Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4196
L. I. Khudyakova, Natalia M. Garkusheva, Irina Yu. Kotova, P. Paleev
Relevance. The need to dispose ash and slag waste from CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 in Ulan-Ude, which have a negative impact on the environment. A promising way to eliminate environmental damage is the biological reclamation of ash dumps. Its result is manifested in greening dumps and reducing ash deflation. Aim. To study ash and slag wastes from thermal power plants in Ulan-Ude and establish the possibility of reclamation of ash dumps to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Objects. Ash and slag wastes from the ash dumps of CHPP-1 (ASW-1) and CHPP-2 (ASW-2) in Ulan-Ude. Methods. Chemical, X-ray phase, granulometric, microscopic methods of analysis. Results. The authors have determined chemical, mineralogical and grain compositions of ash and slag wastes from thermal power plants. It was established that they have a high content of silicon, aluminum and a low content of calcium and magnesium. Ash and slag contain vitreous, crystalline and organic components. In the waste, to a greater extent, there is a crystalline phase containing silica, mullite, hematite, magnetite and, to a lesser extent, a glass phase, represented mainly by minerals of the orthoclase group. In terms of granulometric composition, the waste from CHPP-1 is dominated by a finer fraction compared to CHPP-2. Laboratory studies of soil mixtures based on ash and slag waste and local ameliorants (sewage sludge, lignin and chicken manure) were carried out. The optimal ratio of soil components was determined, equal to 4:1:1:1. A beneficial effect of sewage sludge was revealed, as well as a negative effect of high doses of bird droppings on growth and development of plants. Pure ash and slag from CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 without introduction of ameliorants can act as an independent substrate for perennial grasses.
{"title":"Possibility of reclamation of ash dumps","authors":"L. I. Khudyakova, Natalia M. Garkusheva, Irina Yu. Kotova, P. Paleev","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4196","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need to dispose ash and slag waste from CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 in Ulan-Ude, which have a negative impact on the environment. A promising way to eliminate environmental damage is the biological reclamation of ash dumps. Its result is manifested in greening dumps and reducing ash deflation. Aim. To study ash and slag wastes from thermal power plants in Ulan-Ude and establish the possibility of reclamation of ash dumps to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Objects. Ash and slag wastes from the ash dumps of CHPP-1 (ASW-1) and CHPP-2 (ASW-2) in Ulan-Ude. Methods. Chemical, X-ray phase, granulometric, microscopic methods of analysis. Results. The authors have determined chemical, mineralogical and grain compositions of ash and slag wastes from thermal power plants. It was established that they have a high content of silicon, aluminum and a low content of calcium and magnesium. Ash and slag contain vitreous, crystalline and organic components. In the waste, to a greater extent, there is a crystalline phase containing silica, mullite, hematite, magnetite and, to a lesser extent, a glass phase, represented mainly by minerals of the orthoclase group. In terms of granulometric composition, the waste from CHPP-1 is dominated by a finer fraction compared to CHPP-2. Laboratory studies of soil mixtures based on ash and slag waste and local ameliorants (sewage sludge, lignin and chicken manure) were carried out. The optimal ratio of soil components was determined, equal to 4:1:1:1. A beneficial effect of sewage sludge was revealed, as well as a negative effect of high doses of bird droppings on growth and development of plants. Pure ash and slag from CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 without introduction of ameliorants can act as an independent substrate for perennial grasses.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"135 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4436
Nikolay N. Galashov, Alexander A. Tubolev, Evgeny S. Boldushevsky, Alexander A. Minor
Relevance. Reduction of natural gas consumption and emissions of harmful substances into the environment based on introduction of water vapor into a combustion chamber of a contact gas-steam installation. Aim. To carry out numerical studies on the influence of relative steam flow into the combustion chamber of the contact gas-steam installation on its energy characteristics. Objects. Contact gas-steam installations based on gas turbines with steam injection into the combustion chamber. Methods. Numerical methods based on material and energy balances of systems and elements of gas-steam installations. Results. Based on the calculation of the thermal circuit of the contact gas-steam installation, the authors have studied the influence of the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber on its energy characteristics. It was determined that the absolute electrical efficiency of the contact gas-steam installation increases linearly with growth of relative steam flow into the combustion chamber. The range of changes in the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber strongly depends on the temperature of the gases behind the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the air compressor; the smaller these parameters are, the greater the range of changes. The maximum efficiency of 56% for all options is achieved at the maximum relative steam flow into the combustion chamber. It was established that the excess air coefficient, depending on the relative steam flow rate, decreases linearly, and the higher the temperature of the gases behind the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the air compressor, the greater the rate of decline and the smaller the range of changes in the relative steam flow rate. It was revealed that the efficiency coefficient strongly depends on the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber, the temperature of the gases behind it and the degree of compression in the air compressor; with increasing these parameters, it increases linearly. It was determined that the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the gas turbine also strongly depends on the relative flow of steam into the combustion chamber, the temperature of the gases at its outlet and the compression ratio in the compressor. With an increase in the relative flow of steam into the combustion chamber, this temperature increases linearly from 600 to 700°C, while the higher the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the compressor, the higher the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the gas turbine. The authors revealed the dependence of useful work on a gas turbine shaft on the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber. With an increase in the relative steam flow, the useful work on the gas turbine shaft increases along the branch of the parabola. The higher the temperature of the gases behind the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the compressor, the steeper the branch
