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Colorblind on the color line: critical ethnography of racial inequity in a human service organization serving a community of single-mother families at the margins 肤色线上的色盲:一个为边缘单亲家庭社区服务的人类服务组织中种族不平等的批判性民族志
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad014
Savaughn E Williams, Angela N. Gist-Mackey, Anna Jewell
This study takes an in-depth critical ethnographic look at a local nonprofit human service organization, Lavender Refuge, that supports marginalized families. This study explored the communication of staff/volunteers and residential clients that facilitate or inhibit the nonprofit’s aims to create an inclusive community culture. Critical race theory and social identity theory were utilized as theoretical frameworks to better understand the culture of Lavender Refuge’s community. Findings revealed three dominant themes related to issues of racial (in)equity at Lavender Refuge. The desire for positive identities, controlled performances within the community hindering race conscious (Crenshaw, K. (1995). Race, reform, retrenchment: Transformation and legitimation in anti-discrimination law. In K. Crenshaw, N. Gotanda, G. Peller, & K. Thomas (Eds.), Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement (pp. 103–126). New Press: Distributed by W.W. Norton & Co.) communication. Further, conversations about race were seen as fostering intergroup competition along racial lines, explaining resistance to race communication. Our research team concludes with practical recommendations, resources, and training in hopes they could change the community culture so racial diversity is embraced and equity fostered.
这项研究对当地一家支持边缘化家庭的非营利人类服务组织Lavender Refuge进行了深入的批判性民族志研究。这项研究探讨了工作人员/志愿者和住宅客户之间的沟通,这些沟通促进或阻碍了非营利组织创建包容性社区文化的目标。批判种族理论和社会认同理论被用作更好地理解拉文德避难所社区文化的理论框架。调查结果揭示了与拉文德避难所种族公平问题有关的三个主要主题。对积极身份的渴望,社区内受控制的表现阻碍了种族意识(Crenshaw,K.(1995)。种族、改革、紧缩:反歧视法的转型和合法化。在K.Crenshaw、N.Gotanda、G.Peller和K.Thomas(编辑)的《批判性种族理论:形成这场运动的关键著作》(pp.103-126)中。New Press:由W.W.Norton&Co.发行)通讯。此外,关于种族的对话被视为促进了种族之间的竞争,解释了对种族交流的抵制。我们的研究团队最后提出了切实可行的建议、资源和培训,希望它们能改变社区文化,从而包容种族多样性,促进公平。
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引用次数: 1
Examining difficult conversations and transitional identities through Relational Liminality Theory 从关系有限性理论考察困难对话和过渡身份
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad012
Audra K. Nuru
Framed by Relational Liminality Theory (RLT), the present study explores difficult conversations as sites for identity negotiation during times of relational change and challenge. Specifically, this study focuses on the liminal period between the “before” and the “after” of upheaval to understand how familial and romantic partners make sense of relational transitions. Analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews with 110 individuals who represent a broad scope of ethnic-racial backgrounds, sexual orientations, gender identities, and ages illuminates how difficult conversations simultaneously serve as both engines of sensemaking and triggering events. Results reveal three suprathemes: (a) difficult conversations as liminal relational events, (b) making sense of relational liminality, and (c) difficult conversations as sites for relational struggle and strength. Results support RLT’s heuristic value toward examining how partners live within prolonged periods of relational transition and navigate instabilities of betweenness.
本研究以关系有限性理论为框架,探讨了在关系变化和挑战时期,困难对话作为身份协商的场所。具体而言,这项研究聚焦于剧变“之前”和“之后”之间的临界期,以了解家庭和浪漫伴侣如何理解关系转变。对110名代表广泛种族背景、性取向、性别认同和年龄的个人进行的深入、半结构化采访的分析表明,艰难的对话如何同时成为制造感觉和引发事件的引擎。研究结果揭示了三个超主题:(a)作为关系临界事件的困难对话,(b)理解关系临界,以及(c)作为关系斗争和力量的场所的困难对话。研究结果支持RLT的启发式价值,即研究伴侣如何在关系转换的长时间内生活,以及如何驾驭介数的不稳定性。
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引用次数: 1
Conceptualizing other-resilience: exploring how hearing parents enact resilience for themselves and their children who use cochlear implants 概念化其他恢复力:探索听力正常的父母如何为自己和使用人工耳蜗的孩子创造恢复力
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad015
Kristina M. Scharp, Cimmiaron F. Alvarez, B. A. Barker
After an infant hearing loss (HL) diagnosis, parents face a multitude of stressors as they try to make the best decisions for their children. For many parents with typical hearing, opting for cochlear implantation is part of the decision-making process. Findings from a sample of hearing parents who chose cochlear implantation for their children with HL reveal that they experience (a) five resilience triggers, (b) five resilience processes, and (c) multiple relationships between the triggers and processes. In this study, we also advance the communication theory of resilience to illustrate four ways parents enact resilience on behalf of their children and formalize a heuristic we call other resilience. By examining the resilience between and across the resilience triggers, parent processes, and children processes, we provide practical applications for clinicians, families, and networks.
