08902070231174575
Elisa Altgassen, Mattis Geiger, O. Wilhelm
Mindfulness is defined inconsistently, and its various measures resemble established personality self-report scales. Therefore, jingle and jangle fallacies are likely to undermine the construct’s utility. To address these issues, we conducted two studies to test three hurdles of validity: 1) a sound definition and measurement model, 2) empirical distinctiveness, and 3) incremental criterion validity. We established an overarching and inclusive mindfulness definition covering twelve aspects. Based on this definition, we used an item sampling algorithm to select items from eight mindfulness scales. We established an eclectic bi-factor and a single-factor model, both fitting the data well. Bivariate latent variable correlations between a single mindfulness factor and big-five/six personality factors reached up to .68. Although 50% of mindfulness' variance was unaccounted for by the personality factors, it provided no meaningful incremental criterion validity over personality factors. Our results indicate that mindfulness has little or no incremental utility above established personality factors.
{"title":"Do you mind a closer look? A jingle-jangle fallacy perspective on mindfulness","authors":"Elisa Altgassen, Mattis Geiger, O. Wilhelm","doi":"10.1177/08902070231174575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231174575","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness is defined inconsistently, and its various measures resemble established personality self-report scales. Therefore, jingle and jangle fallacies are likely to undermine the construct’s utility. To address these issues, we conducted two studies to test three hurdles of validity: 1) a sound definition and measurement model, 2) empirical distinctiveness, and 3) incremental criterion validity. We established an overarching and inclusive mindfulness definition covering twelve aspects. Based on this definition, we used an item sampling algorithm to select items from eight mindfulness scales. We established an eclectic bi-factor and a single-factor model, both fitting the data well. Bivariate latent variable correlations between a single mindfulness factor and big-five/six personality factors reached up to .68. Although 50% of mindfulness' variance was unaccounted for by the personality factors, it provided no meaningful incremental criterion validity over personality factors. Our results indicate that mindfulness has little or no incremental utility above established personality factors.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44847408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1177/08902070231174574
J. Pletzer, Isabel Thielmann, Ingo Zettler
Researchers and practitioners have long been interested in the relations of basic personality domains with health. Whereas previous meta-analyses have focused on the Big Five traits, we provide the first meta-analysis of the relations between the HEXACO domains, as assessed by HEXACO Personality Inventories, and various health outcomes ( k = 276, N = 92,319). In general, relations of the HEXACO domains were strongest with mental health, followed by health behavior, whereas relations with physical health outcomes were weak and largely non-significant. All HEXACO domains were significantly linked to mental health and health behavior outcomes. Extraversion exhibited the strongest correlation with mental health ([Formula: see text] = .48), whereas Honesty-Humility ([Formula: see text] = .31), Agreeableness versus Anger ([Formula: see text] = .25), and Conscientiousness ([Formula: see text] = .31) were most predictive of health behavior. Physical health was only significantly associated with Emotionality ([Formula: see text] = −.14) and Conscientiousness ([Formula: see text] = .10). Honesty-Humility explained incremental variance over the Big Five in several health behavior outcomes, whereas it had little incremental validity for mental and physical health outcomes. Finally, comparing the variance that the HEXACO and the Big Five domains explained in specific health outcomes demonstrated that each personality model occasionally exhibited superior criterion-related validity. Hence, the choice of the more useful personality model could be outcome-dependent.
