Human Communication Research最新文献

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Emotional Appeals, Climate Change, and Young Adults: A Direct Replication of Skurka et al. (2018) 情感诉求、气候变化与年轻人:Skurka等人(2018)的直接复制

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-10-06 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab013

Chris Skurka, Rainer Romero-Canyas, H. H. Joo, D. Acup, J. Niederdeppe

There is much need to verify the robustness of published findings in the field of communication—particularly regarding the effects of persuasive emotional appeals about social issues. To this end, we present the results from a preregistered, direct replication of C. Skurka, J. Niederdeppe, R. Romero-Canyas, and D. Acup (2018). The original study found that a threat appeal about climate change can increase risk perception and activism intentions and that a humor appeal can also increase activism intentions with a large sample of young adults. Using the same stimuli, measures, and experimental design with a similar sample, we fail to replicate these main effects. We do, however, replicate age as a moderator of humor’s effect on perceived risk, such that the humor appeal only persuaded emerging adults (ages 18–21.9). We consider several explanations for our discrepant findings, including the challenges (and opportunities) that persuasion researchers must navigate when communicating about rapidly evolving social issues.

在传播领域，特别是在关于社会问题的有说服力的情感诉求的影响方面，非常需要验证已发表的研究结果的稳健性。为此，我们展示了C.Skurka、J.Niederdeppe、R.Romero Canyas和D.Acup（2018）的预注册直接复制结果。最初的研究发现，对气候变化的威胁吸引力可以增加风险感知和行动主义意图，幽默吸引力也可以增加大量年轻人的行动主义意图。使用相同的刺激、测量和相似样本的实验设计，我们无法复制这些主要效果。然而，我们确实复制了年龄作为幽默对感知风险影响的调节因素，因此幽默的吸引力只会说服新兴成年人（18-21.9岁）。我们考虑了对我们不一致发现的几种解释，包括说服研究人员在沟通快速发展的社会问题时必须应对的挑战（和机遇）。

引用次数: 4

Embodied Cognition and Media Engagement: When the Loneliness of the Protagonist Makes the Reader Sense Coldness (and Vice Versa) 具体化的认知与媒体参与：当主人公的孤独感让读者感到寒冷时（和副Versa）

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab010

Nurit Tal-Or, Irene Razpurker-Apfeld

Embodied cognition research documents the interplay between physical sensations and corresponding psychological experiences within the individual. Accordingly, physical warmth leads to a sense of social inclusion, and being socially rejected leads to physical coldness. In the current research, we demonstrate that these embodied cognition relationships also apply to a media consumer and a media character with whom the consumer identifies. In Study 1, participants (N = 120) read one of four narratives in which we manipulated identification with the protagonist and her social exclusion/inclusion situation. In Study 2 (N = 120), the narrative described the protagonist experiencing coldness/warmth in high/low identification conditions. The findings suggest that when the character experiences either the physical or the psychological state, the identifying consumer consequently experiences either psychological feelings or physical sensations, respectively. We discuss potential limitations of the study and also its contribution to media psychology and to embodied cognition research.

具体认知研究记录了个体内部身体感觉和相应心理体验之间的相互作用。因此，身体上的温暖会导致社会包容感，而被社会拒绝会导致身体上的冷漠。在目前的研究中，我们证明了这些具体的认知关系也适用于媒体消费者和消费者认同的媒体角色。在研究1中，参与者（N = 120）阅读了四种叙事中的一种，在这些叙事中，我们操纵了对主人公的认同以及她的社会排斥/包容状况。在研究2中（N = 120），叙事描述了主人公在高/低认同条件下经历冷/暖。研究结果表明，当角色体验到身体或心理状态时，识别消费者会分别体验到心理感受或身体感觉。我们讨论了这项研究的潜在局限性，以及它对媒体心理学和具体认知研究的贡献。

引用次数: 2

Rethinking the Virtuous Circle Hypothesis on Social Media: Subjective versus Objective Knowledge and Political Participation 对社交媒体良性循环假说的再思考:主观知识vs客观知识与政治参与

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-09-11 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab014

Sangwon Lee, Trevor Diehl, S. Valenzuela

Despite early promise, scholarship has shown little empirical evidence of learning from the news on social media. At the same time, scholars have documented the problem of information ‘snacking’ and information quality on these platforms. These parallel trends in the literature challenge long-held assumptions about the pro-social effects of news consumption and political participation. We argue that reliance on social media for news does not contribute to people’s real level of political knowledge (objective knowledge), but instead only influences people’s impression of being informed (subjective knowledge). Subjective knowledge is just as important for driving political participation, a potentially troubling trend given the nature of news consumption on social media. We test this expectation with panel survey data from the 2018 U.S. midterm elections. Two path model specifications (fixed effects and autoregressive) support our theoretical model. Implications for the study of the ‘dark side’ of social media and democracy are discussed.

