Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4232
L. Auzina
Relevance. The conditions of complex structural and tectonic setting, insufficiency and uneven geological and hydrogeological exploration of mineral deposits in Eastern Siberia determine the relevance of the issues of optimization of hydrogeological works and reduction of their implementation costs. Aim. Identification of a number of readily defined, indirect indicators that predetermine the selection of sites promising for drilling hydrogeological wells. Methods. The two-stage method of system-model analysis was used to improve the efficiency of the project work. The first stage is training. It involves the use of the principal component analysis and ends with the compilation of a classification table of standard objects (thoroughly studied in geological and hydrogeological terms) in accordance with the earlier identified most significant indirect indicators but easily accessible ones. The second stage is recognition or forecast. It includes attribution of analogous objects (with poorly or unstudied geological and hydrogeological conditions) to certain classes determined at the first stage. When solving this problem, the programs implementing cluster and multiple regression analyses are used. As a result, the analogous objects are classified in accordance with the task set. Results. The developed methodology is used for various purposes: for structural hydrogeological zoning of the Ilim-Lena plateau with associated main iron ore deposits of Eastern Siberia, for typification of alluvial deposits of the Lena gold ore region according to the complexity degree of engineering hydrogeological conditions, for identification of sites featuring increased water abundance in the fields of the oil and gas complex of Eastern Siberia. The results obtained make it possible to recommend the method to be widely introduced into the practice of hydrogeological research. It is necessary for optimizing the types and volumes of special works at mineral deposits in order to identify the most water-abundant zones when developing dewatering and water supply systems under different-scale structural hydrogeological zoning. In addition, the method of system-model analysis provisioned with additional processing methods has a potential and is already widely used when dealing with databases and object typification according to environmental and hydrogeological indicators.
{"title":"System model analysis in estimating hydrogeological conditions of Eastern Siberia mineral deposits","authors":"L. Auzina","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4232","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The conditions of complex structural and tectonic setting, insufficiency and uneven geological and hydrogeological exploration of mineral deposits in Eastern Siberia determine the relevance of the issues of optimization of hydrogeological works and reduction of their implementation costs. Aim. Identification of a number of readily defined, indirect indicators that predetermine the selection of sites promising for drilling hydrogeological wells. Methods. The two-stage method of system-model analysis was used to improve the efficiency of the project work. The first stage is training. It involves the use of the principal component analysis and ends with the compilation of a classification table of standard objects (thoroughly studied in geological and hydrogeological terms) in accordance with the earlier identified most significant indirect indicators but easily accessible ones. The second stage is recognition or forecast. It includes attribution of analogous objects (with poorly or unstudied geological and hydrogeological conditions) to certain classes determined at the first stage. When solving this problem, the programs implementing cluster and multiple regression analyses are used. As a result, the analogous objects are classified in accordance with the task set. Results. The developed methodology is used for various purposes: for structural hydrogeological zoning of the Ilim-Lena plateau with associated main iron ore deposits of Eastern Siberia, for typification of alluvial deposits of the Lena gold ore region according to the complexity degree of engineering hydrogeological conditions, for identification of sites featuring increased water abundance in the fields of the oil and gas complex of Eastern Siberia. The results obtained make it possible to recommend the method to be widely introduced into the practice of hydrogeological research. It is necessary for optimizing the types and volumes of special works at mineral deposits in order to identify the most water-abundant zones when developing dewatering and water supply systems under different-scale structural hydrogeological zoning. In addition, the method of system-model analysis provisioned with additional processing methods has a potential and is already widely used when dealing with databases and object typification according to environmental and hydrogeological indicators.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"463 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4411
Igor A. Melnik
Relevance. Statistical studies of water discharge in river systems conducted by various authors have shown that forms of distribution of river discharge probability density are polymodal. There are various hypotheses for the origin of this polymodal distribution. For example, in dynamic systems the formation of attractors is possible, or under conditions of perturbation of the initial data singular numbers can be transformed into a polymodal structure. However, the proposed hypotheses of formation of polymodal distribution of transformation intensity of elements of an open system are not always applicable to specific objects and are limited to certain conditions. Therefore, it is proposed to apply the universal theory of formation of polymodal distribution of transformation intensity of open systems to study water discharge distribution in river systems. Aim. To confirm the compliance of river flow modes with universal transformation principles in unifying the polymodal statistical probability distribution of water discharge in river systems. Object. Samples of water discharge intensity of hydrographic open systems of the Velikaya and Oka rivers in different seasonal period. Method. Determined on the basis of the derived universal equation of modes of unified polymodal probability density distributions for transformation of any open systems. Each mode in the unified polymodal distribution of river runoff corresponds to a certain universal principle of transformation of an open system under external influence. Its universality is based on the constants of the ratio of time parameters (internal time of transformation of system elements and external time of impact on the system) associated with the "golden" proportion. Soil evaporation and moistening reduce the flow rate and is an internal transforming process depending on atmospheric temperature, and precipitation is an external factor that increases river runoff. Results. Certain modes of polymodal distribution of water discharge fully correspond to universal states of transformation of open systems under external influence. For each seasonal period, the modes correspond to different, previously established principles of systems transformation. Conclusions. Based on a sample of water discharge in river systems, using the unification equation of polymodal distribution, it is possible to determine the state of the river system transformation in the present time and, knowing the parameters of external influence, to predict its future development.