{"title":"Who is healthier? A meta-analysis of the relations between the HEXACO personality domains and health outcomes","authors":"J. Pletzer, Isabel Thielmann, Ingo Zettler","doi":"10.1177/08902070231174574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231174574","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers and practitioners have long been interested in the relations of basic personality domains with health. Whereas previous meta-analyses have focused on the Big Five traits, we provide the first meta-analysis of the relations between the HEXACO domains, as assessed by HEXACO Personality Inventories, and various health outcomes ( k = 276, N = 92,319). In general, relations of the HEXACO domains were strongest with mental health, followed by health behavior, whereas relations with physical health outcomes were weak and largely non-significant. All HEXACO domains were significantly linked to mental health and health behavior outcomes. Extraversion exhibited the strongest correlation with mental health ([Formula: see text] = .48), whereas Honesty-Humility ([Formula: see text] = .31), Agreeableness versus Anger ([Formula: see text] = .25), and Conscientiousness ([Formula: see text] = .31) were most predictive of health behavior. Physical health was only significantly associated with Emotionality ([Formula: see text] = −.14) and Conscientiousness ([Formula: see text] = .10). Honesty-Humility explained incremental variance over the Big Five in several health behavior outcomes, whereas it had little incremental validity for mental and physical health outcomes. Finally, comparing the variance that the HEXACO and the Big Five domains explained in specific health outcomes demonstrated that each personality model occasionally exhibited superior criterion-related validity. Hence, the choice of the more useful personality model could be outcome-dependent.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1177/08902070231176690
Jana Instinske, C. Kandler
Self-efficacy, internal locus of control, self-esteem and emotional stability are characterized by substantial theoretical overlap and empirical associations. In previous research, these four characteristics were frequently suggested to represent a common personality construct referred to as core self-evaluations (CSE). However, neither the structure of the construct CSE has been sufficiently validated nor its genetic and environmental sources examined, so far. The current study bridges this gap. Applying multitrait-multirater analyses of 2377 self- and 1176 informant-reports, we found substantial common variance beyond self-rater specificity, item specificity and random measurement error. Furthermore, using genetically informative data from 1146 twins, we investigated common and specific genetic and environmental sources of variance in the four characteristics. Common variance was substantially attributable to additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences, which were mediated by a higher-order latent variable. The results support the validity of the construct’s hierarchical structure with a common latent core trait accounting for the covariance between the four characteristics. Beyond nonshared environmental components specific to the four characteristics, nonadditive genetic sources accounted for common variance in self-efficacy and internal locus of control, whereas specific additive genetic factors explained variance in emotional stability, implying that these characteristics also include divergently valid aspects of personality.
{"title":"Structure and Sources of Core Self-Evaluations: Construct Validation Using Multi-Rater and Genetically Informative Designs","authors":"Jana Instinske, C. Kandler","doi":"10.1177/08902070231176690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231176690","url":null,"abstract":"Self-efficacy, internal locus of control, self-esteem and emotional stability are characterized by substantial theoretical overlap and empirical associations. In previous research, these four characteristics were frequently suggested to represent a common personality construct referred to as core self-evaluations (CSE). However, neither the structure of the construct CSE has been sufficiently validated nor its genetic and environmental sources examined, so far. The current study bridges this gap. Applying multitrait-multirater analyses of 2377 self- and 1176 informant-reports, we found substantial common variance beyond self-rater specificity, item specificity and random measurement error. Furthermore, using genetically informative data from 1146 twins, we investigated common and specific genetic and environmental sources of variance in the four characteristics. Common variance was substantially attributable to additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences, which were mediated by a higher-order latent variable. The results support the validity of the construct’s hierarchical structure with a common latent core trait accounting for the covariance between the four characteristics. Beyond nonshared environmental components specific to the four characteristics, nonadditive genetic sources accounted for common variance in self-efficacy and internal locus of control, whereas specific additive genetic factors explained variance in emotional stability, implying that these characteristics also include divergently valid aspects of personality.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46123873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1177/08902070231176702
Gudrun R Gudmundsdottir, Gabrielle N. Pfund, P. Hill, G. Olaru
Sense of purpose is seen as a catalyst for successful ageing, predicting a wide range of health outcomes and mortality. However, its role in fostering subjective well-being during old age has received less attention, especially the bidirectional nature of this relationship. The present study examined how sense of purpose predicts and is predicted by subjective well-being in this life stage. Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 8980) were used, spanning three measurement occasions across eight years. Four subjective well-being indicators (life satisfaction, depression, positive- and negative affect) were modelled with purpose using (random-intercept) cross-lagged panel models to disentangle within-from between-person associations. We found moderate to strong correlated change and some evidence for directional associations between the constructs. Purpose predicted changes in all four subjective well-being markers, and these associations were generally stronger than the effects of subjective well-being on purpose. Within-person changes in sense of purpose predicted subsequent changes in life satisfaction and positive affect, but not in negative affect and depression. In sum, sense of purpose is associated with higher subjective well-being in old age, but efforts to maintain or increase older adults' sense of purpose may only improve positive components of subjective well-being.
