Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202985
Glenn D. Walters
Based on previous research and a theoretical model which states moral neutralization is learned through interaction with others, it was hypothesized that moral neutralization would promote an accelerated rate of delinquent growth during the middle school years, while a related concept, cognitive impulsivity, would not. Using multilevel modeling with 3,166 youth (1,538 boys, 1,628 girls) from the Gang Reduction Education and Training (GREAT) study, the effects of school level moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity on delinquent growth were evaluated over a period of 18 to 21 months. Multilevel modeling produced results consistent with the conclusion that only moral neutralization moderated the temporal rise in delinquency once age, sex, race, treatment condition, and individual-level measures of moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity were controlled.
{"title":"Taking it to the Next Level: Multilevel Modeling and the Effect of School-Level Differences in Moral Neutralization on Individual-Level Delinquency Growth in Early Adolescence","authors":"Glenn D. Walters","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202985","url":null,"abstract":"Based on previous research and a theoretical model which states moral neutralization is learned through interaction with others, it was hypothesized that moral neutralization would promote an accelerated rate of delinquent growth during the middle school years, while a related concept, cognitive impulsivity, would not. Using multilevel modeling with 3,166 youth (1,538 boys, 1,628 girls) from the Gang Reduction Education and Training (GREAT) study, the effects of school level moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity on delinquent growth were evaluated over a period of 18 to 21 months. Multilevel modeling produced results consistent with the conclusion that only moral neutralization moderated the temporal rise in delinquency once age, sex, race, treatment condition, and individual-level measures of moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity were controlled.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202981
Maisha N. Cooper, Jeff A. Bouffard
Researchers suggest an inverse relationship between criminal behaviors and a number of social bonds, including religiosity, but few studies have examined religiosity’s impact among adults, especially those known to have committed serious crimes. Utilizing survey data from a large sample of men and women incarcerated for felonies in a southwestern correctional system, we estimated a series of regressions examining the relationship between religiosity and intentions to drive drunk, controlling for a number of other social and self-control measures. We also explored possible race and sex differences in these relationships. Results support the negative relationship between religiosity and crime; and indicate that this significant relationship is similar among men and women, and also among White and African American individuals.
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Religiosity and Offending Intentions Among Various Sub-Samples of Incarcerated Individuals","authors":"Maisha N. Cooper, Jeff A. Bouffard","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202981","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers suggest an inverse relationship between criminal behaviors and a number of social bonds, including religiosity, but few studies have examined religiosity’s impact among adults, especially those known to have committed serious crimes. Utilizing survey data from a large sample of men and women incarcerated for felonies in a southwestern correctional system, we estimated a series of regressions examining the relationship between religiosity and intentions to drive drunk, controlling for a number of other social and self-control measures. We also explored possible race and sex differences in these relationships. Results support the negative relationship between religiosity and crime; and indicate that this significant relationship is similar among men and women, and also among White and African American individuals.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"653 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202780
Alyssa W. Chamberlain, Lyndsay N. Boggess
We investigate differential effects of neighborhood structure on the arrest rates of men versus women. Given potential disparities in the use of discretion by offense severity, we disaggregate crime to aggravated assaults, burglaries, and drug offenses. We employ negative binomial regression models to predict the number of arrests by sex for each crime type, and test for significant differences within and between sex across offense severity. We find few differences within and across sex, however, levels of disorder and the racial composition of a neighborhood are important structural factors in understanding arrests by sex and across offense type. Neighborhood composition is associated with differential rates of arrest by sex and across offense severity, which has implications for gender disparities in the criminal justice system.
{"title":"Disparities in Sex-Specific Arrest Rates: Does Offense Type and Neighborhood Context Matter?","authors":"Alyssa W. Chamberlain, Lyndsay N. Boggess","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202780","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate differential effects of neighborhood structure on the arrest rates of men versus women. Given potential disparities in the use of discretion by offense severity, we disaggregate crime to aggravated assaults, burglaries, and drug offenses. We employ negative binomial regression models to predict the number of arrests by sex for each crime type, and test for significant differences within and between sex across offense severity. We find few differences within and across sex, however, levels of disorder and the racial composition of a neighborhood are important structural factors in understanding arrests by sex and across offense type. Neighborhood composition is associated with differential rates of arrest by sex and across offense severity, which has implications for gender disparities in the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202784
Priyanka Biswas, Nilanjana Das Chatterjee
In this present study, the focus has been given to excavating the generalities of domestic abuse against women in the Indian state of West Bengal and understanding the possible determinants. The study findings revealed that 69.68% of study respondents throughout Bengal often experienced any form of domestic violence in their lifetime. Mostly the traditional patriarchal structure that governs Bengal’s society endorses vulnerability among the ever-married women in the family environment, yet some other determinants viz. socio-demographic, socio-cultural as well as situational factors are significantly associated with the victimization of domestic abuse among women in Bengal’s society. This study aims to contribute to society and might help policymakers to address this societal issue more efficiently.