{"title":"Impact of steam flow into a combustion chamber of a contact gas-steam installation on its energy characteristics","authors":"Nikolay N. Galashov, Alexander A. Tubolev, Evgeny S. Boldushevsky, Alexander A. Minor","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4436","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Reduction of natural gas consumption and emissions of harmful substances into the environment based on introduction of water vapor into a combustion chamber of a contact gas-steam installation. Aim. To carry out numerical studies on the influence of relative steam flow into the combustion chamber of the contact gas-steam installation on its energy characteristics. Objects. Contact gas-steam installations based on gas turbines with steam injection into the combustion chamber. Methods. Numerical methods based on material and energy balances of systems and elements of gas-steam installations. Results. Based on the calculation of the thermal circuit of the contact gas-steam installation, the authors have studied the influence of the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber on its energy characteristics. It was determined that the absolute electrical efficiency of the contact gas-steam installation increases linearly with growth of relative steam flow into the combustion chamber. The range of changes in the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber strongly depends on the temperature of the gases behind the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the air compressor; the smaller these parameters are, the greater the range of changes. The maximum efficiency of 56% for all options is achieved at the maximum relative steam flow into the combustion chamber. It was established that the excess air coefficient, depending on the relative steam flow rate, decreases linearly, and the higher the temperature of the gases behind the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the air compressor, the greater the rate of decline and the smaller the range of changes in the relative steam flow rate. It was revealed that the efficiency coefficient strongly depends on the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber, the temperature of the gases behind it and the degree of compression in the air compressor; with increasing these parameters, it increases linearly. It was determined that the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the gas turbine also strongly depends on the relative flow of steam into the combustion chamber, the temperature of the gases at its outlet and the compression ratio in the compressor. With an increase in the relative flow of steam into the combustion chamber, this temperature increases linearly from 600 to 700°C, while the higher the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the compressor, the higher the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the gas turbine. The authors revealed the dependence of useful work on a gas turbine shaft on the relative steam flow into the combustion chamber. With an increase in the relative steam flow, the useful work on the gas turbine shaft increases along the branch of the parabola. The higher the temperature of the gases behind the combustion chamber and the compression ratio in the compressor, the steeper the branch ","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"336 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/3783
Dmitriy A. Baranov, Sergey F. Vyaznikovtsev, Oksana G. Mamaeva
Relevance. The need to ensure the integrity of the wellbore, composed of clay rocks, and the stability of drilling fluid when drilling in conditions of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate aggression. Aim. To determine experimentally the effect of carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbonate ions on clay depending on the presence of calcium ions in the dispersion medium. Objects. Water contaminated with carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbonate ions with different equivalent concentrations of calcium ions. Methods. Inhibitory and peptizing properties of the objects of study in relation to the clay rock were studied by the method of clay swelling when it was in the water under study (on the Zhigacha-Yarov device); methods of chemical analysis (complexometric and acid-base titration) and potentiometry were used to control water composition and properties. Results. The peptizing and inhibiting properties of drilling fluid depend significantly on the form of carbonic acid present in the dispersion medium and the equivalent content of calcium ions (Ca2+). It was found that carbonic acid (H2CO3) contributes to clay inhibition (coagulation), bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) and carbonate ions (CO32–) – clay peptization. Calcium ions (Ca2+) do not have an inhibitory effect in the presence of carbonic acid (H2CO3) – hydrogen ions (H+) displace exchangeable cations from the interlayer space of clays and, due to their small diameter, independently inhibit clay swelling. In the presence of bicarbonate ions (HCO3–), calcium ions (Ca2+) also do not have an inhibitory effect – bicarbonate ions (HCO3–), being in a dispersion medium, draw calcium ions (Ca2+) from the clay surface, increasing the thickness of the electrical double layer. In the presence of carbonate ions (CO32–) the calcium ions (Ca2+) precipitate and effectively prevent clay peptization only in the presence of hydroxide ions (OH–). The authors proved experimentally that calcium ions (Ca2+) in the presence of hydroxide ions (OH–) have a better inhibitory ability than hydrogen ions (H+) of dissociated carbonic acid (H2CO3). A mechanism was proposed for inhibiting the swelling of clays by calcium ions (Ca2+) in the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-), based on the adsorption of the hydrated calcium ion (Ca2+) on a silica tetrahedral sheet due to the preliminary protonation of its oxygen atoms by water molecules. The conditions required for clay effective peptization are formulated: [CO32–]≥0; [OH–]>0, [Ca2+]=0, pH>11.5; for clay swelling inhibition: [CO32–]=0; [OH–]>0, [Ca2+]>0 and pH>11.5.