{"title":"Reciprocal associations between sense of purpose and subjective well-being in old age","authors":"Gudrun R Gudmundsdottir, Gabrielle N. Pfund, P. Hill, G. Olaru","doi":"10.1177/08902070231176702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231176702","url":null,"abstract":"Sense of purpose is seen as a catalyst for successful ageing, predicting a wide range of health outcomes and mortality. However, its role in fostering subjective well-being during old age has received less attention, especially the bidirectional nature of this relationship. The present study examined how sense of purpose predicts and is predicted by subjective well-being in this life stage. Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 8980) were used, spanning three measurement occasions across eight years. Four subjective well-being indicators (life satisfaction, depression, positive- and negative affect) were modelled with purpose using (random-intercept) cross-lagged panel models to disentangle within-from between-person associations. We found moderate to strong correlated change and some evidence for directional associations between the constructs. Purpose predicted changes in all four subjective well-being markers, and these associations were generally stronger than the effects of subjective well-being on purpose. Within-person changes in sense of purpose predicted subsequent changes in life satisfaction and positive affect, but not in negative affect and depression. In sum, sense of purpose is associated with higher subjective well-being in old age, but efforts to maintain or increase older adults' sense of purpose may only improve positive components of subjective well-being.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1177/08902070231174266
Wenqi Li, Junhui Wu, Zhen Guo, Y. Kou
This three-wave longitudinal study investigated the stability and changes in HEXACO personality traits and tested whether socioeconomic factors relate to the initial levels and changes of personality among Chinese adolescents ( N = 1,646, Wave 1 Mage = 15.21 years). The findings revealed high rank-order stability of HEXACO personality traits. Consistent with the disruption hypothesis, latent growth modeling revealed significant decreases in Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness and a significant increase in Emotionality among boys. Findings also provided evidence contradicting the disruption hypothesis as both boys and girls exhibited an increase in Extraversion, indicating the complexity of developmental trends in personality during adolescence. Conditional latent growth modeling demonstrated that higher childhood and current family socioeconomic status were associated with higher initial levels of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience, and a lower initial level of Emotionality. Perceived economic inequality was related to a lower initial level of Honesty-Humility and a higher initial level of Openness to Experience. However, socioeconomic factors were not associated with the slopes of personality change. These findings highlight the need for future research to refine the disruption hypothesis and suggest that socioeconomic factors relate to the levels but not changes in personality traits during middle to late adolescence.