{"title":"Polymodal distribution of water discharge probability in river systems","authors":"Igor A. Melnik","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4411","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Statistical studies of water discharge in river systems conducted by various authors have shown that forms of distribution of river discharge probability density are polymodal. There are various hypotheses for the origin of this polymodal distribution. For example, in dynamic systems the formation of attractors is possible, or under conditions of perturbation of the initial data singular numbers can be transformed into a polymodal structure. However, the proposed hypotheses of formation of polymodal distribution of transformation intensity of elements of an open system are not always applicable to specific objects and are limited to certain conditions. Therefore, it is proposed to apply the universal theory of formation of polymodal distribution of transformation intensity of open systems to study water discharge distribution in river systems. Aim. To confirm the compliance of river flow modes with universal transformation principles in unifying the polymodal statistical probability distribution of water discharge in river systems. Object. Samples of water discharge intensity of hydrographic open systems of the Velikaya and Oka rivers in different seasonal period. Method. Determined on the basis of the derived universal equation of modes of unified polymodal probability density distributions for transformation of any open systems. Each mode in the unified polymodal distribution of river runoff corresponds to a certain universal principle of transformation of an open system under external influence. Its universality is based on the constants of the ratio of time parameters (internal time of transformation of system elements and external time of impact on the system) associated with the \"golden\" proportion. Soil evaporation and moistening reduce the flow rate and is an internal transforming process depending on atmospheric temperature, and precipitation is an external factor that increases river runoff. Results. Certain modes of polymodal distribution of water discharge fully correspond to universal states of transformation of open systems under external influence. For each seasonal period, the modes correspond to different, previously established principles of systems transformation. Conclusions. Based on a sample of water discharge in river systems, using the unification equation of polymodal distribution, it is possible to determine the state of the river system transformation in the present time and, knowing the parameters of external influence, to predict its future development.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4414
Vladislav M. Galkin, Yuriy S. Volkov, Liliya V. Chekantseva, Vladimir A. Ivanov
Relevance. Caused by the need to develop and optimize the mathematical apparatus for processing the results of laboratory experiments and increasing the adequacy of the results obtained. Aim. To create alternative methods for finding the parameters of the Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler dependencies, which are subject to surfactant adsorption from an aqueous solution on solid adsorbents and deposition of suspended particles in sedimentation analysis. Methods. The main method for determining the parameters of two-parameter dependencies is the least squares method. The standard approach is based on finding the minimum of a function of two variables by computational methods of nonlinear programming. The equations, obtained by equating the derivatives of the objective function for each of the parameters to zero, are used as necessary conditions for the minimum of the objective function. The paper considers alternative approaches to obtaining explicit formulas and reduction to the solution of the transcendental equation. Results. For the two-parameter dependencies of Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler, the alternative approaches for determining unknown parameters are proposed. In the standard approach, solving the problem is based on numerical minimization of a function of two variables by nonlinear programming methods. The authors propose the approach, in which the Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler equations are subjected to some equivalent transformations so that the use of the necessary minimum conditions makes it possible to obtain a linear equation with respect to at least one of the required parameters. This leads to simplification of calculations, it is required to solve one transcendental equation numerically, the second parameter is then determined by an explicit formula. And for the Rosin–Rammler dependence, in one of the proposed variants, it was possible to obtain explicit formulas for finding both parameters.