尽管早期有希望，但学术界几乎没有从社交媒体上的新闻中学习的经验证据。与此同时，学者们记录了这些平台上的信息“零食”和信息质量问题。这些平行的文学趋势挑战了长期以来关于新闻消费和政治参与的亲社会影响的假设。我们认为，依赖社交媒体获取新闻无助于提高人们的真实政治知识水平（客观知识），而只会影响人们对知情的印象（主观知识）。主观知识对推动政治参与同样重要，考虑到社交媒体上新闻消费的性质，这是一个潜在的令人不安的趋势。我们用2018年美国中期选举的小组调查数据来检验这一预期。两种路径模型规范（固定效应和自回归）支持我们的理论模型。讨论了对研究社交媒体和民主的“黑暗面”的启示。

引用次数: 22

Do Audiences Judge the Morality of Characters Relativistically? How Interdependence Affects Perceptions of Characters’ Temporal Moral Descent 观众对角色道德的判断是相对的吗?相互依赖如何影响角色的时间道德血统

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab011

M. Grizzard, Nicholas L. Matthews, C. Francemone, K. Fitzgerald

In two pre-registered studies, we leveraged recent advances to disposition theory to examine whether character judgments are relative. We used a Pilot Study to develop a moral continuum of behaviors for a hypothetical television series. We referenced our established moral continuum to create behavioral sequences that represented two characters descending into immorality. We manipulated whether one or both characters were present in the narrative. The simultaneous presence of both characters polarized participants’ moral evaluations of character behavior, categorization of the characters as heroic/villainous, and character liking. Our findings substantiate the systematic effects that character interdependence has on disposition formation. An improved understanding of narrative context can specify when between- and within-character comparisons occur and what effects character interdependence has on disposition theory’s processes. We discuss how narrative schemas, character schemas, and character networks can serve as the elements for explicating the role of narrative context in disposition theory.

在两项预先注册的研究中，我们利用性格理论的最新进展来检验性格判断是否是相对的。我们使用了一项试点研究来为一个假设的电视连续剧开发一个行为的道德连续体。我们参考我们建立的道德连续体来创建行为序列，代表两个陷入不道德的角色。我们操纵叙事中是否有一个或两个角色出现。两个角色的同时出现使参与者对角色行为的道德评价两极分化，将角色归类为英雄/恶棍，以及角色喜好。我们的研究结果证实了性格相互依存对性格形成的系统影响。对叙事语境的更好理解可以指定角色之间和角色内部的比较何时发生，以及角色相互依存对性格理论的过程有什么影响。我们讨论了叙事图式、人物图式和人物网络如何作为解释叙事语境在性格理论中作用的要素。

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引用次数: 6

A Recipe for Success: The Effect of Dyadic Communication and Cooperative Gameplay on Subsequent Non-gaming Task Performance 成功的秘诀：二元通信和合作游戏对后续非游戏任务性能的影响

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab008

John A. Velez, Mike Schmierbach, B. Sherrick, Seung Woo Chae, R. R. Tan, K. Rosenberg

Cooperative game play has been associated with a growing list of prosocial benefits. However, less research has examined its constituent parts to determine their contribution to subsequent positive outcomes. The current study examined partners’ communication as a common and even imperative aspect of cooperative play that may largely account for its positive effects on cooperative behaviors and effective teamwork. Partners played a cooperative game (Overcooked 2) alone or with a partner, and in the latter case with or without the ability to communicate, before engaging in two puzzle-solving tasks that required effective and efficient communication for successful performances. Results suggest communication is unnecessary, and may even be detrimental to, subsequent team performances on non-gaming tasks, and that it seems unlikely to account for the cooperative norms proposed to be the theoretical mechanism behind cooperative play’s positive effects. The conclusion discusses theoretical implications and potential future research.

合作游戏与越来越多的亲社会利益联系在一起。然而，很少有研究考察其组成部分，以确定它们对随后的积极结果的贡献。目前的研究将合作伙伴的沟通视为合作游戏的一个共同甚至必不可少的方面，这可能在很大程度上解释了它对合作行为和有效团队合作的积极影响。在参与两个需要有效沟通才能成功完成的谜题解决任务之前，参与者可以单独或与同伴一起玩合作游戏(《Overcooked 2》)，后者有或没有沟通能力。研究结果表明，沟通是不必要的，甚至可能不利于团队在非游戏任务中的后续表现，这似乎不太可能解释合作游戏积极效应背后的理论机制——合作规范。结语部分讨论了理论意义和未来的研究方向。

引用次数: 2

Assessing the Russian Troll Efforts to Sow Discord on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. Election 评估俄罗斯巨魔在2016年美国大选期间在推特上制造不和的努力