在婴儿听力损失(HL)诊断后,父母在试图为孩子做出最佳决定时,会面临大量压力。对于许多听力正常的父母来说,选择人工耳蜗植入是决策过程的一部分。从为患有HL的孩子选择人工耳蜗植入的听力父母样本中发现,他们经历了(a)五种恢复力触发因素,(b)五个恢复力过程,以及(c)触发因素和过程之间的多重关系。在这项研究中,我们还提出了韧性的沟通理论,以说明父母代表孩子制定韧性的四种方式,并将我们称之为其他韧性的启发式方法形式化。通过研究弹性触发因素、父母过程和子女过程之间的弹性,我们为临床医生、家庭和网络提供了实际应用。
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引用次数: 0
Using enclave groups to discuss workplace cultural diversity and community inclusion 利用飞地小组讨论工作场所文化多样性和社区包容性
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad006
Rebecca A Kuehl, Molly Krueger Enz, Sara A. Mehltretter Drury
Workplace cultural diversity and community inclusion are two facets of a complex public issue that require a deliberative community-based problem-solving approach. This article reports findings from a qualitative analysis of fourteen focus groups (N = 83 participants) held in a rural Midwestern community that centered on community members’ experiences with workplace cultural diversity and community inclusion. Three themes emerged: (a) racism and micro-aggressions; (b) discomfort talking about and across cultural differences; and (c) lack of belonging. Of the 14 focus groups, five represented enclave groups with culturally diverse employees. By engaging with historically excluded groups, researchers communicated with affected stakeholders when framing the public issue and convening public meetings to discuss that issue. This use of enclave groups to make the initial stages of the deliberative cycle more inclusive has implications for practitioners of public deliberation, scholars of human communication, and citizens and their communities.
工作场所文化多样性和社区包容性是一个复杂的公共问题的两个方面,需要以社区为基础的审慎解决问题的方法。本文报告了对在中西部农村社区举行的14个焦点小组(N = 83参与者)进行定性分析的结果,该小组以社区成员对工作场所文化多样性和社区包容的经验为中心。出现了三个主题:(a)种族主义和微观侵略;(b)在谈论和跨越文化差异时感到不适;(c)缺乏归属感。在14个焦点小组中,有5个代表了拥有多元文化员工的飞地群体。通过与历史上被排斥的群体接触,研究人员在制定公共问题和召集公众会议讨论该问题时,与受影响的利益相关者进行了沟通。利用飞地群体使审议周期的初始阶段更具包容性,这对公共审议的实践者、人类交流的学者、公民及其社区都有影响。
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引用次数: 1
Contesting illness: communicative (dis)enfranchisement in patient–provider conversations about chronic overlapping pain conditions 对抗疾病:关于慢性重叠疼痛状况的患者-提供者对话中的沟通(dis)授权
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad004
E. Hintz, Rachel V. Tucker
Guided by the theory of communicative (dis)enfranchisement (TCD), this study analyzes 738 narratives describing negative (n = 381) and positive (n = 357) patient–provider interactions recounted by 399 female-identifying patients residing in 22 countries who are living with poorly understood chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) such as fibromyalgia, vulvodynia, and endometriosis. Using thematic co-occurrence analysis (TCA), a novel method that builds on the identification of themes to map and visualize conceptual interrelationships, we identify nine enactments of (dis)enfranchising talk (DT) across three functions (discrediting, silencing, and stereotyping), four domains of consequences of DT (perceptual, emotional, physical, and material), and two patterns of co-occurrence between functions and consequences of DT (discrediting and physical, silencing and emotional). We illustrate how three MAXQDA software features can facilitate multi-coder TCA in large qualitative datasets. We offer theoretical implications and practical implications for communication researchers, patients, and medical providers toward improving difficult conversations concerning chronic pain.