{"title":"Variants of application of the least squares method in Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler approximations","authors":"Vladislav M. Galkin, Yuriy S. Volkov, Liliya V. Chekantseva, Vladimir A. Ivanov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4414","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Caused by the need to develop and optimize the mathematical apparatus for processing the results of laboratory experiments and increasing the adequacy of the results obtained. Aim. To create alternative methods for finding the parameters of the Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler dependencies, which are subject to surfactant adsorption from an aqueous solution on solid adsorbents and deposition of suspended particles in sedimentation analysis. Methods. The main method for determining the parameters of two-parameter dependencies is the least squares method. The standard approach is based on finding the minimum of a function of two variables by computational methods of nonlinear programming. The equations, obtained by equating the derivatives of the objective function for each of the parameters to zero, are used as necessary conditions for the minimum of the objective function. The paper considers alternative approaches to obtaining explicit formulas and reduction to the solution of the transcendental equation. Results. For the two-parameter dependencies of Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler, the alternative approaches for determining unknown parameters are proposed. In the standard approach, solving the problem is based on numerical minimization of a function of two variables by nonlinear programming methods. The authors propose the approach, in which the Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler equations are subjected to some equivalent transformations so that the use of the necessary minimum conditions makes it possible to obtain a linear equation with respect to at least one of the required parameters. This leads to simplification of calculations, it is required to solve one transcendental equation numerically, the second parameter is then determined by an explicit formula. And for the Rosin–Rammler dependence, in one of the proposed variants, it was possible to obtain explicit formulas for finding both parameters.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4227
Alexandr N. Galkin, Alexandr I. Pavlovsky, O. V. Shershnyov
Relevance. Phosphate raw materials processing at the Gomel chemical plant over a period of more than 50 years has led to accumulation of millions of tons of phosphogypsum dumps. They are a source of subterranean water contamination by sulfates, phosphates and other chemical compounds. Therefore, there is the need in current estimation of the scale and extent of aquifers contamination, taking into account the geological and hydrogeological conditions that influence the migration of contaminants. Aim. Assessment of hydrogeological parameters affecting distribution of contaminants in subterranean water and the degree of aquifers contamination. Objects. Aquifers and impermeable horizons. Methods. Methods for assessment of hydrogeological parameters, methods for determining the chemical composition of subterranean water. Results. The paper assesses a technogenic effect, produced by dumps of Gomel chemical plant. It reviews a subterranean water monitoring local network within the Gomel chemical plant influence area. The hydrogeological parameters of aquifers of the upper hydrodynamic zone are quantitatively assessed, given that this zone undergoes the strongest anthropogenic impact. The study of subterranean water quality ends up with three classes of contamination: high, moderate and insignificant. Sulphates, nitrogen ammonium, phosphorus phosphate are identified as major contaminants. The authors find a spatial pattern of subterranean water contaminants differentiation that tends to develop both horizontally and vertically. As a result of the study, areas and sources of high groundwater contamination are determined and mapped. A conclusion is drawn on the necessity of further control over the subterranean water conditions and contamination development in time and space.
{"title":"Assessment of of phosphorus fertilizer wastes production impact on subterranean water quality (Gomel chemical plant, Republic of Belarus)","authors":"Alexandr N. Galkin, Alexandr I. Pavlovsky, O. V. Shershnyov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4227","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Phosphate raw materials processing at the Gomel chemical plant over a period of more than 50 years has led to accumulation of millions of tons of phosphogypsum dumps. They are a source of subterranean water contamination by sulfates, phosphates and other chemical compounds. Therefore, there is the need in current estimation of the scale and extent of aquifers contamination, taking into account the geological and hydrogeological conditions that influence the migration of contaminants. Aim. Assessment of hydrogeological parameters affecting distribution of contaminants in subterranean water and the degree of aquifers contamination. Objects. Aquifers and impermeable horizons. Methods. Methods for assessment of hydrogeological parameters, methods for determining the chemical composition of subterranean water. Results. The paper assesses a technogenic effect, produced by dumps of Gomel chemical plant. It reviews a subterranean water monitoring local network within the Gomel chemical plant influence area. The hydrogeological parameters of aquifers of the upper hydrodynamic zone are quantitatively assessed, given that this zone undergoes the strongest anthropogenic impact. The study of subterranean water quality ends up with three classes of contamination: high, moderate and insignificant. Sulphates, nitrogen ammonium, phosphorus phosphate are identified as major contaminants. The authors find a spatial pattern of subterranean water contaminants differentiation that tends to develop both horizontally and vertically. As a result of the study, areas and sources of high groundwater contamination are determined and mapped. A conclusion is drawn on the necessity of further control over the subterranean water conditions and contamination development in time and space.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"151 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4375