{"title":"Clay peptization and clay swelling inhibition in the presence of carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbonate ions and calcium ions","authors":"Dmitriy A. Baranov, Sergey F. Vyaznikovtsev, Oksana G. Mamaeva","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/3783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/3783","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need to ensure the integrity of the wellbore, composed of clay rocks, and the stability of drilling fluid when drilling in conditions of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate aggression. Aim. To determine experimentally the effect of carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbonate ions on clay depending on the presence of calcium ions in the dispersion medium. Objects. Water contaminated with carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbonate ions with different equivalent concentrations of calcium ions. Methods. Inhibitory and peptizing properties of the objects of study in relation to the clay rock were studied by the method of clay swelling when it was in the water under study (on the Zhigacha-Yarov device); methods of chemical analysis (complexometric and acid-base titration) and potentiometry were used to control water composition and properties. Results. The peptizing and inhibiting properties of drilling fluid depend significantly on the form of carbonic acid present in the dispersion medium and the equivalent content of calcium ions (Ca2+). It was found that carbonic acid (H2CO3) contributes to clay inhibition (coagulation), bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) and carbonate ions (CO32–) – clay peptization. Calcium ions (Ca2+) do not have an inhibitory effect in the presence of carbonic acid (H2CO3) – hydrogen ions (H+) displace exchangeable cations from the interlayer space of clays and, due to their small diameter, independently inhibit clay swelling. In the presence of bicarbonate ions (HCO3–), calcium ions (Ca2+) also do not have an inhibitory effect – bicarbonate ions (HCO3–), being in a dispersion medium, draw calcium ions (Ca2+) from the clay surface, increasing the thickness of the electrical double layer. In the presence of carbonate ions (CO32–) the calcium ions (Ca2+) precipitate and effectively prevent clay peptization only in the presence of hydroxide ions (OH–). The authors proved experimentally that calcium ions (Ca2+) in the presence of hydroxide ions (OH–) have a better inhibitory ability than hydrogen ions (H+) of dissociated carbonic acid (H2CO3). A mechanism was proposed for inhibiting the swelling of clays by calcium ions (Ca2+) in the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-), based on the adsorption of the hydrated calcium ion (Ca2+) on a silica tetrahedral sheet due to the preliminary protonation of its oxygen atoms by water molecules. The conditions required for clay effective peptization are formulated: [CO32–]≥0; [OH–]>0, [Ca2+]=0, pH>11.5; for clay swelling inhibition: [CO32–]=0; [OH–]>0, [Ca2+]>0 and pH>11.5.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4459
Natalia V. Baranovskaya, Svetlana I. Mazukhina, A. Panichev, Еlena А. Vakh, Irina A. Tarasenko, Ivan V. Seryodkin, S. Ilenok, Vladimir V. Ivanov, Elena V. Ageeva, Raisa A. Makarevich, Dmitry A. Strepetov, Alena V. Vetoshkina
Relevance. An original modeling method is presented, which allows obtaining qualitatively new results in practice of ecological-geochemical and biomedical research. Aim. To obtain new data on the forms of element migration in the conditions of animal and human organism parameters by means of physicochemical modeling (PC "Selector") with verification of calculated data with the results obtained for real natural objects and animal organisms. Objects. Samples of natural waters and tissues of wild animals. Methods. Computer modeling (PC "Selector"); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent 7700x spectrometer) – 55 elements; atomic emission spectrometry (AES, spectrometer iCAP 7600 Duo) –- 5 macrocations; ion chromatography (IC, ion-liquid chromatograph LC-20) – 6 anions; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, mass spectrometer NexION 300D; scanning electron microscopes Hitachi S-3400N with Bruker X@Flash 5010 energy dispersive spectrometer. Results. By means of modeling, the authors have determined the qualitative and quantitative composition of the system "solution – crystalline substance". They took into account environmental conditions and physiological parameters of animal and human organism. Natural drinking water, gastric juice, mixture of drinking water and gastric juice were used as a solution, and crystalline substance was used as newly formed mineral phases in equilibrium with the solution. The work allowed establishing that the complexes assumed in the model experiment can be the cause of appearance of nanomineral phases of chemical elements in separate tissues of a living organism.
