Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1177/00380407251391756
Junhow Wei
Drawing on interview and observational data of college students and academic advisers at one research-intensive, public university, this article describes similarities and differences in how students from different social class backgrounds engage with academic advisers. Both middle-class and working-class students were comfortable seeking help to resolve immediate questions and concerns. Advisers’ efforts at establishing rapport and reaching out to students contributed to this parity. However, only middle-class students proactively cultivated their advisers’ familiarity to ensure their advisers would remember them and provide more personalized guidance in the future. Advisers viewed middle-class students who cultivated familiarity in a positive light. Cultivating familiarity also allowed middle-class students to have rich advising conversations despite having no pressing issues to address. This analysis introduces cultivating familiarity as a mechanism through which middle-class students may secure advantages, even in contexts where both middle- and working-class students feel comfortable seeking help.
{"title":"Cultivating Familiarity: Social Class and Help-Seeking in Academic Advising","authors":"Junhow Wei","doi":"10.1177/00380407251391756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251391756","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on interview and observational data of college students and academic advisers at one research-intensive, public university, this article describes similarities and differences in how students from different social class backgrounds engage with academic advisers. Both middle-class and working-class students were comfortable seeking help to resolve immediate questions and concerns. Advisers’ efforts at establishing rapport and reaching out to students contributed to this parity. However, only middle-class students proactively cultivated their advisers’ familiarity to ensure their advisers would remember them and provide more personalized guidance in the future. Advisers viewed middle-class students who cultivated familiarity in a positive light. Cultivating familiarity also allowed middle-class students to have rich advising conversations despite having no pressing issues to address. This analysis introduces cultivating familiarity as a mechanism through which middle-class students may secure advantages, even in contexts where both middle- and working-class students feel comfortable seeking help.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1177/00380407251391761
Tünde Lénárd
This article presents evidence on linear, nonlinear, and cumulative gender peer effects on test scores. The study utilizes exceptional Swedish data containing the history of the gender composition of students’ classrooms from first to ninth grades. The analysis builds on school fixed effects with the added advantage of observing within-school variation in gender composition across actual classrooms. In contrast to what is often suggested in the literature, results show that gender composition does not uniformly affect boys and girls. More female-dominated classrooms slightly increase girls’ and decrease boys’ test scores, but these effects mainly concern students in classrooms with very skewed gender distributions. Moreover, effect sizes are very small, suggesting that classroom gender composition should not be a primary policy concern except when imbalances are large and cumulatively sustained. Findings also underscore the importance of accounting for nonlinearities and cumulative effects in research on gender peer effects.
{"title":"Gender Peer Effects on Educational Achievement in Swedish Compulsory Schools: A Study of Contemporaneous and Cumulative Effects","authors":"Tünde Lénárd","doi":"10.1177/00380407251391761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251391761","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents evidence on linear, nonlinear, and cumulative gender peer effects on test scores. The study utilizes exceptional Swedish data containing the history of the gender composition of students’ classrooms from first to ninth grades. The analysis builds on school fixed effects with the added advantage of observing within-school variation in gender composition across actual classrooms. In contrast to what is often suggested in the literature, results show that gender composition does not uniformly affect boys and girls. More female-dominated classrooms slightly increase girls’ and decrease boys’ test scores, but these effects mainly concern students in classrooms with very skewed gender distributions. Moreover, effect sizes are very small, suggesting that classroom gender composition should not be a primary policy concern except when imbalances are large and cumulatively sustained. Findings also underscore the importance of accounting for nonlinearities and cumulative effects in research on gender peer effects.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145499051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1177/00380407251381695
Sean J. Drake, Jeffrey Guhin
Previous work on student alienation in schools has emphasized alienation as either a source or consequence of students’ lack of achievement. We show, in contrast, how alienation is common to a wide range of students’ experiences in school, including among “high-achieving” students. Drawing on over two years of ethnographic fieldwork in two disparate suburban high schools, we show how students’ experience of alienation is linked to an exacting achievement narrative in U.S. schooling. We describe four forms of alienation: precarious character, unsound settings, impossible plots, and someone else’s story, with the first three each connected to a different narrative element (character, setting, plot) and the fourth a more existential sense of narrative disconnect. We highlight the importance of alienation as a reason to de-emphasize schooling in solutions to inequality, making space for more radical politics of redistribution.