Alexander Ya. Pak, A. Kokorina, Yuliya L. Shanenkova, I. Shanenkov
Relevance. Caused by the problem of developing methods for obtaining tungsten carbide, especially from tungsten-containing waste. As a solution, a non-vacuum electric arc method is proposed. It is easy to operate and cheap compared to a direct analogue (arc discharge method in inert gas atmosphere). The resulting product can be used as a catalyst carrier in hydrogen production reactions. Aim. To determine the current and the energy entered in the system, necessary to obtain a product with a largest proportion of the hexagonal phase of tungsten carbide WC from tungsten ore concentrate by a non-vacuum electric arc method and investigate a sample with the largest proportion of tungsten carbide phase. Object. Electric arc synthesis in open air from tungsten ore concentrate. Methods. Grinding in a SAMPLE SPEX 8000M ball mill, magnetic separation, non-vacuum electric arc method of synthesis, X-ray phase analysis on a Shimadzu XRD 7000s X-ray diffractometer (λ=1.54060 Å), scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray fluorescence energy-dispersive analysis based on a TESCAN VEGA 3 microscope SBU with OXFORD X-Max prefix, transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction based on the JEM-2100F microscope, scanning electron-ion microscopy based on the QUANTA 200 3D microscope. Results. The authors have built the dependence of the phase composition of the product of non-vacuum electric arc synthesis at current strengths from 50 to 220 A. Mass fraction of each of the identified phases in the synthesis product was determined using the reference intensity ratio. The current and the energy entered in the system, which provide the largest proportion of tungsten carbide WC in the synthesis product, are determined. The authors studied the product containing the largest proportion of tungsten carbide WC using scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods.
相关性。由于开发获取碳化钨的方法，特别是从含钨废料中获取碳化钨的方法存在问题。作为解决方案，提出了一种非真空电弧法。与直接类似方法（惰性气体环境中的电弧放电法）相比，该方法操作简单，成本低廉。所得产品可用作制氢反应中的催化剂载体。目的确定通过非真空电弧法从钨精矿中获得碳化钨 WC 六方相比例最大的产品所需的电流和进入系统的能量，并研究碳化钨相比例最大的样品。目标。从钨精矿中露天电弧合成。方法。在 SAMPLE SPEX 8000M 球磨机中研磨、磁选、非真空电弧法合成、在 Shimadzu XRD 7000s X 射线衍射仪上进行 X 射线相分析（λ=1.54060 Å）上进行的 X 射线相分析；基于带 OXFORD X-Max 前缀的 TESCAN VEGA 3 显微镜 SBU 的扫描电子显微镜与 X 射线荧光能量色散分析相结合；基于 JEM-2100F 显微镜的透射电子显微镜与能量色散光谱和选区电子衍射相结合；基于 QUANTA 200 3D 显微镜的扫描电子离子显微镜。结果。作者建立了电流强度为 50 至 220 A 的非真空电弧合成产物相组成的依赖关系。确定了合成产物中碳化钨碳化钨比例最大的电流和输入系统的能量。作者使用扫描和透射电子显微镜方法研究了碳化钨碳化钨比例最大的产品。
{"title":"Influence of non-vacuum electric arc synthesis energy on the product of tungsten ore concentrate processing","authors":"Alexander Ya. Pak, A. Kokorina, Yuliya L. Shanenkova, I. Shanenkov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4375","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Caused by the problem of developing methods for obtaining tungsten carbide, especially from tungsten-containing waste. As a solution, a non-vacuum electric arc method is proposed. It is easy to operate and cheap compared to a direct analogue (arc discharge method in inert gas atmosphere). The resulting product can be used as a catalyst carrier in hydrogen production reactions. Aim. To determine the current and the energy entered in the system, necessary to obtain a product with a largest proportion of the hexagonal phase of tungsten carbide WC from tungsten ore concentrate by a non-vacuum electric arc method and investigate a sample with the largest proportion of tungsten carbide phase. Object. Electric arc synthesis in open air from tungsten ore concentrate. Methods. Grinding in a SAMPLE SPEX 8000M ball mill, magnetic separation, non-vacuum electric arc method of synthesis, X-ray phase analysis on a Shimadzu XRD 7000s X-ray diffractometer (λ=1.54060 Å), scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray fluorescence energy-dispersive analysis based on a TESCAN VEGA 3 microscope SBU with OXFORD X-Max prefix, transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction based on the JEM-2100F microscope, scanning electron-ion microscopy based on the QUANTA 200 3D microscope. Results. The authors have built the dependence of the phase composition of the product of non-vacuum electric arc synthesis at current strengths from 50 to 220 A. Mass fraction of each of the identified phases in the synthesis product was determined using the reference intensity ratio. The current and the energy entered in the system, which provide the largest proportion of tungsten carbide WC in the synthesis product, are determined. The authors studied the product containing the largest proportion of tungsten carbide WC using scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"419 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4238
V. Seredin, Ksenia V. Sheina, O. S. Siteva