{"title":"Features of chemical elements migration in natural waters and their deposition in the form of neocrystallisations in living organisms (physico-chemical modeling with animal testing)","authors":"Natalia V. Baranovskaya, Svetlana I. Mazukhina, A. Panichev, Еlena А. Vakh, Irina A. Tarasenko, Ivan V. Seryodkin, S. Ilenok, Vladimir V. Ivanov, Elena V. Ageeva, Raisa A. Makarevich, Dmitry A. Strepetov, Alena V. Vetoshkina","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4459","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. An original modeling method is presented, which allows obtaining qualitatively new results in practice of ecological-geochemical and biomedical research. Aim. To obtain new data on the forms of element migration in the conditions of animal and human organism parameters by means of physicochemical modeling (PC \"Selector\") with verification of calculated data with the results obtained for real natural objects and animal organisms. Objects. Samples of natural waters and tissues of wild animals. Methods. Computer modeling (PC \"Selector\"); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent 7700x spectrometer) – 55 elements; atomic emission spectrometry (AES, spectrometer iCAP 7600 Duo) –- 5 macrocations; ion chromatography (IC, ion-liquid chromatograph LC-20) – 6 anions; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, mass spectrometer NexION 300D; scanning electron microscopes Hitachi S-3400N with Bruker X@Flash 5010 energy dispersive spectrometer. Results. By means of modeling, the authors have determined the qualitative and quantitative composition of the system \"solution – crystalline substance\". They took into account environmental conditions and physiological parameters of animal and human organism. Natural drinking water, gastric juice, mixture of drinking water and gastric juice were used as a solution, and crystalline substance was used as newly formed mineral phases in equilibrium with the solution. The work allowed establishing that the complexes assumed in the model experiment can be the cause of appearance of nanomineral phases of chemical elements in separate tissues of a living organism.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"41 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4294
Maxim I. Yarkov, Larisa O. Leibovich, Pavel A. Krasilnikov, Galina M. Batrakova
Relevance. The importance of industrial and technical water supply to an oil field in the north-east of Perm region. The requirements to subsoil use and environment protection demand a sanitary restriction zone of the water supply source in the northern part of the field. The current study of a geological structure and groundwater conditions and circulation of Sheshma aquifer complex will assess its resources and elaborate on organization of water supply to the oil field. Aim. To study geological structure and groundwater conditions of Sheshma aquifer complex. Objects. Formations rocks and groundwater conditions of Sheshma terrigenous complex. Methods. Studying the archival records, conducting a hydro-geological survey of the territory, drilling groundwater exploration wells, conducting pilot-filtration works on groundwater exploration wells in the flooding and low-water period. Results. The authors have discovered Sheshma formation thickness, which ranges from 100–150 to 300 m, and lithological composition of rocks and groundwater conditions of Sheshma aquifer complex. It was established that groundwater is deposited as a system of separate isolated water-bearing interlayers and blocks within the Durinsky trough. The most water-bearing zones were identified. Two aquifers of fine-grained and coarse-grained sandstones were detected in low-permeability thickness of Sheshma formation. The aquifers are not hydraulically connected and are separated from each other by a 40 m thick layer of water-resistant mudstones. Groundwater is deposited as strata with Neumann's boundary conditions, orientated sublatitudinally, from west to east. The obtained data can be further used to solve the issues of water supply within the area under study and the rational use of these waters.
{"title":"Geological and hydrogeological structure of the Sheshma terrigenous complex of the Belsky uplift","authors":"Maxim I. Yarkov, Larisa O. Leibovich, Pavel A. Krasilnikov, Galina M. Batrakova","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4294","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The importance of industrial and technical water supply to an oil field in the north-east of Perm region. The requirements to subsoil use and environment protection demand a sanitary restriction zone of the water supply source in the northern part of the field. The current study of a geological structure and groundwater conditions and circulation of Sheshma aquifer complex will assess its resources and elaborate on organization of water supply to the oil field. Aim. To study geological structure and groundwater conditions of Sheshma aquifer complex. Objects. Formations rocks and groundwater conditions of Sheshma terrigenous complex. Methods. Studying the archival records, conducting a hydro-geological survey of the territory, drilling groundwater exploration wells, conducting pilot-filtration works on groundwater exploration wells in the flooding and low-water period. Results. The authors have discovered Sheshma formation thickness, which ranges from 100–150 to 300 m, and lithological composition of rocks and groundwater conditions of Sheshma aquifer complex. It was established that groundwater is deposited as a system of separate isolated water-bearing interlayers and blocks within the Durinsky trough. The most water-bearing zones were identified. Two aquifers of fine-grained and coarse-grained sandstones were detected in low-permeability thickness of Sheshma formation. The aquifers are not hydraulically connected and are separated from each other by a 40 m thick layer of water-resistant mudstones. Groundwater is deposited as strata with Neumann's boundary conditions, orientated sublatitudinally, from west to east. The obtained data can be further used to solve the issues of water supply within the area under study and the rational use of these waters.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4203
Sergey I. Fomin, Aleksa Ljeljen
Relevance. The need to optimize production of cement raw materials and reduce the cost of processing raw materials. A surface miner combine allow high selective mining of a deposit, which helps to reduce moisture content of cement raw materials and reduce energy costs in a cement plant. In open-cast mining of cement raw materials deposits with the use of the surface miner combines, the increase in economic efficiency of mining operations can be achieved by determining the rational values of ore losses and dilution. Aim. To determine rational level of cement raw material losses during field development by surface miners. Objects. Cement industry quarries excavated with of the surface miner combines. Methods. Technical and economic analysis of the cement plant Beočin (Serbia), summation and synthesis of materials, sources and data available in the public domain, as well as calculations to determine the amount of loss and dilution of mineral resources at ore–rock contact for mining conditions of the quarry for extracting cement raw materials. Results. The main problems that arise during mining quarries for extracting cement raw materials have been identified. It concerns the determination of the volume of losses and dilution of mineral resources at the ore–rock contact for mining conditions of the quarry for extraction of cement raw materials. The authors present and substantiate conclusions about further effective application of optimal mining technology, with the use of the surface miner combines, which allows reducing the cost of production of minerals and specific operating costs of transporting carbonate rocks compared to the traditional technology of mining works at 50–60%.
