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Examining semantic (dis)similarity in news through news organizations’ ideological similarity, similarity in truthfulness, and public engagement on social media: a network approach 通过新闻机构的意识形态相似性、真实性相似性和社交媒体上的公众参与来检验新闻的语义(非)相似性:一种网络方法
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac020
Yue Li, Robert M. Bond
The rise of homogenization and polarization in the news may inhibit individuals’ understanding of an issue and the functioning of a democratic society. This study applies a network approach to understanding patterns of semantic similarity and divergence across news coverage. Specifically, we focus on how (a) inter-organizational networks based on media ideology, (b) inter-organizational networks based on news truthfulness, and (c) public engagement that news articles received on social media may affect semantic similarity in the news. We use large-scale user logs data on social media platforms (i.e., Facebook and Twitter) and news text data from more than 100 news organizations over 10 months to examine the three potential processes. Our results show that the similarity between news organizations in terms of media ideology and news truthfulness is positively associated with semantic similarity, whereas the public engagement that news articles received on social media is negatively associated with semantic similarity. Our study contributes to theory development in mass communication by shifting to a network paradigm that connects news organizations, news content, and news audiences. We demonstrate how scholars across communication disciplines may collaborate to integrate distinct theories, connect multiple levels, and link otherwise separate dimensions. Methodologically, we demonstrate how synchronizing network science with natural language processing and combining social media log data with text data can help to answer research questions that communication scholars are interested in. The findings’ implications for news polarization are discussed.
新闻同质化和两极分化的加剧可能会抑制个人对一个问题的理解和民主社会的运作。本研究采用网络方法来理解新闻报道中的语义相似性和差异性模式。具体而言,我们关注(a)基于媒体意识形态的组织间网络,(b)基于新闻真实性的组织间网,以及(c)在社交媒体上收到的新闻文章的公众参与度如何影响新闻中的语义相似性。我们使用社交媒体平台(即脸书和推特)上的大规模用户日志数据和10个月内来自100多家新闻机构的新闻文本数据来研究这三个潜在过程。我们的研究结果表明,新闻机构在媒体意识形态和新闻真实性方面的相似性与语义相似性呈正相关,而新闻文章在社交媒体上的公众参与度与语义相似度负相关。我们的研究通过转向连接新闻机构、新闻内容和新闻受众的网络范式,为大众传播的理论发展做出了贡献。我们展示了跨传播学科的学者如何合作,整合不同的理论,连接多个层面,并将其他独立的维度联系起来。在方法论上,我们展示了将网络科学与自然语言处理同步,并将社交媒体日志数据与文本数据相结合,如何有助于回答传播学者感兴趣的研究问题。讨论了研究结果对新闻两极分化的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Can’t stop thinking about Star Wars and The Office: antecedents of retrospective imaginative involvement 无法停止对《星球大战》和《办公室》的思考:回顾性想象力参与的先例
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac019
Ezgi Ulusoy, Neha Sethi, Joshua Baldwin, Sara M. Grady, D. Ewoldsen
Retrospective imaginative involvement (RII) is a concept that encapsulates how audiences reflect back on a narrative’s characters and events after the story has ended. The current study aims to explicate the antecedents of RII in order to provide initial steps toward creating a theory of RII. Through two studies, we tested the role of familiarity, traits (e.g., curiosity), entertainment experiences broadly (e.g., parasocial relationships), and content- or exposure-specific experiences (e.g., boundary expansion). Results suggest that RII plays an important role in self-regulation through repeated asynchronous engagement with specific narratives. This demonstrates a further mechanism by which narratives impact our lives even after the exposure. Further results and implications are discussed.
回顾想象参与(RII)是一个概念,概括了观众在故事结束后如何反思叙事中的人物和事件。当前的研究旨在解释RII的前因由,以便为创建RII理论提供初步步骤。通过两项研究,我们测试了熟悉度、特征(如好奇心)、广泛的娱乐体验(如副社会关系)以及特定于内容或暴露的体验(如边界扩展)的作用。研究结果表明,RII通过与特定叙述的重复异步参与在自我调节中发挥重要作用。这证明了一种进一步的机制,通过这种机制,即使在曝光之后,叙事也会影响我们的生活。进一步的结果和影响进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Practical rationality as a determinant of formality in communicative situations: toward a procedure for causal interpretation in qualitative communication research 交际情境中作为形式决定因素的实践理性:走向定性交际研究中的因果解释程序
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac018
Nimrod Shavit
This article develops an updated version of formality as an analytical framework in the comparative study of communicative situations, and especially of meetings. The discussion remakes Judith Irvine’s formality framework by adding to it the explanatory principle of practical rationality as used within Weber’s Interpretive Sociology. This conceptual move provides an efficient and accurate means by which to infer the final causes, reasons, or ends of communicative situations. To illustrate this analytical approach and how it can contribute to qualitative theorization in general, the article conducts an in-depth ethnographic and comparative examination of civic software production meetings in Israel and the United States. The overall argument of the article is that practical rationality can provide a valuable means for deepening explanations of cultural difference in qualitative communication research.