Relevance. Caused by the need to study the effect of high pressure on the change in pH value of the point of zero charge of clay minerals. The point of zero charge is one of the most important characteristics of a diluent. The magnitude of the charge is largely controlled by the pH values of a pore solution. As it is known, clays of different genesis have excellent physical and chemical properties, which directly affects the value of the zero charge point. Aim. To identify the patterns of formation of the zero charge point of clay particles exposed to pressure. Objects. Kaolin clay of the Nizhne-Uvelsky deposit of the Chelyabinsk region and bentonite clay of the Zyryanovsky deposit of the Kurgan region. Methods. potentiometric titration, determination of the point of zero charge was carried out using the construction of potentiometric titration curves. Microsoft Excel, SigmaPlot, Statistica software was used. Results. When processing clays by pressure, there is a decrease in the content of aluminum ions (Al3+) in the packages of kaolinite and montmorillonite, the transition of Al3+ ions into the diffuse layer of the clay particle, where aluminum ions bind hydroxyl ions, while the released hydrogen ions increase the acidity of the suspension. Activation by pressure of kaolin and bentonite clays has a multidirectional effect on the change in the ion-exchange capacity of clays and, as a result, on the pH of the point of zero charge on the surface of clay particles. The authors developed statistical models that allow predicting the pH of the zero charge point from clay activation pressure data. Knowledge of the characteristics of the charge on the surface of clay particles makes it possible to explain the mechanism of sorption and other processes.
{"title":"Regularities of zero charge formation on the surface of clay particles exposed to pressure","authors":"V. Seredin, Ksenia V. Sheina, O. S. Siteva","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4238","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Caused by the need to study the effect of high pressure on the change in pH value of the point of zero charge of clay minerals. The point of zero charge is one of the most important characteristics of a diluent. The magnitude of the charge is largely controlled by the pH values of a pore solution. As it is known, clays of different genesis have excellent physical and chemical properties, which directly affects the value of the zero charge point. Aim. To identify the patterns of formation of the zero charge point of clay particles exposed to pressure. Objects. Kaolin clay of the Nizhne-Uvelsky deposit of the Chelyabinsk region and bentonite clay of the Zyryanovsky deposit of the Kurgan region. Methods. potentiometric titration, determination of the point of zero charge was carried out using the construction of potentiometric titration curves. Microsoft Excel, SigmaPlot, Statistica software was used. Results. When processing clays by pressure, there is a decrease in the content of aluminum ions (Al3+) in the packages of kaolinite and montmorillonite, the transition of Al3+ ions into the diffuse layer of the clay particle, where aluminum ions bind hydroxyl ions, while the released hydrogen ions increase the acidity of the suspension. Activation by pressure of kaolin and bentonite clays has a multidirectional effect on the change in the ion-exchange capacity of clays and, as a result, on the pH of the point of zero charge on the surface of clay particles. The authors developed statistical models that allow predicting the pH of the zero charge point from clay activation pressure data. Knowledge of the characteristics of the charge on the surface of clay particles makes it possible to explain the mechanism of sorption and other processes.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"594 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4364
Vladimir V. Kozlov, Igor M. Dolganov, Stepan S. Slobodin
Relevance. Caused by the need to increase production of light olefins. The use of advanced process control systems and Real–Time Optimization makes it possible to increase the efficiency of steam cracking plants, but requires a high-speed mathematical model of the process. Aim. To select a method for numerical solution of systems of ordinary differential equations, which provides the highest speed when calculating the reaction coil of a steam cracking furnace. Reducing the time spent on calculating each scenario will allow the proposed model to be used for real-time process optimization tasks. Object. Mathematical model of ethane steam cracking, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations systems solution. Methods. System analysis, mathematical modeling. To solve the ordinary differential equations systems, various explicit numerical methods were used, differing in approach to integration step determination. Results. The authors have developed and tested a steady-state model of ethane steam cracking. The developed model was used to compare the calculation time required for solving ordinary differential equations systems using different numerical methods. It was demonstrated, that the use of an adaptive integration step reduces calculation time by more than 20 times (from more than 11 hours to 34 minutes) while maintaining the accuracy of calculations. This is due to different reaction rates through the length of the reaction coil – in areas of high temperatures and high concentrations of reagents, a reduction in the integration step is required to obtain the desired accuracy. And in low reaction rates areas an increase in the step and reduction in the total calculated iterations are acceptable.