{"title":"Improvement of the methods for determining ore losses when designing cement raw material deposit mining by surface miner combines","authors":"Sergey I. Fomin, Aleksa Ljeljen","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4203","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need to optimize production of cement raw materials and reduce the cost of processing raw materials. A surface miner combine allow high selective mining of a deposit, which helps to reduce moisture content of cement raw materials and reduce energy costs in a cement plant. In open-cast mining of cement raw materials deposits with the use of the surface miner combines, the increase in economic efficiency of mining operations can be achieved by determining the rational values of ore losses and dilution. Aim. To determine rational level of cement raw material losses during field development by surface miners. Objects. Cement industry quarries excavated with of the surface miner combines. Methods. Technical and economic analysis of the cement plant Beočin (Serbia), summation and synthesis of materials, sources and data available in the public domain, as well as calculations to determine the amount of loss and dilution of mineral resources at ore–rock contact for mining conditions of the quarry for extracting cement raw materials. Results. The main problems that arise during mining quarries for extracting cement raw materials have been identified. It concerns the determination of the volume of losses and dilution of mineral resources at the ore–rock contact for mining conditions of the quarry for extraction of cement raw materials. The authors present and substantiate conclusions about further effective application of optimal mining technology, with the use of the surface miner combines, which allows reducing the cost of production of minerals and specific operating costs of transporting carbonate rocks compared to the traditional technology of mining works at 50–60%.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4475
A. Gil, K. Maltsev, Nikita V. Abramov, Alexander S. Zavorin, Alexander V. Starchenko
Relevance. The need to analyze the furnace processes in boiler units with vertical vortex when arranging pulverized coal combustion with the enhancement of environmental parameters through the installation of tertiary blast nozzles. Despite the carbon-free policy in modern power engineering coal remains one of the main sources of energy, so the reconstruction of boiler units in order to reduce harmful emissions is very relevant. Aim. To study aerodynamics and combustion processes of pulverized coal fuel in the furnace chamber of a boiler unit with a tangential arrangement of burner devices using a combustion scheme with tertiary air blowing. Methods. The Eulerian–Lagrangian approach was applied to numerical study of flow characteristics, heat transfer and combustion in a furnace with a tangential burner arrangement. Also, k-ε model of gas turbulence, particle-turbulence interaction, diffusion model of particle dispersion, P-1 radiation modeling method and pulverized coal particle combustion model based on global particle kinetics and experimental data were used for numerical calculations. Results. Based on numerical calculations and analysis, the dependences of combustion product concentrations, temperature, hydrodynamics at combustion of Kuznetsky coal grade D in the furnace chamber with tangential arrangement of burners for brown coal, as well as at installation of tertiary blast nozzles have been obtained. Insufficient redistribution of air between burners and tertiary nozzles is revealed, as for maintenance of stable twist of vertical vortex and accordingly presence of high values of velocities at the outlet of burner devices it is not possible to increase the portion of tertiary air without reconstruction of burners. It is also established that the volume of the furnace chamber below the burners is poorly involved in heat exchange.