{"title":"Development of HEXACO Personality Traits and Their Relations With Socioeconomic Factors Among Chinese Adolescents: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study","authors":"Wenqi Li, Junhui Wu, Zhen Guo, Y. Kou","doi":"10.1177/08902070231174266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231174266","url":null,"abstract":"This three-wave longitudinal study investigated the stability and changes in HEXACO personality traits and tested whether socioeconomic factors relate to the initial levels and changes of personality among Chinese adolescents ( N = 1,646, Wave 1 Mage = 15.21 years). The findings revealed high rank-order stability of HEXACO personality traits. Consistent with the disruption hypothesis, latent growth modeling revealed significant decreases in Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness and a significant increase in Emotionality among boys. Findings also provided evidence contradicting the disruption hypothesis as both boys and girls exhibited an increase in Extraversion, indicating the complexity of developmental trends in personality during adolescence. Conditional latent growth modeling demonstrated that higher childhood and current family socioeconomic status were associated with higher initial levels of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience, and a lower initial level of Emotionality. Perceived economic inequality was related to a lower initial level of Honesty-Humility and a higher initial level of Openness to Experience. However, socioeconomic factors were not associated with the slopes of personality change. These findings highlight the need for future research to refine the disruption hypothesis and suggest that socioeconomic factors relate to the levels but not changes in personality traits during middle to late adolescence.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1177/08902070231171812
Hila Segal, Shifra Gutermann, A. Knafo-Noam
This study examines the hypothesis that temperamental (dis)similarity is associated with twin relationship quality. In a longitudinal study that followed 322 monozygotic twins (who share close to 100% of their genes) and 1199 dizygotic twins (who on average, share 50% of their segregating genes) throughout childhood, mothers ( N = 1547) and fathers ( N = 536) reported on their twins’ relationships on at least one of four measurement points when the twins were between 3 and 8–9 years of age. Mothers also reported on the twins’ temperament. Negative associations were found between reports by both parents on the twins’ closeness and their temperament difference throughout childhood, while positive associations were found between twins’ conflict and their temperament difference in late childhood. Latent growth modeling indicated that the association between temperament differences and the twins’ mother-reported closeness was evident beyond the effect of zygosity. A different pattern was found for twin conflict: the more the twins differed in their temperament (specifically negative emotionality) with age, the more the conflict between them increased. Our findings support the hypothesis that personality similarities can contribute to positive relationships from early childhood, and vice versa, beyond the effect of genetic similarity.
{"title":"Two Peas in a Pod? Development of Twin Relationships in Light of Twins’ Temperament Differences","authors":"Hila Segal, Shifra Gutermann, A. Knafo-Noam","doi":"10.1177/08902070231171812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231171812","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the hypothesis that temperamental (dis)similarity is associated with twin relationship quality. In a longitudinal study that followed 322 monozygotic twins (who share close to 100% of their genes) and 1199 dizygotic twins (who on average, share 50% of their segregating genes) throughout childhood, mothers ( N = 1547) and fathers ( N = 536) reported on their twins’ relationships on at least one of four measurement points when the twins were between 3 and 8–9 years of age. Mothers also reported on the twins’ temperament. Negative associations were found between reports by both parents on the twins’ closeness and their temperament difference throughout childhood, while positive associations were found between twins’ conflict and their temperament difference in late childhood. Latent growth modeling indicated that the association between temperament differences and the twins’ mother-reported closeness was evident beyond the effect of zygosity. A different pattern was found for twin conflict: the more the twins differed in their temperament (specifically negative emotionality) with age, the more the conflict between them increased. Our findings support the hypothesis that personality similarities can contribute to positive relationships from early childhood, and vice versa, beyond the effect of genetic similarity.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43825234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1177/08902070231171736
G. Olaru, K. Jankowsky, Mathias Allemand
The concept of differentiation describes increasing or decreasing similarities between inter-individual differences on psychological constructs, reflecting processes of specialization or adaptation. In this study, we studied age-differentiation in personality traits in (1) the trait domain and facet loadings, (2) the correlations between trait domains, and (3) trait domain, facet, and item (residual) variances. We used three large cross-sectional samples (Ns > 3000) covering 16–90 years of age with broad measures of the Big Five, Five-Factor, and HEXACO models. We examined age effects on the model parameters using local structural equation modeling. We found a high stability of the trait domain loadings, suggesting relatively stable trait domain compositions across age. Extraversion-Openness correlations increased across age for all three measures, whereas an increase in the Extraversion-Agreeableness and decrease in the absolute Neuroticism-Extraversion correlations only replicated across the five-dimensional models. Inter-individual differences in personality were similar across age in the trait domains and facets but differed substantially for item residuals. In summary, the structure and individual differences in broad personality traits is relatively stable across the adult lifespan, with most age-differences only affecting the item level.