{"title":"Selection of numerical method for solving ordinary differential equation systems for a high-speed model of hydrocarbons steam cracking","authors":"Vladimir V. Kozlov, Igor M. Dolganov, Stepan S. Slobodin","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4364","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Caused by the need to increase production of light olefins. The use of advanced process control systems and Real–Time Optimization makes it possible to increase the efficiency of steam cracking plants, but requires a high-speed mathematical model of the process. Aim. To select a method for numerical solution of systems of ordinary differential equations, which provides the highest speed when calculating the reaction coil of a steam cracking furnace. Reducing the time spent on calculating each scenario will allow the proposed model to be used for real-time process optimization tasks. Object. Mathematical model of ethane steam cracking, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations systems solution. Methods. System analysis, mathematical modeling. To solve the ordinary differential equations systems, various explicit numerical methods were used, differing in approach to integration step determination. Results. The authors have developed and tested a steady-state model of ethane steam cracking. The developed model was used to compare the calculation time required for solving ordinary differential equations systems using different numerical methods. It was demonstrated, that the use of an adaptive integration step reduces calculation time by more than 20 times (from more than 11 hours to 34 minutes) while maintaining the accuracy of calculations. This is due to different reaction rates through the length of the reaction coil – in areas of high temperatures and high concentrations of reagents, a reduction in the integration step is required to obtain the desired accuracy. And in low reaction rates areas an increase in the step and reduction in the total calculated iterations are acceptable.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"93 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4429
L. Chilinger, Nataliya V. Gatina, E. Pasechnik
Relevance. Currently, there are a number of contradictions in defining the boundaries of water bodies, as well as special zones for their protection and use, because there is an urgent need for the correct establishment of such zones. In addition, the calculated probabilities for assessing the position of coastlines are not legally established. In this regard, the article examines the importance of reliably defining the boundaries of coastlines and river water protection zones in wetlands where there is the most contradictions. Aim. Comparative analysis of various methods for assessing the position of the coastline and the boundaries of the water protection zone of a river with a heavily swamped catchment. Methods. Statistical and cartographic methods, interpretation of space and aerial photographs. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of long-term data from routine hydrometeorological observations (1933–2007), materials from field surveys and interpretation of remote sensing data of the river Iksa section near the village Plotnikovo. It is shown that for this river the most rational way to assess the boundaries of a water body is to determine the average long-term maximum water level (the boundaries of the lower floodplain), and the boundaries of the water protection zone – by the maximum water level with a supply of 1% (the boundaries of the upper floodplain). These boundaries are quite noticeable during reconnaissance surveys during engineering studies and when using Earth remote sensing materials. All this increases the efficiency of environmental protection measures due to a more reasonable identification of water protection zones and makes it possible to optimize the methodology for determining their boundaries due to the use of these data instead of formal interpolation between observation points.