{"title":"The Achievement Narrative and Alienation in School: A Typology of Academic Disconnection","authors":"Sean J. Drake, Jeffrey Guhin","doi":"10.1177/00380407251381695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251381695","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work on student alienation in schools has emphasized alienation as either a source or consequence of students’ lack of achievement. We show, in contrast, how alienation is common to a wide range of students’ experiences in school, including among “high-achieving” students. Drawing on over two years of ethnographic fieldwork in two disparate suburban high schools, we show how students’ experience of alienation is linked to an exacting achievement narrative in U.S. schooling. We describe four forms of alienation: precarious character, unsound settings, impossible plots, and someone else’s story, with the first three each connected to a different narrative element (character, setting, plot) and the fourth a more existential sense of narrative disconnect. We highlight the importance of alienation as a reason to de-emphasize schooling in solutions to inequality, making space for more radical politics of redistribution.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1177/00380407251352785
María G. Rendón, Ashley Hernandez, David R. Schaefer
We examine exclusion and the persistence of STEM disparities for underrepresented minority (URM) students at one diverse college campus, a prestigious Minority Serving Institution (MSI). We draw on in-depth interviews with 28 class- and ethnoracially diverse children of immigrants to examine how they navigated their first year in biology. Our analysis reveals three types of students who differ in STEM capital: (1) STEM-thrivers, who inhabit a “bio-bubble”; (2) STEM-adapters, who straddle STEM-dominant and non-STEM-dominant peers; and (3) STEM-disconnected, who struggle in silence. We explain how this STEM capital typology is racially inflected, informed by both immigrant class origin and high school segregation. We call attention to social dynamics associated with STEM capital, the forms of exclusion encountered by URM students, and how universities, including MSIs, can reinforce STEM disparities that result in social reproduction.
{"title":"Social Reproduction at a Minority Serving Institution: STEM Capital Disparities among Children of Immigrants","authors":"María G. Rendón, Ashley Hernandez, David R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1177/00380407251352785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251352785","url":null,"abstract":"We examine exclusion and the persistence of STEM disparities for underrepresented minority (URM) students at one diverse college campus, a prestigious Minority Serving Institution (MSI). We draw on in-depth interviews with 28 class- and ethnoracially diverse children of immigrants to examine how they navigated their first year in biology. Our analysis reveals three types of students who differ in STEM capital: (1) STEM-thrivers, who inhabit a “bio-bubble”; (2) STEM-adapters, who straddle STEM-dominant and non-STEM-dominant peers; and (3) STEM-disconnected, who struggle in silence. We explain how this STEM capital typology is racially inflected, informed by both immigrant class origin and high school segregation. We call attention to social dynamics associated with STEM capital, the forms of exclusion encountered by URM students, and how universities, including MSIs, can reinforce STEM disparities that result in social reproduction.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1177/00380407251359628
Maya Kaul
Teachers’ professional identities are the foundation of their practice. Previous scholarship has largely overlooked the extent to which the broader institutional environment shapes teachers’ professional identities. In this study, I bridge institutional logics with theory on teacher professional identity to empirically examine the deeply institutionalized, taken-for-granted ways U.S. society has come to think of teaching (e.g., as a moral calling, as a profession, as labor), which are internalized by PK–12 teachers. I draw on survey data from 950 teachers across four U.S. states (California, New York, Florida, and Texas) and develop an original survey measure to capture what I term teachers’“institutionalized conceptions of teaching.” Across diverse state policy contexts, I find that teachers’ conceptions of teaching are guided by three underlying logics: (1) an accountability logic, (2) a democratic logic, and (3) a moral calling logic. I then examine the relationship between institutional logics and teachers’ professional identities. I find that the taken-for-granted ways society frames teaching may be associated with dimensions of teachers’ professional identity, such as self-efficacy and professional commitment. The findings suggest that supporting the professional well-being of PK–12 teachers may require shifting the deeply institutionalized norms of the profession to be more aligned with teachers’ democratic aims—rather than maintaining our system’s deep norms around external accountability and view of teaching as a moral calling. The study offers methodological contributions to the study of logics and practical implications for the field of teaching.