这篇文章发展了一个更新版本的形式,作为一个分析框架,在交流情况的比较研究,特别是会议。这场讨论重塑了朱迪斯·欧文的形式框架,在其中加入了韦伯解释社会学中使用的实践理性的解释原则。这一概念动作为推断交际情境的最终原因、原因或目的提供了一种有效而准确的手段。为了说明这种分析方法以及它如何有助于一般的定性理论,本文对以色列和美国的公民软件生产会议进行了深入的民族志和比较研究。本文的总体论点是,在质的传播研究中,实践理性可以为深化文化差异的解释提供有价值的手段。
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引用次数: 0
Deliberating alone: deliberative bias and giving up on political talk 单独商议:商议的偏见和放弃政治谈话
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac016
Bryan Mclaughlin, K. Wilkinson, Hector Rendon, T. Martinez
In our research examining how people think and talk about immigration, we consistently find that people want to have a reasonable conversation about politics, but they often decide that productive conversations are not possible because other people are uninformed, irrational, close-minded, and uncivil. We argue that self-serving biases and phenomenological experiences lead to the biased perception that the self is far more capable of adhering to the ideals of rational deliberation than others, a process that we refer to as deliberative bias. In Study 1, we use data from in-depth interviews to develop the concept of deliberative bias. In Study 2, we use a survey to demonstrate that perceptions that other people are uninformed, irrational, close-minded, and uncivil are related to a decreased likelihood of talking politics with loose ties or those with opposing perspectives. These results suggest that deliberative bias may be a significant impediment to productive political conversations.
在我们调查人们如何思考和谈论移民的研究中,我们始终发现人们希望就政治进行合理的对话,但他们往往认为,由于其他人不了解情况、不理性、思想封闭和不文明,因此不可能进行富有成效的对话。我们认为,自私自利的偏见和现象学经验导致了一种偏见的看法,即自我比他人更有能力坚持理性思考的理想,我们将这一过程称为审议偏见。在研究1中,我们使用深度访谈的数据来发展审慎偏见的概念。在研究2中,我们使用一项调查来证明,认为其他人不了解情况、不理性、思想封闭和不文明的看法与与松散关系或持相反观点的人谈论政治的可能性降低有关。这些结果表明,审慎偏见可能是富有成效的政治对话的重大障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Buy me: the effect of leaders’ perceived personality abroad on consumption of their national products “买我”:国外领导人人格感知对本国产品消费的影响
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac017
M. Balmas, Renana Atia
A substantial body of research has investigated consumer perceptions of a product based on the country where it originated (CoO). Such judgments have been shown to fluctuate due to a number of factors, among them changes in political conditions. The current research shows that a key factor in CoO-based evaluations of products is the image of respective national leaders. In two experimental studies, conducted in the United States, we found that exposure to a news article that positively (vs. negatively) characterizes a foreign leader led to more positive perceptions of that leader’s country; more positive evaluations of products and brands manufactured there; and thereby also to greater willingness to purchase these products. The results amply demonstrate that the news coverage of modern leaders can significantly affect their national trade, and that therefore the responsibility they carry may extend beyond their official role as political figures.
大量研究基于产品原产国(CoO)调查了消费者对产品的看法。事实证明,这种判断会因多种因素而波动,其中包括政治条件的变化。目前的研究表明,基于CoO的产品评估的一个关键因素是各自国家领导人的形象。在美国进行的两项实验研究中,我们发现,接触一篇正面(与负面)描述外国领导人的新闻文章,会对该领导人的国家产生更积极的看法;对那里生产的产品和品牌给予更积极的评价;从而也提高了购买这些产品的意愿。研究结果充分表明,现代领导人的新闻报道会对他们的国家贸易产生重大影响,因此他们所承担的责任可能会超出他们作为政治人物的官方角色。
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引用次数: 0
Algorithms and Organizing 算法与组织
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac013
Tomi Laapotti, Mitra Raappana
Algorithms are a ubiquitous part of organizations as they enable, guide, and restrict organizing at the level of everyday interactions. This essay focuses on algorithms and organizing by reviewing the literature on algorithms in organizations, examining the viewpoint of relationality and relational agency on algorithms and organizing, exploring the properties of algorithms, and concluding what these mean from an organizational communication viewpoint. Algorithms need data to be collected. The data are always biased, and algorithms exclude everything that is not in their code. They define what is seen as important. Their operating principles are opaque, and they are political due to human interference. Algorithms are not just used. Rather, they are co-actors in organizing. We argue that algorithms demand rethinking communication in the communicative constitution of organizations and call for more empirical research emphasizing the properties of algorithms, the relationality of algorithms, and the temporality of the materialization of algorithms.