相关性。在安排煤粉燃烧时，需要分析带有垂直涡流的锅炉机组的炉膛过程，并通过安装三级鼓风喷嘴提高环境参数。尽管现代电力工程实行无碳政策，但煤炭仍是主要能源之一，因此，重建锅炉机组以减少有害气体排放非常重要。目标研究切向布置燃烧器装置的锅炉机组炉膛内煤粉燃料的空气动力学和燃烧过程，采用三次鼓风燃烧方案。方法采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法对切向布置燃烧器的炉膛内的流动特性、传热和燃烧进行了数值研究。数值计算还采用了气体湍流 k-ε 模型、颗粒与湍流相互作用、颗粒扩散模型、P-1 辐射建模方法以及基于全局颗粒动力学和实验数据的煤粉颗粒燃烧模型。结果。根据数值计算和分析，得出了库兹涅茨基 D 级煤在切向布置褐煤燃烧器的炉膛中燃烧时的燃烧产物浓度、温度和流体力学的相关性，以及安装三级鼓风喷嘴时的相关性。结果表明，燃烧器和三级喷嘴之间的空气再分配不足，因为要保持垂直涡流的稳定扭转和燃烧器装置出口处的高速度，就不可能在不重建燃烧器的情况下增加三级空气的比例。此外，燃烧器下方的炉膛容积也很难参与热交换。
{"title":"Combustion in a chamber furnace with a tangentially swirling vortex","authors":"A. Gil, K. Maltsev, Nikita V. Abramov, Alexander S. Zavorin, Alexander V. Starchenko","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4475","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need to analyze the furnace processes in boiler units with vertical vortex when arranging pulverized coal combustion with the enhancement of environmental parameters through the installation of tertiary blast nozzles. Despite the carbon-free policy in modern power engineering coal remains one of the main sources of energy, so the reconstruction of boiler units in order to reduce harmful emissions is very relevant. Aim. To study aerodynamics and combustion processes of pulverized coal fuel in the furnace chamber of a boiler unit with a tangential arrangement of burner devices using a combustion scheme with tertiary air blowing. Methods. The Eulerian–Lagrangian approach was applied to numerical study of flow characteristics, heat transfer and combustion in a furnace with a tangential burner arrangement. Also, k-ε model of gas turbulence, particle-turbulence interaction, diffusion model of particle dispersion, P-1 radiation modeling method and pulverized coal particle combustion model based on global particle kinetics and experimental data were used for numerical calculations. Results. Based on numerical calculations and analysis, the dependences of combustion product concentrations, temperature, hydrodynamics at combustion of Kuznetsky coal grade D in the furnace chamber with tangential arrangement of burners for brown coal, as well as at installation of tertiary blast nozzles have been obtained. Insufficient redistribution of air between burners and tertiary nozzles is revealed, as for maintenance of stable twist of vertical vortex and accordingly presence of high values of velocities at the outlet of burner devices it is not possible to increase the portion of tertiary air without reconstruction of burners. It is also established that the volume of the furnace chamber below the burners is poorly involved in heat exchange.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4262
Aram Sahakyan
Relevance. The original studies of water supply network and network exploitation data, as well as international experience, applied in similar conditions, and the data of existing literature, data of works on water supply zoning, which were carried out in the networks of various settlements in the Republic of Armenia, have been improved and are now being implemented effectively through the clear procedure developed by us. In our case, zoning is carried out under the conditions of the existing system, therefore the methods developed during design and reconstruction work consider the features of the existing system.Aim. To develop a technique to enhance the efficiency of water supply systems by implementing network zoning. It involves transforming the network into hydraulically separated zones isolated from each other. Within each zone, water supply can be regulated based on consumption requirements. Objects. The article discusses issues related to design and reconstruction procedures of existing water supply network zones. It defines the priority of zoning implementation for the current stage and proposes a method for assessing the permissible level of losses, taking into account the technical condition of the water supply network. Methods. The calculations for this study were performed using well-known hydraulic principles and laws. Experimental studies were conducted directly on the water supply network under production conditions. Results. The actual implementation of these measures in various urban locations revealed that reduction in water usage in a service zone was only 8–10%. However, analysis of the functioning of the reconstructed zones led to the conclusion that the already constructed zones now offer suitable conditions for productive work on leak detection and elimination. In the given example, during the operation of the study zone, 4300 m (about 25%) of the existing 17400 m pipelines in the reconstruction zone were decommissioned, along with 13 of 22 pumping stations. Over two years of work, the cost of electricity at the existing yard pumping stations was reduced by more than six times, the total cost of electricity in the zone was reduced by more than twelve times, and the amount of water entering the zone was reduced by 44% as a result of the water supply system reconstruction presented in the example.