{"title":"Borders of water bodies and their water protection zones in wetlands (based on the example of the Iksa river, Tomsk region, Russian Federation)","authors":"L. Chilinger, Nataliya V. Gatina, E. Pasechnik","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4429","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Currently, there are a number of contradictions in defining the boundaries of water bodies, as well as special zones for their protection and use, because there is an urgent need for the correct establishment of such zones. In addition, the calculated probabilities for assessing the position of coastlines are not legally established. In this regard, the article examines the importance of reliably defining the boundaries of coastlines and river water protection zones in wetlands where there is the most contradictions. Aim. Comparative analysis of various methods for assessing the position of the coastline and the boundaries of the water protection zone of a river with a heavily swamped catchment. Methods. Statistical and cartographic methods, interpretation of space and aerial photographs. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of long-term data from routine hydrometeorological observations (1933–2007), materials from field surveys and interpretation of remote sensing data of the river Iksa section near the village Plotnikovo. It is shown that for this river the most rational way to assess the boundaries of a water body is to determine the average long-term maximum water level (the boundaries of the lower floodplain), and the boundaries of the water protection zone – by the maximum water level with a supply of 1% (the boundaries of the upper floodplain). These boundaries are quite noticeable during reconnaissance surveys during engineering studies and when using Earth remote sensing materials. All this increases the efficiency of environmental protection measures due to a more reasonable identification of water protection zones and makes it possible to optimize the methodology for determining their boundaries due to the use of these data instead of formal interpolation between observation points.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4313
R. B. Tabakaev, Konstantin O. Ponomarev, Ivan K. Kalinich, Mariya A. Gaidabrus, Nikita A. Shulaev, Petr M. Yeletsky
Relevance. The need of the Tomsk region for valuable energy resources obtained from local low-grade resources to develop iron ore deposits available in the region and cover energy needs. Aim. To study gaseous and solid products obtained from low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky deposit (Tomsk region) under microwave pyrolysis conditions in relation to the energy and metallurgical industries. Objects. Brown coal of the Talovsky deposit (Tomsk region). Methods. Certified SS methods to determine thermal characteristics and elemental composition of coal organic and mineral parts, the "transmission-reflection" method for measuring imaginary (ε'') and real (ε') components of the complex dielectric permittivity, physical experiment, gas analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method for measuring texture characteristics. Results. Brown coal of the Talovsky deposit has high values of moisture and ash contents for operating conditions, which leads to a low calorific value. Such characteristics make it possible to classify coal as a low-grade fuel, which indicates the inexpediency of its use as a raw material for the energy and metallurgical industries. Thermal processing by means of microwave pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain a high-calorie (heat of combustion over 21 MJ/m3) and environmentally friendly (hydrogen content over 29%) gaseous fuel from the low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky deposit. The resulting solid carbonaceous residue has an ash content of over 48%, which required its chemical treatment in a solution of HF and HCl. As a result of the solid carbonaceous residue treatment, its ash content decreased by more than 38%, the sulfur content – by more than 1.5 times. According to its characteristics, the resulting product corresponds to the currently available carbonaceous products – semi-coke, coke and carbon reducing agent for ferroalloy production.
{"title":"Complex microwave processing of high-ash brown coal in relation to the energy and metallurgical industries","authors":"R. B. Tabakaev, Konstantin O. Ponomarev, Ivan K. Kalinich, Mariya A. Gaidabrus, Nikita A. Shulaev, Petr M. Yeletsky","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4313","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need of the Tomsk region for valuable energy resources obtained from local low-grade resources to develop iron ore deposits available in the region and cover energy needs. Aim. To study gaseous and solid products obtained from low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky deposit (Tomsk region) under microwave pyrolysis conditions in relation to the energy and metallurgical industries. Objects. Brown coal of the Talovsky deposit (Tomsk region). Methods. Certified SS methods to determine thermal characteristics and elemental composition of coal organic and mineral parts, the \"transmission-reflection\" method for measuring imaginary (ε'') and real (ε') components of the complex dielectric permittivity, physical experiment, gas analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method for measuring texture characteristics. Results. Brown coal of the Talovsky deposit has high values of moisture and ash contents for operating conditions, which leads to a low calorific value. Such characteristics make