算法是组织中无处不在的一部分,因为它们在日常交互层面上支持、指导和限制组织。本文通过回顾关于组织中算法的文献,研究关于算法和组织的关系和关系代理的观点,探索算法的特性,并从组织沟通的角度总结这些特性的含义,从而关注算法和组织。算法需要收集数据。数据总是有偏见的,算法排除了代码之外的一切。他们定义了什么是重要的。他们的运作原则是不透明的,由于人为干预,他们是政治性的。算法不仅仅被使用。相反,他们是组织的合作者。我们认为,算法需要在组织的沟通构成中重新思考沟通,并呼吁进行更多的实证研究,强调算法的特性、算法的相关性和算法物化的时间性。
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引用次数: 3
Algorithmic Agents in the Hybrid Media System: Social Bots, Selective Amplification, and Partisan News about COVID-19 混合媒体系统中的算法代理:社交机器人、选择性放大和关于新冠肺炎的党派新闻
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac012
Zening Duan, Jianing Li, Josephine Lukito, Kai-Cheng Yang, Fan Chen, Dhavan V. Shah, Sijia Yang
Social bots, or algorithmic agents that amplify certain viewpoints and interact with selected actors on social media, may influence online discussion, news attention, or even public opinion through coordinated action. Previous research has documented the presence of bot activities and developed detection algorithms. Yet, how social bots influence attention dynamics of the hybrid media system remains understudied. Leveraging a large collection of both tweets (N = 1,657,551) and news stories (N = 50,356) about the early COVID-19 pandemic, we employed bot detection techniques, structural topic modeling, and time series analysis to characterize the temporal associations between the topics Twitter bots tend to amplify and subsequent news coverage across the partisan spectrum. We found that bots represented 8.98% of total accounts, selectively promoted certain topics and predicted coverage aligned with partisan narratives. Our macro-level longitudinal description highlights the role of bots as algorithmic communicators and invites future research to explain micro-level causal mechanisms.
社交机器人,或放大某些观点并在社交媒体上与选定参与者互动的算法代理,可能会通过协调行动影响在线讨论、新闻关注,甚至公众舆论。先前的研究已经记录了机器人活动的存在,并开发了检测算法。然而,社交机器人如何影响混合媒体系统的注意力动态仍然没有得到充分的研究。利用两条推文的大量集合(N = 1657551)和新闻报道(N = 50356)关于早期新冠肺炎大流行,我们采用机器人检测技术、结构主题建模和时间序列分析来表征推特机器人倾向于放大的主题与随后的跨党派新闻报道之间的时间关联。我们发现,机器人占总账户的8.98%,有选择地推广某些话题,并预测与党派叙事一致的报道。我们在宏观层面的纵向描述强调了机器人作为算法传播者的作用,并邀请未来的研究来解释微观层面的因果机制。
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引用次数: 20
Love and Politics: The Influence of Politically (Dis)Similar Romantic Relationships on Political Participation and Relationship Satisfaction 爱情与政治:政治(非)相似浪漫关系对政治参与和关系满意度的影响
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac011
Cynthia Peacock, Joshua R. Pederson
People are more likely to seek out romantic partners who are politically similar to themselves. Nonetheless, romantic partners who disagree politically do exist. This study examines the influence of political (dis)similarity in romantic relationships on both political participation and relationship satisfaction. We found that (1) people in politically similar romantic relationships are more satisfied in their relationships and more politically participative than those who are in dissimilar relationships, (2) discussion expressiveness mediates the relationships between political similarity and satisfaction, (3) discussion frequency and expressiveness mediate the relationship between political similarity and participation, and (4) whereas political conflict intensity mediates the relationship between political similarity and satisfaction, it does not affect participation. Findings indicate that the quality of discussion and conflict, not merely their occurrence, help explain the political and relational results of political (dis)similarity within romantic relationships.