{"title":"The Logics of Teaching: How Institutionalized Ideas about Teaching Shape Teachers’ Professional Identities","authors":"Maya Kaul","doi":"10.1177/00380407251359628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251359628","url":null,"abstract":"Teachers’ professional identities are the foundation of their practice. Previous scholarship has largely overlooked the extent to which the broader institutional environment shapes teachers’ professional identities. In this study, I bridge institutional logics with theory on teacher professional identity to empirically examine the deeply institutionalized, taken-for-granted ways U.S. society has come to think of teaching (e.g., as a moral calling, as a profession, as labor), which are internalized by PK–12 teachers. I draw on survey data from 950 teachers across four U.S. states (California, New York, Florida, and Texas) and develop an original survey measure to capture what I term teachers’“institutionalized conceptions of teaching.” Across diverse state policy contexts, I find that teachers’ conceptions of teaching are guided by three underlying logics: (1) an accountability logic, (2) a democratic logic, and (3) a moral calling logic. I then examine the relationship between institutional logics and teachers’ professional identities. I find that the taken-for-granted ways society frames teaching may be associated with dimensions of teachers’ professional identity, such as self-efficacy and professional commitment. The findings suggest that supporting the professional well-being of PK–12 teachers may require shifting the deeply institutionalized norms of the profession to be more aligned with teachers’ democratic aims—rather than maintaining our system’s deep norms around external accountability and view of teaching as a moral calling. The study offers methodological contributions to the study of logics and practical implications for the field of teaching.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1177/00380407251352786
Laura T. Hamilton, Charlie Eaton, Simon Cheng
Latine college students in the United States face increasing isolation in universities designated as Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). We contend that this pattern is not just a function of Latine selection into particular universities. Using enrollment data for public four-year undergraduate institutions from 1990 to 2019, we show that White student enrollment declines after universities cross the 25 percent Latine threshold and become designated as HSIs. Our layered model of college choice identifies multiple factors that activate White racial avoidance, pulling White students to Predominately White Institutions and pushing them away from HSIs. Controlling for local demographics in states and counties where HSIs are located, we estimate White student enrollments are 6 percent to 16 percent lower after HSI status. Student application and admission data for California and Texas four-year public universities illustrate that national patterns of White enrollment decline at HSI transition are likely driven by student and family preferences rather than organizational processes or seat constraints. Applications from White students are 12 percent lower after HSI status, yet admissions data, over which universities exert considerable control, show no change. Overall, our findings suggest White students respond to the high concentration of Latine students at HSIs with “white flight,” contributing to racial segregation in higher education.
{"title":"White Flight in Public Higher Education? Racial Avoidance of Hispanic-Serving Institutions","authors":"Laura T. Hamilton, Charlie Eaton, Simon Cheng","doi":"10.1177/00380407251352786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251352786","url":null,"abstract":"Latine college students in the United States face increasing isolation in universities designated as Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). We contend that this pattern is not just a function of Latine selection into particular universities. Using enrollment data for public four-year undergraduate institutions from 1990 to 2019, we show that White student enrollment declines after universities cross the 25 percent Latine threshold and become designated as HSIs. Our layered model of college choice identifies multiple factors that activate White racial avoidance, pulling White students to Predominately White Institutions and pushing them away from HSIs. Controlling for local demographics in states and counties where HSIs are located, we estimate White student enrollments are 6 percent to 16 percent lower after HSI status. Student application and admission data for California and Texas four-year public universities illustrate that national patterns of White enrollment decline at HSI transition are likely driven by student and family preferences rather than organizational processes or seat constraints. Applications from White students are 12 percent lower after HSI status, yet admissions data, over which universities exert considerable control, show no change. Overall, our findings suggest White students respond to the high concentration of Latine students at HSIs with “white flight,” contributing to racial segregation in higher education.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1177/00380407251356275
Yao Lu, Xiaoguang Li, Christina Ciocca Eller
How does education–occupation mismatch shape racial/ethnic labor market inequality among highly educated workers? Bridging the literatures on racial/ethnic discrimination and labor market signaling, we propose a new concept, “racialized signaling,” to explain inequality in the college-to-work transition, operationalized through education–occupation mismatch. We then use longitudinal data to examine the labor market consequences of racialized signaling, analyzing vertical and horizontal dimensions of mismatch. We find that Black and Hispanic graduates experience the negative consequences of mismatch most strongly at the point of occupational allocation relative to their White peers, whereas Asian graduates experience the greatest negative consequences of mismatch regarding wage penalties. Advanced degrees, STEM degrees, and degrees from more selective institutions have some moderating effects, but they do not fully level the playing field for minority graduates. Overall, our findings suggest education–occupation mismatch is a powerful, although heterogeneous, mechanism reproducing racial/ethnic inequality among the most educated segment of the U.S. population.