it possible to classify coal as a low-grade fuel, which indicates the inexpediency of its use as a raw material for the energy and metallurgical industries. Thermal processing by means of microwave pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain a high-calorie (heat of combustion over 21 MJ/m3) and environmentally friendly (hydrogen content over 29%) gaseous fuel from the low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky deposit. The resulting solid carbonaceous residue has an ash content of over 48%, which required its chemical treatment in a solution of HF and HCl. As a result of the solid carbonaceous residue treatment, its ash content decreased by more than 38%, the sulfur content – by more than 1.5 times. According to its characteristics, the resulting product corresponds to the currently available carbonaceous products – semi-coke, coke and carbon reducing agent for ferroalloy production.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"67 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4184
V. Shevko, A. Badikova, R. A. Uteeva, B.A. Lavrov, D. D. Amanov
Relevance. Associated with the need to increase the level of comprehensive use of phosphorites during their electrothermal processing and to reduce the amount of slag waste generated during the production of phosphorus and polluting the environment. Aim. To conduct computer thermodynamic modeling of the effect of temperature and amount of iron on technological parameters of interaction of a Karatau and Aktobe phosphorites mixture with carbon and iron to produce phosphorus, calcium carbide and ferrosilicon. Objects. Phosphorites of the Karatau and Aktobe phosphorite-bearing basins. Methods. Thermodynamic computer modeling using the HSC Chemistry 6.0 software; rotatable second-order experiment planning technique; geometric optimization of technological parameters. Results. It has been established that depending on temperature in a mixture of Karatau and Aktobe phosphorites with carbon and iron, they participate in interaction: CaSiO3, SiO2, Si, SiC, SiO(g), MgSiO3, Al2SiO5, Na2SiO3 , Ca(g), CaO, CaC2, CaF2, CaS, Fe, FeSi, FeSiO3, FeP, Fe2P, Fe3P, FeP2, FeO, Fe3Si; Ca3(PO4)2, P2(g), P4(g). An increase in iron amount leads to an increase in the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy, and at 2000 °C reduces the extraction degree of calcium in CaC2 and the silicon concentration in the alloy. Branded calcium carbide with a volume of more than 230 dm3/kg and ferrosilicon FeSi25 are formed from a mixture of phosphorites, carbon and iron at 2077...2088 °C in the presence of 20...21.4 % iron and 43 % carbon (in this case, phosphorus is completely distilled off into the gas phase). Using our proposed method of electric smelting of phosphorites with phosphorus distillation and associated production of ferroalloy, in comparison with the traditional method, the indicator of integrated use of raw materials increases from 43.9 to 62.7...73.6 %, that is 1.43...1 ,67 times. The proposed processing technology helps to increase active reserves of phosphorites and bring low-grade phosphorites of the Aktobe basin into production.
{"title":"Thermodynamics of a Karatau and Aktobe phosphorites mixture interaction when producing phosphorus, calcium carbide and ferrosilicon","authors":"V. Shevko, A. Badikova, R. A. Uteeva, B.A. Lavrov, D. D. Amanov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/1/4184","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Associated with the need to increase the level of comprehensive use of phosphorites during their electrothermal processing and to reduce the amount of slag waste generated during the production of phosphorus and polluting the environment. Aim. To conduct computer thermodynamic modeling of the effect of temperature and amount of iron on technological parameters of interaction of a Karatau and Aktobe phosphorites mixture with carbon and iron to produce phosphorus, calcium carbide and ferrosilicon. Objects. Phosphorites of the Karatau and Aktobe phosphorite-bearing basins. Methods. Thermodynamic computer modeling using the HSC Chemistry 6.0 software; rotatable second-order experiment planning technique; geometric optimization of technological parameters. Results. It has been established that depending on temperature in a mixture of Karatau and Aktobe phosphorites with carbon and iron, they participate in interaction: CaSiO3, SiO2, Si, SiC, SiO(g), MgSiO3, Al2SiO5, Na2SiO3 , Ca(g), CaO, CaC2, CaF2, CaS, Fe, FeSi, FeSiO3, FeP, Fe2P, Fe3P, FeP2, FeO, Fe3Si; Ca3(PO4)2, P2(g), P4(g). An increase in iron amount leads to an increase in the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy, and at 2000 °C reduces the extraction degree of calcium in CaC2 and the silicon concentration in the alloy. Branded calcium carbide with a volume of more than 230 dm3/kg and ferrosilicon FeSi25 are formed from a mixture of phosphorites, carbon and iron at 2077...2088 °C in the presence of 20...21.4 % iron and 43 % carbon (in this case, phosphorus is completely distilled off into the gas phase). Using our proposed method of electric smelting of phosphorites with phosphorus distillation and associated production of ferroalloy, in comparison with the traditional method, the indicator of integrated use of raw materials increases from 43.9 to 62.7...73.6 %, that is 1.43...1 ,67 times. The proposed processing technology helps to increase active reserves of phosphorites and bring low-grade phosphorites of the Aktobe basin into production.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"403 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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