人们更倾向于寻找与自己政治立场相似的恋人。尽管如此,政治立场不同的恋人确实存在。本研究考察了恋爱关系中政治(非)相似性对政治参与和关系满意度的影响。研究发现:(1)政治相似恋爱关系中的人比政治不同恋爱关系中的人对恋爱关系的满意度更高,政治参与程度更高;(2)讨论表达性在政治相似度与满意度之间起中介作用;(3)讨论频率和表达性在政治相似度与参与之间起中介作用。(4)政治冲突强度在政治相似度与满意度之间起中介作用,但不影响参与。研究结果表明,讨论和冲突的质量,而不仅仅是它们的发生,有助于解释恋爱关系中政治(不)相似的政治和关系结果。
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引用次数: 3
When Machine and Bandwagon Heuristics Compete: Understanding Users’ Response to Conflicting AI and Crowdsourced Fact-Checking 当机器和旅行车启发式竞争时:了解用户对人工智能和众包事实核查冲突的反应
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac010
John Banas, Nicholas A. Palomares, A. Richards, David M. Keating, Nick Joyce, Stephen A. Rains
Three experiments tested if the machine and bandwagon heuristics moderate beliefs in fact-checked claims under different conditions of human/machine (dis)agreement and of transparency of the fact-checking system. Across experiments, people were more likely to align their belief in the claim when artificial intelligence (AI) and crowdsourcing agents’ fact-checks were congruent rather than incongruent. The heuristics provided further nuance to the processes, especially as a particular agent suggested truth verdicts. That is, people with stronger belief in the machine heuristic were more likely to judge the claim as true when an AI agent’s fact-check suggested the claim was likely true but not false; likewise, people with stronger belief in the bandwagon heuristic were more likely to judge the claim as true when the crowdsource agent fact-checked the claim to be true but not false. Making the system more transparent to users does not appear to change results.
三个实验测试了在人/机器(不一致)和事实核查系统透明度的不同条件下,机器和从众启发式是否会缓和人们对事实核查主张的信念。在实验中,当人工智能(AI)和众包代理的事实核查一致而不是不一致时,人们更有可能将自己的信念与声明保持一致。启发式为这一过程提供了进一步的细微差别,特别是当一个特定的代理提出真理判断时。也就是说,当人工智能代理的事实核查表明该声明可能是真的但不是假的时候,对机器启发式有更强信念的人更有可能判断该声明为真的;同样,当众包代理对该声明进行事实核查时,相信从众启发式的人更有可能判断该声明为真的,而不是假的。让系统对用户更透明似乎不会改变结果。
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引用次数: 7
Artificial Intelligence and Impression Management: Consequences of Autonomous Conversational Agents Communicating on One’s Behalf 人工智能和印象管理:自主对话代理代表某人进行交流的后果
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac009
Camille G Endacott, Paul M Leonardi
Artificially intelligent communication technologies (AICTs) that operate autonomously with high degrees of conversational fluency can make communication decisions on behalf of their principal users and communicate with those principals’ audiences on their behalf. In this study, we explore how the involvement of AICTs in communication activities shapes how principals engage in impression management and how their communication partners form impressions of them. Through an inductive, comparative field study of users of two AI scheduling technologies, we uncover three communicative practices through which principals engaged in impression management when AICTs communicate on their behalf: interpretation, diplomacy, and staging politeness. We also uncover three processes through which communication partners formed impressions of principals when communicating with them via AICTs: confirmation, transference, and compartmentalization. We show that communication partners can transfer impressions of AICTs to principals themselves and outline the conditions under which such transference is and is not likely. We discuss the implications of these findings for the study of technological mediation of impression management and formation in the age of artificial intelligence and present propositions to guide future empirical research.
具有高度会话流畅性的自主运行的人工智能通信技术(AICTs)可以代表其主要用户做出通信决策,并代表其与这些主要用户的受众进行通信。在本研究中,我们探讨了aict在沟通活动中的参与如何影响校长如何参与印象管理,以及他们的沟通伙伴如何形成对他们的印象。通过对两种人工智能调度技术的用户进行归纳、比较的实地研究,我们发现了三种交际实践,当人工智能技术代表他们进行交流时,委托人通过这些交际实践进行印象管理:口译、外交和表演礼貌。我们还揭示了沟通伙伴在通过aict与他们沟通时形成对委托人印象的三个过程:确认、转移和划分。我们表明,沟通伙伴可以将AICTs的印象转移给校长本人,并概述了这种转移可能发生和不可能发生的条件。我们讨论了这些发现对人工智能时代印象管理和形成的技术中介研究的影响,并提出了指导未来实证研究的建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Communication Research
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