{"title":"Underemployed and Penalized: Education–Occupation Mismatch and Racial/Ethnic Inequality among Highly Educated Workers","authors":"Yao Lu, Xiaoguang Li, Christina Ciocca Eller","doi":"10.1177/00380407251356275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251356275","url":null,"abstract":"How does education–occupation mismatch shape racial/ethnic labor market inequality among highly educated workers? Bridging the literatures on racial/ethnic discrimination and labor market signaling, we propose a new concept, “racialized signaling,” to explain inequality in the college-to-work transition, operationalized through education–occupation mismatch. We then use longitudinal data to examine the labor market consequences of racialized signaling, analyzing vertical and horizontal dimensions of mismatch. We find that Black and Hispanic graduates experience the negative consequences of mismatch most strongly at the point of occupational allocation relative to their White peers, whereas Asian graduates experience the greatest negative consequences of mismatch regarding wage penalties. Advanced degrees, STEM degrees, and degrees from more selective institutions have some moderating effects, but they do not fully level the playing field for minority graduates. Overall, our findings suggest education–occupation mismatch is a powerful, although heterogeneous, mechanism reproducing racial/ethnic inequality among the most educated segment of the U.S. population.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Targeted school funding is a potentially valuable policy lever to increase educational equality by race, ethnicity, and income, but it remains unclear how to target funds most effectively. We use a regression discontinuity approach to compare districts that narrowly passed or failed a school funding election. We use close tax elections in nine states to identify effects of operating funds, and we use close bond elections in eight states to identify effects of capital funds. Results indicate positive achievement returns to spending, especially for math achievement. We find similar returns to spending by student race, ethnicity, and income (not statistically different), but we find significantly larger returns for students in low-spending and high-poverty districts than in more advantaged districts. Targeted spending to low-resource districts is more effective and can reduce inequality. Mediation analyses suggest spending on teacher salaries and counselors may be particularly effective mechanisms to increase achievement among Black and low-income students.
{"title":"When Money Matters Most: Unpacking the Effectiveness of School Spending","authors":"Emily Rauscher, Greer Mellon, Susanna Loeb, Carolyn Abott","doi":"10.1177/00380407251349165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251349165","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted school funding is a potentially valuable policy lever to increase educational equality by race, ethnicity, and income, but it remains unclear how to target funds most effectively. We use a regression discontinuity approach to compare districts that narrowly passed or failed a school funding election. We use close tax elections in nine states to identify effects of operating funds, and we use close bond elections in eight states to identify effects of capital funds. Results indicate positive achievement returns to spending, especially for math achievement. We find similar returns to spending by student race, ethnicity, and income (not statistically different), but we find significantly larger returns for students in low-spending and high-poverty districts than in more advantaged districts. Targeted spending to low-resource districts is more effective and can reduce inequality. Mediation analyses suggest spending on teacher salaries and counselors may be particularly effective mechanisms to increase achievement among Black and low-income students.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1177/00380407251338844
Garrett Baker, David S. Kirk, Robert J. Sampson
A burgeoning literature suggests that criminal justice contact in adolescence hinders educational attainment, but prior research primarily considers short-term outcomes and relies on self-reported arrest information. In this article, we leverage Illinois administrative records over 25 years linked to a multicohort longitudinal study to provide estimates of whether an officially recorded juvenile arrest lingers beyond high school through college completion. We find that juvenile arrest is associated with a 20 to 30 percentage-point decrease in one’s likelihood of graduating from a four-year college. This association persists for college enrollees and is consistent across sociodemographic groups and birth cohorts. Given the unequal and prevalent nature of juvenile arrest, the association’s durability across time periods characterized by vast social-structural changes, and the potentially unique vulnerabilities of system-involved students on college campuses, our study offers new insights on how official legal entanglement prior to adulthood may contribute to inequality in the United States.
{"title":"The Great Leveler? Juvenile Arrest, College Attainment, and the Future of American Inequality","authors":"Garrett Baker, David S. Kirk, Robert J. Sampson","doi":"10.1177/00380407251338844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407251338844","url":null,"abstract":"A burgeoning literature suggests that criminal justice contact in adolescence hinders educational attainment, but prior research primarily considers short-term outcomes and relies on self-reported arrest information. In this article, we leverage Illinois administrative records over 25 years linked to a multicohort longitudinal study to provide estimates of whether an officially recorded juvenile arrest lingers beyond high school through college completion. We find that juvenile arrest is associated with a 20 to 30 percentage-point decrease in one’s likelihood of graduating from a four-year college. This association persists for college enrollees and is consistent across sociodemographic groups and birth cohorts. Given the unequal and prevalent nature of juvenile arrest, the association’s durability across time periods characterized by vast social-structural changes, and the potentially unique vulnerabilities of system-involved students on college campuses, our study offers new insights on how official legal entanglement prior to adulthood may contribute to inequality in the United States.","PeriodicalId":51398,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Education","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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