{"title":"Characteristics of water supply network zoning","authors":"Aram Sahakyan","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4262","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The original studies of water supply network and network exploitation data, as well as international experience, applied in similar conditions, and the data of existing literature, data of works on water supply zoning, which were carried out in the networks of various settlements in the Republic of Armenia, have been improved and are now being implemented effectively through the clear procedure developed by us. In our case, zoning is carried out under the conditions of the existing system, therefore the methods developed during design and reconstruction work consider the features of the existing system.Aim. To develop a technique to enhance the efficiency of water supply systems by implementing network zoning. It involves transforming the network into hydraulically separated zones isolated from each other. Within each zone, water supply can be regulated based on consumption requirements. Objects. The article discusses issues related to design and reconstruction procedures of existing water supply network zones. It defines the priority of zoning implementation for the current stage and proposes a method for assessing the permissible level of losses, taking into account the technical condition of the water supply network. Methods. The calculations for this study were performed using well-known hydraulic principles and laws. Experimental studies were conducted directly on the water supply network under production conditions. Results. The actual implementation of these measures in various urban locations revealed that reduction in water usage in a service zone was only 8–10%. However, analysis of the functioning of the reconstructed zones led to the conclusion that the already constructed zones now offer suitable conditions for productive work on leak detection and elimination. In the given example, during the operation of the study zone, 4300 m (about 25%) of the existing 17400 m pipelines in the reconstruction zone were decommissioned, along with 13 of 22 pumping stations. Over two years of work, the cost of electricity at the existing yard pumping stations was reduced by more than six times, the total cost of electricity in the zone was reduced by more than twelve times, and the amount of water entering the zone was reduced by 44% as a result of the water supply system reconstruction presented in the example. ","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"89 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4257
V. Galakhov, Svetlana Yu. Samoilova, O. Lovtskaya, E. Mardasova
Relevance. The necessity in provision of insufficient data on streamflow formation factors when predicting floods in the poorly explored and unstudied basins. For this purpose, in hydrological calculations and forecasts the method of hydrological analogy is applicable. Aim. To study probable application of the hydrological analogy method in calculations of spring flood volumes of a mountain river. The analysis was carried out by the example of the basins of the Tuba river and its tributaries (rivers Amyl, Kazyr and Kizir), as well as neighboring catchments (rivers Abakan and Syda). Methods. Integrated geographical-hydrometeorological analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and the hydrological analogy method. Results. We calculated total winter precipitation in the Amyl basin by means of (traditionally used in hydrology) elevation dependences, estimated average annual precipitation in the Tuba basin using modern glaciation data, and built a stochastic predictive model of flood runoff volume on the Amyl river (settl. Kachulka) based on the relationship between precipitation for the previous winter and flood periods. The influence of liquid (flood) precipitation on the forecast quality was analyzed. A comparative analysis of other Tuba tributaries (Kazyr, Kizir), including neighboring basins (rivers Abakan and Syda) in terms of their application as basins-analogies was performed. For instance, a feasible use of the Amyl basin as an analogy for forecasting flood runoff depth of the Tuba river (vill. Bugurtak) was analyzed. Conclusions. The correlation analysis of flood volumes of the Tuba, its main tributaries and neighboring rivers suggests that as an analogy the application of basins with similar conditions for precipitation formation (slope orientation relative to the direction of the prevailing moisture-bearing air masses) and average catchment elevation is currently favored. The Amyl basin use as the Tuba analogy is expedient for a medium-term forecast of melt runoff volumes (excluding liquid (flood) precipitation).
{"title":"Basin-analogy for calculating spring flood volumes at insufficiency of meteorological data (Tuba river as a case study)","authors":"V. Galakhov, Svetlana Yu. Samoilova, O. Lovtskaya, E. Mardasova","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4257","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The necessity in provision of insufficient data on streamflow formation factors when predicting floods in the poorly explored and unstudied basins. For this purpose, in hydrological calculations and forecasts the method of hydrological analogy is applicable. Aim. To study probable application of the hydrological analogy method in calculations of spring flood volumes of a mountain river. The analysis was carried out by the example of the basins of the Tuba river and its tributaries (rivers Amyl, Kazyr and Kizir), as well as neighboring catchments (rivers Abakan and Syda). Methods. Integrated geographical-hydrometeorological analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and the hydrological analogy method. Results. We calculated total winter precipitation in the Amyl basin by means of (traditionally used in hydrology) elevation dependences, estimated average annual precipitation in the Tuba basin using modern glaciation data, and built a stochastic predictive model of flood runoff volume on the Amyl river (settl. Kachulka) based on the relationship between precipitation for the previous winter and flood periods. The influence of liquid (flood) precipitation on the forecast quality was analyzed. A comparative analysis of other Tuba tributaries (Kazyr, Kizir), including neighboring basins (rivers Abakan and Syda) in terms of their application as basins-analogies was performed. For instance, a feasible use of the Amyl basin as an analogy for forecasting flood runoff depth of the Tuba river (vill. Bugurtak) was analyzed. Conclusions. The correlation analysis of flood volumes of the Tuba, its main tributaries and neighboring rivers suggests that as an analogy the application of basins with similar conditions for precipitation formation (slope orientation relative to the direction of the prevailing moisture-bearing air masses) and average catchment elevation is currently favored. The Amyl basin use as the Tuba analogy is expedient for a medium-term forecast of melt runoff volumes (excluding liquid (flood) precipitation).","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4034