本研究以交际(dis)授权理论为指导,分析了738篇描述消极(n = 381)和正(n = 357)由居住在22个国家的399名女性患者讲述的患者与提供者的互动,这些患者患有纤维肌痛、外阴痛和子宫内膜异位症等对慢性重叠疼痛状况(COPCs)知之甚少。使用主题共现分析(TCA),这是一种建立在主题识别基础上的新方法,用于映射和可视化概念相互关系,我们识别了三种功能(抹黑、沉默和刻板印象)、DT后果的四个领域(感知、情感、物理和物质)中的九种授予话语权的行为,以及DT的功能和后果之间的两种共现模式(诋毁和身体、沉默和情感)。我们展示了三个MAXQDA软件功能如何在大型定性数据集中促进多编码器TCA。我们为沟通研究人员、患者和医疗提供者提供了理论启示和实践启示,以改善有关慢性疼痛的困难对话。
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引用次数: 5
“They didn’t really have key experiences that they thought they could bring to the table”: Perceptions of white racial absolution during cross-racial intergroup dialogues “他们并没有真正的关键经验,他们认为他们可以带到谈判桌上”:跨种族间对话中对白人种族赦免的看法
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad008
Chaddrick D. James-Gallaway, Marigold M. Hudock, Corbin Franklin
This article analyzes how White racial absolution, a form of White resistance to interrogating White racial identity through discourse, impedes cross-racial intergroup dialogs (IGDs) and impacts the IGD experience of Students of Color (SOC). Eleven undergraduate IGD students and six undergraduate IGD facilitators participated, and critical race discourse analysis (CRDA) was used for analysis. Findings showed that White students engaged in White racial absolution by avoiding White racial sharing (WRS), or side-stepping conversations regarding their Whiteness. The three themes around WRS included (a) Whiteness as a justification to not contribute to the IGD, (b) offering surface-level commentary regarding Whiteness, and (c) leaning on other social-identity-based marginalities or summoning the racial experiences of People of Color. Implications from this study illustrate that White racial absolution within cross-racial IGD alienates SOC, which stifles the overarching goal of resolving gaps between people of diverse social identity backgrounds.
本文分析了白人种族赦免是一种白人通过话语抵制对白人种族身份的质疑的形式,它如何阻碍跨种族群体间对话(IGDs)并影响有色人种学生(SOC)的IGD体验。11名本科IGD学生和6名本科IGD辅导员参与,使用批判性种族话语分析(CRDA)进行分析。研究结果表明,白人学生通过避免白人种族分享(WRS)或回避关于他们的白人身份的对话来参与白人种族赦免。围绕WRS的三个主题包括:(a)白人作为不参与IGD的理由,(b)提供关于白人的表面评论,以及(c)依赖其他基于社会身份的边缘或召唤有色人种的种族经验。本研究表明,跨种族IGD中的白人种族赦免疏远了SOC,从而扼杀了解决不同社会身份背景人群之间差距的总体目标。
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引用次数: 1
Audience–campaign planner interaction in social media communication campaigns: how it influences intended campaign responses in the observing audience 社交媒体传播活动中的受众-活动策划人互动:它如何影响观察受众的预期活动反应
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad003
Jingyuan Shi, Y. Dai
We proposed a dual typology of audiences for social media communication campaigns: the participating audience, who interacts with campaign planners, and the observing audience, who observes those interactions. Situated in a context of promoting seeking counseling for depression, our online experiment (N = 570) demonstrated that the similarity of the observing and participating audiences (high vs. low), the message features of campaign planners’ replies (high person-centeredness vs. low person-centeredness vs. no reply), and the observing audience’s predispositions (with vs. without depressive symptoms) jointly affected the observing audience’s attitude toward seeking counseling. For observers with depressive symptoms, seeing a campaigner addressing a negative comment that reflects a similar concern of their own mitigated the adverse impact of the comment on the observers’ attitude. Our findings introduce a theoretical lens for understanding a communication process unique to campaigns on social media and offer insights into how the process shapes campaigns’ intended responses.
我们提出了社交媒体传播活动受众的双重类型:参与受众,与活动策划人互动,观察受众,观察这些互动。我们的在线实验(N = 570)表明,观察和参与受众的相似性(高与低)、活动策划人回复的信息特征(高以人为本与低以人为本与无回复)以及观察受众的倾向(有与无抑郁症状)共同影响了观察受众寻求咨询的态度。对于有抑郁症状的观察者来说,看到一位活动人士发表反映他们自己类似担忧的负面评论,可以减轻评论对观察者态度的不利影响。我们的研究结果引入了一个理论视角,用于理解社交媒体上活动特有的沟通过程,并深入了解该过程如何塑造活动的预期反应。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of pro-white identity cues in American political candidate communication 亲白人身份线索在美国政治候选人沟通中的作用
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad002
D. Lane, Afsoon Hansia, M. Saleem
American politicians have always harnessed the group nature of politics to build political power. Yet it is unclear whether explicit appeals to dominant group identities (e.g., white identity) can help political leaders win support from dominant group members (e.g., white Americans). Four experimental studies (N = 2,279; two pre-registered) used the identity ownership perspective (Kreiss et al., 2020) to examine how a fictional candidates’ support or opposition toward renting city space to dominant group members (e.g., white Music Association) affected white Americans’ evaluations of that candidate. Support for white groups was perceived as prototypical of Republicans, but expressing such support decreased candidates’ favorability. However, findings suggested: (a) decreases were smaller for white Republican (vs. Democrat) participants (Study 2) and (b) candidates faced similar negative evaluations if they communicated opposition to policies favoring white people (Studies 3–4). Results offered some support for candidate prototypicality as a mechanism for these effects.
