Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.22353/ps.v19i558.2527
Pavel Maškarinec
Since its democratization in 1990 (see Fish 2001; Fritz 2002; Fritz 2008; Fish and Seeberg 2017; Aagaard Seeberg 2018), Mongolia has held eight elections (1992–2020) to its unicameral parliament – the Great State Khural. Previously, Mongolia’s electoral system has attracted only scant attention in comprehensive comparative studies of electoral institutions (Maškarinec 2017; Maškarinec 2019a; Jacob and Schenke 2020) and of politics generally (Croissant 2007; Reilly 2007; Croissant and Schächter 2010; Croissant and Völkel 2012), although Mongolia is one of the few countries (if not the only one) of post-communist Asia which experienced successful long-term democratization and consolidation (Fish 2001; Fritz 2002; Schneider and Schmitter 2004; Soni 2013). The success of these processes was not precluded even though the country lacked the many prerequisites which are normally considered favourable for democratization (see Fish 1998).
自1990年民主化以来(见Fish 2001;弗里茨2002;弗里茨2008;Fish and Seeberg 2017;Aagaard Seeberg 2018)，蒙古已经举行了8次一院制议会选举(1992年至2020年)。此前，蒙古的选举制度在选举制度的综合比较研究中很少受到关注(Maškarinec 2017;马škarinec 2019;Jacob and Schenke 2020)和一般的政治(Croissant 2007;赖利2007;牛角面包和Schächter 2010;Croissant和Völkel 2012)，尽管蒙古是后共产主义亚洲经历了成功的长期民主化和巩固的少数国家之一(如果不是唯一的话)(Fish 2001;弗里茨2002;Schneider and Schmitter 2004;索尼2013)。尽管该国缺乏通常被认为有利于民主化的许多先决条件，但并不排除这些进程取得成功(见Fish 1998)。
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Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.22353/ps.v19i558.2519
М.Мөнхзул
Понятия национальное самосознание и национальная идентификация очень часто понимаются как синонимы, однако, по нашему мнению, эти понятия необходимо разграничить. Национальное самосознание это осознание народом себя как этнической общности. Национальное самосознание возникнув, становится важным условием существования и развития нации, оно во многом основывается на национальной идентификации, которая рассматривается как механизм формирования этнического самосознания. Национальная идентичность чаше всего остается неизменной на протяжении всей жизни человека, но все-таки этот феномен – статичное адинамичное образование, поэтому внешние социальные обстоятельства могут толкать человека любого возраста на переосмысление роли национальной принадлежности в его жизни.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.22353/ps.v19i558.2528
Ж.ТӨРТОГТОХ
In this paper, the author considers the Republic of Korea’s legislative institution. In order to develop the parliamentary institution in the present social conditions of Mongolia, it is required to identify and describe the Parliament’s operation, functions, features, and its status in the state structure and conduct comparative study of the Parliament of Republic of Korea. In connection with the above, it is essential to emphasize theoretical and practical issues related to features of functions, electoral mechanisms, operation and status of the Republic of Korea’s parliament in the political system.
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