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab009

Stephen A. Rains, Yotam Shmargad, Kevin Coe, K. Kenski, Steven Bethard

Although experts agree that the Russian Internet Research Agency deployed trolls on Twitter to disrupt the 2016 U.S. presidential election, questions remain about the nuances of their efforts. We examined almost 350,000 original tweets made during the two-year electoral cycle to investigate the emphasis, timing, content, and partisanship of the trolls’ efforts targeting leading candidates. Despite only dedicating a fraction of their tweets to candidates, troll behavior generally tracked the relevance of Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Ted Cruz during the election cycle. Trolls were significantly more likely to engage in name-calling in tweets about Trump, Clinton, and Cruz than in tweets about other topics. Name-calling peaked in tweets addressing Clinton during the general election. Right trolls were more likely to focus their attention on Trump, Clinton, and Cruz than were other partisan trolls.

尽管专家们一致认为，俄罗斯互联网研究机构在推特上部署巨魔是为了扰乱2016年美国总统大选，但他们的努力的细微差别仍然存在疑问。我们检查了两年选举周期内发布的近35万条原始推文，以调查巨魔针对领先候选人的努力的重点、时间、内容和党派偏见。尽管他们的推文中只有一小部分是针对候选人的，但在选举周期中，巨魔行为通常会追踪唐纳德·特朗普、希拉里·克林顿、伯尼·桑德斯和特德·克鲁兹的相关性。巨魔在关于特朗普、克林顿和克鲁兹的推文中点名的可能性明显高于在关于其他话题的推文。在大选期间，对克林顿的谩骂在推特上达到了顶峰。与其他党派巨魔相比，右翼巨魔更有可能将注意力集中在特朗普、克林顿和克鲁兹身上。

引用次数: 3

Reducing Resistance: The Impact of Nonfollowers’ and Followers’ Parasocial Relationships with Social Media Influencers on Persuasive Resistance and Advertising Effectiveness 减少阻力：非追随者和追随者与社交媒体影响者的反社会关系对说服阻力和广告效果的影响

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab006

Priska Breves, N. Liebers, B. Motschenbacher, Leonie Reus

Although social media influencers have become popular brand endorsers, previous research on this new form of advertising has neglected to analyze how the followers of these influencers are persuaded. Based on a key mechanism proposed by the entertainment overcoming resistance model, long-term parasocial relationships (PSRs) should reduce the amount of persuasive resistance in the forms of reactance and counterarguing. Consequently, the persuasive effects should be enhanced. To empirically test these assumptions, two online studies were conducted. The first experimental study (N = 151) confirmed that followers experienced stronger PSRs than did nonfollowers, which resulted in higher perceived source trustworthiness and reduced levels of both perceived freedom threat and counterarguing after exposure to a sponsored Instagram post. The second study (N = 225) further confirmed the enhanced persuasive impact of PSRs in terms of brand evaluations and behavioral intentions. The theoretical and practical implications for advertisers, consumer advocates, and future research are discussed.

尽管社交媒体影响者已经成为受欢迎的品牌代言人，但之前对这种新广告形式的研究忽略了分析这些影响者的追随者是如何被说服的。基于娱乐克服阻力模型提出的一个关键机制，长期准社会关系（PSRs）应该减少以抗拒和反驳形式出现的说服阻力。因此，应当加强说服作用。为了实证检验这些假设，进行了两项在线研究。第一个实验研究（N = 151）证实，追随者比非追随者经历了更强的PSR，这导致了更高的感知来源可信度，并降低了在接触到赞助的Instagram帖子后感知到的自由威胁和反驳水平。第二项研究（N = 225）进一步证实了PSR在品牌评价和行为意图方面增强的说服力。讨论了对广告商、消费者权益倡导者和未来研究的理论和实践意义。

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引用次数: 16

Immersive and Interactive Awe: Evoking Awe via Presence in Virtual Reality and Online Videos to Prompt Prosocial Behavior 沉浸和互动敬畏:通过虚拟现实和在线视频的存在来唤起敬畏，以促进亲社会行为

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab007

Adam S. Kahn, A. C. Cargile

Awe is a widely researched, self-transcendent emotion with a robust ability to prompt prosocial behavior. Within the communication and media disciplines, however, the effects of awe have received only limited empirical attention. Moreover, extant research has ignored the role that media affordances may play in engendering awe and prosocial outcomes. This article presents two studies that explore the prosocial consequences of awe, as mediated by presence and when engendered by immersive features of various media, including virtual reality (VR). Study 1 (N = 154) found that awe content presented in highly immersive VR induced awe via an effect entirely mediated by presence, though impacts on subsequent prosocial outcomes were inconsistent. Study 2 (N = 188) attempted to replicate and clarify the prosociality results from Study 1, as well as contextualize them with respect to eudaimonic appreciation and hedonic enjoyment. Results demonstrated awe effects across all three measures of prosociality.