Kristine Sahakyan, Arestak Sarukhanyan
Relevance. Mining sector is one of the leading branches of the industry in Armenia. Therefore, effective government regulation of the sector based on a sound legal basis is a necessity. Accidents at tailing management facilities are posing a high risk to people and environment especially in their near vicinity and often have a transboundary impact. The tailing management facility safety methodology elaborated under the auspices of the German Environmental Agency is an efficient tool for quick assessment of the technical condition of the tailing management facilities. Aim. To present the results of application of the tailing management facility methodology in Armenia, which was applied to the operated Nahatak tailing management facility of the Akhtala Ore Dressing Combine (Lori region, Armenia). Objects. Tailing management facility methodology was applied to the operated tailing management facility Nahatak of the Akhtala Ore Dressing Combine, for which all documentation was checked. Enrichment wastes were stored at the tailing management facility during processing copper ore from the Shamlug mine and polymetals from the Akhtala mine. The main visual inspection was carried out in three parts of the tailing management facility: main dam, drainage canal and secondary dam. Special attention was drawn to main dam conditions. The video recorded by a drone was used to explore the dam bottom-line. Methods. The tailing management facility methodology includes the following elements: the method of evaluation of Tailings Hazard Index; the tailing management facility checklists including the questionnaire for visual and documentation inspection, the evaluation matrix for the tailing management facility safety level; the measures catalogue for taking actions to improve tailing management facility safety. The questions of the each tailing management facility checklist are stated in a way to encompass the minimum set of the requirements, critical for tailing management facility safety, which allows evaluating the tailing management facility conditions. Questions in all groups of the checklist are sorted by the tailing management facility lifecycle and each subsection contains relevant questions applied to a specific stage (design, construction, operation, re-cultivation, closure). Application of the tailing management facility checklist is supported by a measures catalogue with short-, medium- and long-term safety measures. Results. The tailing management facility methodology was used/tested for the operated tailing management facility in Armenia for the first time. Тhe main problems of the Nahatak tailing management facility were identified and analyzed, and appropriate recommendations were provided based on them. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the main problems are related to the drainage system and the management of water flows, some parts of the primary dam that require restoration, as well as the improvement of monitoring systems. A
{"title":"Visual inspection results and evaluation of Akhtala tailing safety based on tailing management facility safety methodology","authors":"Kristine Sahakyan, Arestak Sarukhanyan","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/2/4034","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Mining sector is one of the leading branches of the industry in Armenia. Therefore, effective government regulation of the sector based on a sound legal basis is a necessity. Accidents at tailing management facilities are posing a high risk to people and environment especially in their near vicinity and often have a transboundary impact. The tailing management facility safety methodology elaborated under the auspices of the German Environmental Agency is an efficient tool for quick assessment of the technical condition of the tailing management facilities. Aim. To present the results of application of the tailing management facility methodology in Armenia, which was applied to the operated Nahatak tailing management facility of the Akhtala Ore Dressing Combine (Lori region, Armenia). Objects. Tailing management facility methodology was applied to the operated tailing management facility Nahatak of the Akhtala Ore Dressing Combine, for which all documentation was checked. Enrichment wastes were stored at the tailing management facility during processing copper ore from the Shamlug mine and polymetals from the Akhtala mine. The main visual inspection was carried out in three parts of the tailing management facility: main dam, drainage canal and secondary dam. Special attention was drawn to main dam conditions. The video recorded by a drone was used to explore the dam bottom-line. Methods. The tailing management facility methodology includes the following elements: the method of evaluation of Tailings Hazard Index; the tailing management facility checklists including the questionnaire for visual and documentation inspection, the evaluation matrix for the tailing management facility safety level; the measures catalogue for taking actions to improve tailing management facility safety. The questions of the each tailing management facility checklist are stated in a way to encompass the minimum set of the requirements, critical for tailing management facility safety, which allows evaluating the tailing management facility conditions. Questions in all groups of the checklist are sorted by the tailing management facility lifecycle and each subsection contains relevant questions applied to a specific stage (design, construction, operation, re-cultivation, closure). Application of the tailing management facility checklist is supported by a measures catalogue with short-, medium- and long-term safety measures. Results. The tailing management facility methodology was used/tested for the operated tailing management facility in Armenia for the first time. Тhe main problems of the Nahatak tailing management facility were identified and analyzed, and appropriate recommendations were provided based on them. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the main problems are related to the drainage system and the management of water flows, some parts of the primary dam that require restoration, as well as the improvement of monitoring systems. A","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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