{"title":"Structural and Inter-individual Differentiation in Personality Traits Across the Adult Lifespan","authors":"G. Olaru, K. Jankowsky, Mathias Allemand","doi":"10.1177/08902070231171736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231171736","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of differentiation describes increasing or decreasing similarities between inter-individual differences on psychological constructs, reflecting processes of specialization or adaptation. In this study, we studied age-differentiation in personality traits in (1) the trait domain and facet loadings, (2) the correlations between trait domains, and (3) trait domain, facet, and item (residual) variances. We used three large cross-sectional samples (Ns > 3000) covering 16–90 years of age with broad measures of the Big Five, Five-Factor, and HEXACO models. We examined age effects on the model parameters using local structural equation modeling. We found a high stability of the trait domain loadings, suggesting relatively stable trait domain compositions across age. Extraversion-Openness correlations increased across age for all three measures, whereas an increase in the Extraversion-Agreeableness and decrease in the absolute Neuroticism-Extraversion correlations only replicated across the five-dimensional models. Inter-individual differences in personality were similar across age in the trait domains and facets but differed substantially for item residuals. In summary, the structure and individual differences in broad personality traits is relatively stable across the adult lifespan, with most age-differences only affecting the item level.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1177/08902070231167199
D. Bacchini, G. Affuso, Serena Aquilar, Mirella Dragone, C. Esposito
Adolescence is critical for values development since transitions in several domains occur during this period. Building upon Schwartz’s circumplex model, this study investigated stability and change of values during adolescence and their environmental precursors (i.e., parental rejection and community violence exposure). A sample of 773 Italian high school students (342 males; M age [Time 1] = 14.19, SD = 0.56) was assessed using self-report questionnaires across four waves. Rank-order stability coefficients were moderate for all values. Latent growth curve analyses revealed a significant linear increase in self-enhancement; all the other values displayed a quadratic shape in change over time, with a decline in the first part of the curve and a subsequent increase across time points. Overall, significant associations were found between environmental factors and the baseline levels of values. Value change over time was not significantly predicted by environmental factors except for openness to change, which was associated with paternal rejection. Specifically, high paternal rejection was linked with a faster decrease and a slower increase of openness to change over time. These findings highlight the importance of longitudinal studies when examining value change over time. Also, they suggest that environmental factors may play a significant role in shaping adolescent values.
{"title":"Values across adolescence: a four-year longitudinal study. The predictive role of community violence and parental acceptance-rejection","authors":"D. Bacchini, G. Affuso, Serena Aquilar, Mirella Dragone, C. Esposito","doi":"10.1177/08902070231167199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231167199","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is critical for values development since transitions in several domains occur during this period. Building upon Schwartz’s circumplex model, this study investigated stability and change of values during adolescence and their environmental precursors (i.e., parental rejection and community violence exposure). A sample of 773 Italian high school students (342 males; M age [Time 1] = 14.19, SD = 0.56) was assessed using self-report questionnaires across four waves. Rank-order stability coefficients were moderate for all values. Latent growth curve analyses revealed a significant linear increase in self-enhancement; all the other values displayed a quadratic shape in change over time, with a decline in the first part of the curve and a subsequent increase across time points. Overall, significant associations were found between environmental factors and the baseline levels of values. Value change over time was not significantly predicted by environmental factors except for openness to change, which was associated with paternal rejection. Specifically, high paternal rejection was linked with a faster decrease and a slower increase of openness to change over time. These findings highlight the importance of longitudinal studies when examining value change over time. Also, they suggest that environmental factors may play a significant role in shaping adolescent values.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45340704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1177/08902070231163283
Elisa Altgassen, G. Olaru, O. Wilhelm
Personality inventories are predominantly curated using factor analytic approaches. Indicators capturing common and thus redundant variance are preferentially selected, whereas indicators capturing a large proportion of unique variance outside the broad trait domains are omitted from further research. Even recent research dealing with lower-level personality traits such as facets or nuances has invariably relied on inventories founded on this factor analytic approach. However, items can also be selected to ensure low instead of high communality amongst them. The expected predictive power of such item sets is higher compared to those compiled to capitalize on the indicators’ redundancy. To investigate this, we applied Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to select personality-descriptive adjectives with minimal inter-item correlations. When used to predict the frequency of everyday life behaviors, this ‘crude-grit’ set outperformed a traditional big-five item set and sets of randomly selected adjectives. The size of the predictive advantage of the crude-grit set was generally higher for those behaviors that could also be predicted better by the big-five item set. This study provides a proof-of-concept for an alternative procedure for compiling personality scales, and serves as a starting point for future studies using broader item sets.