敬畏是一种被广泛研究的自我超越情绪，具有促进亲社会行为的强大能力。然而，在传播和媒体学科中，敬畏的影响只受到有限的实证关注。此外，现有的研究忽略了媒体支持在产生敬畏和亲社会结果方面可能发挥的作用。这篇文章提出了两项研究，探索敬畏的亲社会后果，通过在场和各种媒体(包括虚拟现实(VR))的沉浸式特征产生。研究1 (N = 154)发现，在高度沉浸式VR中呈现的敬畏内容通过一种完全由在场介导的效应诱导敬畏，尽管对随后的亲社会结果的影响并不一致。研究2 (N = 188)试图复制和澄清研究1的亲社会性结果，并将其与幸福欣赏和享乐享受联系起来。结果显示敬畏效应在所有三个亲社会的测量。

引用次数: 13

Staying-at-Home with Tragedy: Self-expansion Through Narratives Promotes Positive Coping with Identity Threat. 与悲剧呆在家里:通过叙事的自我扩张促进了对身份威胁的积极应对。

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-06-21 eCollection Date: 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab005

Guan-Soon Khoo, Jeeyun Oh, Soya Nah

The COVID-19 pandemic created a historic opportunity to study the link between identity threat and individuals' temporary expansion of the boundaries of the self (TEBOTS) through stories. Concurrently, the relationship between eudaimonic entertainment processes and self-expansion, particularly feeling moved and self-awareness, was examined. A quasi-experiment was conducted with an online sample (N = 172) that was randomly assigned to watch either a tragic drama or comedy. Results showed that key TEBOTS predictions were largely confirmed for boundary expansion and the outcomes of narrative engagement and entertainment gratifications. Although identity threat was negatively associated with positive coping with the pandemic, this relationship turned positive when mediated by boundary expansion. Further, exposure to tragedy raised feelings of "being moved," which, in turn, was linked to self-perceptual depth and expanded boundaries of the self downstream. The present findings suggest that self-expansion through story consumption could benefit viewers' positive reframing of challenging life experiences.

2019冠状病毒病大流行为研究身份威胁与个人通过故事暂时扩大自我边界(TEBOTS)之间的联系创造了一个历史性机会。同时，研究人员还研究了快乐娱乐过程与自我扩展之间的关系，特别是情感感动和自我意识。一项准实验是对172名在线样本(N = 172)进行的，他们被随机分配观看悲剧剧或喜剧。结果表明，TEBOTS的关键预测在很大程度上证实了边界扩展、叙事参与和娱乐满足的结果。虽然身份威胁与积极应对大流行呈负相关，但在边界扩大的调节下，这种关系变为正相关。此外，接触悲剧会增加“被感动”的感觉，这反过来又与自我感知的深度和自我下游的扩展边界有关。本研究结果表明，通过故事消费的自我扩展有助于观众积极重构具有挑战性的生活经历。

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引用次数: 6

The Cultivation of Parent and Child Materialism: A Parent-Child Dyadic Study. 亲子唯物主义的培养:亲子二元研究。

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Human Communication Research

Pub Date : 2021-06-14 eCollection Date: 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqab004

Cristel A Russell, L J Shrum

Research has shown that television viewing cultivates a materialistic worldview in children. However, other socialization factors may also influence children's materialism. The current research tests two socialization pathways of parental influence: (a) an indirect path in which parents pass on their own materialism to their children, and the parent's materialism is at least partly the result of a parent cultivation effect (parent cultivation); (b) an indirect path in which parents pass on their television viewing behavior to their children, which in turn positively predicts the children's level of materialism (child cultivation). The results of two studies (initial study plus direct replication, N = 818) of U.S. parent-child dyads with 14- to 17-year-old children support the first path but not the second: The relation between parent TV viewing and child materialism is mediated through parent materialism. Child TV viewing is positively correlated with child materialism, but is nonsignificant when parent materialism is controlled.

研究表明，看电视会培养孩子们的物质世界观。然而，其他社会化因素也可能影响儿童的物质主义。目前的研究测试了父母影响的两种社会化途径:(a)父母将自己的物质主义传递给子女的间接途径，父母的物质主义至少部分是父母培养效应(父母培养)的结果;(b)父母将他们看电视的行为传递给孩子的间接途径，这反过来又正向预测孩子的物质主义水平(儿童培养)。两项针对美国14- 17岁子女的父母-子女二人组的研究(初始研究加直接复制，N = 818)的结果支持第一种途径，但不支持第二种途径:父母看电视与子女物质主义之间的关系是通过父母物质主义介导的。儿童看电视与儿童物质主义呈正相关，但在父母物质主义受到控制时不显著。

引用次数: 5

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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