美国政客总是利用政治的群体性来建立政治权力。然而,目前尚不清楚对主导群体身份(如白人身份)的明确呼吁是否能帮助政治领导人赢得主导群体成员(如美国白人)的支持。四项实验研究(N = 2279;两个预先注册的)使用身份所有权视角(Kreiss et al.,2020)来研究虚构候选人对将城市空间出租给占主导地位的群体成员(如白人音乐协会)的支持或反对如何影响美国白人对该候选人的评价。对白人群体的支持被认为是共和党人的典型,但表达这种支持会降低候选人的好感度。然而,研究结果表明:(a)白人共和党(与民主党)参与者的下降幅度较小(研究2);(b)如果候选人表达了对有利于白人的政策的反对意见,他们将面临类似的负面评价(研究3-4)。结果为候选的原型性作为这些效应的机制提供了一些支持。
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引用次数: 0
Pornography and religiosity: prediction and process 色情与宗教:预测与过程
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqad005
P. Wright, R. Tokunaga, Samuel L. Perry, Stephen A. Rains
Sexual behavior and religious practice are fundamental social dynamics of longstanding interest to communication scholars. Drawing insights from the Reinforcing Spirals Model (RSM) and Sexual Script Acquisition, Activation, Application Model (3AM), this study examined whether (a) religiosity operated primarily as a predictor of later pornography consumption, which in turn predicted heightened sexual permissiveness, or (b) earlier pornography consumption predicted lower religiosity, which in turn predicted increased sexual permissiveness. Analyses of four subsamples from nationally representative three-wave panel data yielded some evidence for both pathways, but support for the latter pathway was more robust. These findings underscore the potential influence of media on attitudes through changes in ostensibly more stable characteristics such as religiosity, in addition to the direct attitudinal effects typically theorized in communication research. They also suggest several areas where the explanatory and predictive power of the RSM and/or 3AM might be enhanced through increased clarity, nuance, and scope.
性行为和宗教实践是传播学学者长期关注的基本社会动态。借鉴强化螺旋模型(RSM)和性脚本获取、激活、应用模型(3AM)的见解,本研究考察了(a)宗教信仰是否主要作为后来的色情消费的预测因素,这反过来预测了更高的性宽容,或者(b)早期色情消费预测了更低的宗教信仰,这反过来又预测了更高的性宽容。对来自全国代表性三波面板数据的四个子样本的分析为两种途径提供了一些证据,但对后一种途径的支持更为有力。这些发现强调了媒体通过改变表面上更稳定的特征(如宗教信仰)对态度的潜在影响,以及传播研究中通常理论化的直接态度影响。他们还提出了几个领域,其中RSM和/或3AM的解释和预测能力可以通过增加清晰度、细微差别和范围来增强。
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引用次数: 2
Why do individuals create posts on organizations’ social media pages? Identifications, functions, and audiences beyond the organizational boundary for social change 为什么个人会在组织的社交媒体页面上发布帖子?社会变革的组织边界之外的身份、功能和受众
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqac034
Jennifer Ihm
Previous research has centered on nonprofit organizations’ (NPOs’) roles in developing relationships with the public and leading collective action. However, individuals may also create posts on NPOs’ social media pages to generate relationships with audiences other than the organization, and to self-mobilize connective action to reach their own goals. Based on content analysis of 576 actual posts and survey responses about them, this study suggests that posters with high organizational identification respond to the focal organizations, while those with high issue identification use the organizational context for their own purposes, disseminating information related to the focal issue to the general population or promoting the issue to their personal networks. This study extends discussions of ramifications of multiple identifications in the social media environment and captures the transformed relationships between organizations and individuals who create posts on NPOs’ social media pages and their new roles in connective action.
以前的研究主要集中在非营利组织(NPOs)在发展与公众的关系和领导集体行动中的作用。然而,个人也可能在非营利组织的社交媒体页面上发帖,与组织以外的受众建立关系,并自我动员联系行动,以实现自己的目标。通过对576篇实际帖子的内容分析和对帖子的调查反馈,本研究表明,组织认同度高的发帖者对焦点组织做出回应,而问题认同度高的发帖者利用组织背景为自己的目的,向一般人群传播与焦点问题相关的信息,或将问题推广到他们的个人网络。本研究扩展了对社交媒体环境中多重身份的影响的讨论,并捕捉到了在非营利组织的社交媒体页面上创建帖子的组织和个人之间的关系转变,以及他们在关联行动中的新角色。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Communication Research
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