{"title":"What if there were no personality factors? Comparing the predictability of behavioral act frequencies from a big-five and a maximal-dimensional item set","authors":"Elisa Altgassen, G. Olaru, O. Wilhelm","doi":"10.1177/08902070231163283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231163283","url":null,"abstract":"Personality inventories are predominantly curated using factor analytic approaches. Indicators capturing common and thus redundant variance are preferentially selected, whereas indicators capturing a large proportion of unique variance outside the broad trait domains are omitted from further research. Even recent research dealing with lower-level personality traits such as facets or nuances has invariably relied on inventories founded on this factor analytic approach. However, items can also be selected to ensure low instead of high communality amongst them. The expected predictive power of such item sets is higher compared to those compiled to capitalize on the indicators’ redundancy. To investigate this, we applied Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to select personality-descriptive adjectives with minimal inter-item correlations. When used to predict the frequency of everyday life behaviors, this ‘crude-grit’ set outperformed a traditional big-five item set and sets of randomly selected adjectives. The size of the predictive advantage of the crude-grit set was generally higher for those behaviors that could also be predicted better by the big-five item set. This study provides a proof-of-concept for an alternative procedure for compiling personality scales, and serves as a starting point for future studies using broader item sets.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1177/08902070231161869
Amy H. Du, J. Karl, Velichko H. Fetvadjiev, Markus Luczak-Rösch, R. Pirngruber, Ronald Fischer
Assessing evolution of cognitive structures across historical periods has remained challenging in the absence of direct access to humans from the past. Overcoming some of these challenges, we examined shifts in the implicit cognitive structures in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is one of the earliest surviving pieces of literature, circulating in various versions over a period of approx. 2000 years in ancient Mesopotamia. Using a canonical English translation, we applied natural language processing (NLP) and human coding to extract low-dimensional representations of the implicit personality structure in three different historical epochs. We found systematic shifts over time with increasing complexity and increasing resemblance of contemporary personality models in later periods. We discuss how lexical analyses of ancient texts using trait co-occurrence analyses can provide novel insights on the evolution of human behaviour of relevance for contemporary social and behavioural science and the study of ancient societies.
{"title":"Tracing the evolution of personality cognition in early human civilisations: A computational analysis of the Gilgamesh epic","authors":"Amy H. Du, J. Karl, Velichko H. Fetvadjiev, Markus Luczak-Rösch, R. Pirngruber, Ronald Fischer","doi":"10.1177/08902070231161869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070231161869","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing evolution of cognitive structures across historical periods has remained challenging in the absence of direct access to humans from the past. Overcoming some of these challenges, we examined shifts in the implicit cognitive structures in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is one of the earliest surviving pieces of literature, circulating in various versions over a period of approx. 2000 years in ancient Mesopotamia. Using a canonical English translation, we applied natural language processing (NLP) and human coding to extract low-dimensional representations of the implicit personality structure in three different historical epochs. We found systematic shifts over time with increasing complexity and increasing resemblance of contemporary personality models in later periods. We discuss how lexical analyses of ancient texts using trait co-occurrence analyses can provide novel insights on the evolution of human behaviour of relevance for contemporary social and behavioural science and the study of ancient societies.","PeriodicalId":51376,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47320928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：