{"title":"Tears Behind the Closed Doors: A Logistic Analysis of Domestic Violence Against Women in West Bengal, India","authors":"Priyanka Biswas, Nilanjana Das Chatterjee","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202784","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study, the focus has been given to excavating the generalities of domestic abuse against women in the Indian state of West Bengal and understanding the possible determinants. The study findings revealed that 69.68% of study respondents throughout Bengal often experienced any form of domestic violence in their lifetime. Mostly the traditional patriarchal structure that governs Bengal’s society endorses vulnerability among the ever-married women in the family environment, yet some other determinants viz. socio-demographic, socio-cultural as well as situational factors are significantly associated with the victimization of domestic abuse among women in Bengal’s society. This study aims to contribute to society and might help policymakers to address this societal issue more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202779
Zachary D. Blizard, Andrea G. Sheetz
We examine the relationship between economic participation rates and rates of assaults, vandalisms, and drug offenses in neighborhoods in Forsyth County, N.C. We use a unique dataset containing assault, vandalism, and drug offense rates at the neighborhood level from 2013 to 2020. We estimate a two-way fixed effects spatial Durbin regression model relating crime rates to economic participation rates for the three types of crime. The results show that neighborhoods, proxied with census tracts, with higher economic participation rates among its residents have significantly lower crime rates. The relationship exists even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation. Workforce programs that recruit individuals from neighborhoods with low economic participation rates may have the additional benefit of reducing crime.
{"title":"Working to Reduce Crime: Exploring the Link Between Economic Participation and Crime Rates in Forsyth County, N.C. Neighborhoods","authors":"Zachary D. Blizard, Andrea G. Sheetz","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202779","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the relationship between economic participation rates and rates of assaults, vandalisms, and drug offenses in neighborhoods in Forsyth County, N.C. We use a unique dataset containing assault, vandalism, and drug offense rates at the neighborhood level from 2013 to 2020. We estimate a two-way fixed effects spatial Durbin regression model relating crime rates to economic participation rates for the three types of crime. The results show that neighborhoods, proxied with census tracts, with higher economic participation rates among its residents have significantly lower crime rates. The relationship exists even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation. Workforce programs that recruit individuals from neighborhoods with low economic participation rates may have the additional benefit of reducing crime.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135899435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202783
Matt Vogel, Theodore S. Lentz, Wouter Steenbeek
This paper expands the concept of contested neighborhood boundaries to account for spatial variation in violence across urban neighborhoods. We argue that contested boundaries—defined as spaces in which one group holds a narrow majority in close proximity to a large minority group—will contain the highest levels of intergroup violence. Conversely, levels of intragroup violence will be comparatively low in these areas, as contested spatial boundaries will give rise to more clearly defined group boundaries, increasing solidarity and placing downward pressure on intragroup conflict. We assess this bifurcated perspective by appending geocoded data on over 13,000 violent crimes to 359 Census block groups in St. Louis, MO for the period spanning 2010 to 2014.
{"title":"Contested Neighborhood Boundaries and Intergroup and Intragroup Violence","authors":"Matt Vogel, Theodore S. Lentz, Wouter Steenbeek","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202783","url":null,"abstract":"This paper expands the concept of contested neighborhood boundaries to account for spatial variation in violence across urban neighborhoods. We argue that contested boundaries—defined as spaces in which one group holds a narrow majority in close proximity to a large minority group—will contain the highest levels of intergroup violence. Conversely, levels of intragroup violence will be comparatively low in these areas, as contested spatial boundaries will give rise to more clearly defined group boundaries, increasing solidarity and placing downward pressure on intragroup conflict. We assess this bifurcated perspective by appending geocoded data on over 13,000 violent crimes to 359 Census block groups in St. Louis, MO for the period spanning 2010 to 2014.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135899671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202777
Travis Carter, Chris Melde
This study tests whether fear of victimization manifests in the same way across macro level contexts by drawing on Ferraro’s risk interpretation framework. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test the invariance of the risk interpretation framework across a sample of weighted survey data drawn from three Michigan cities. Results indicated that the framework operated in a theoretically invariant manner across city samples by way of measurement and structural invariance. This demonstrates the framework’s generality by highlighting its ability to consistently explain fear of victimization at a macro level across three city samples. Accordingly, investing in risk communication strategies targeted at improving perceptions at a macro level may be transferable and useful in moderating fear of victimization.
{"title":"Fear, Risk, and Local Control: Testing the Generality of Ferraro’s Risk Interpretation Framework","authors":"Travis Carter, Chris Melde","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202777","url":null,"abstract":"This study tests whether fear of victimization manifests in the same way across macro level contexts by drawing on Ferraro’s risk interpretation framework. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test the invariance of the risk interpretation framework across a sample of weighted survey data drawn from three Michigan cities. Results indicated that the framework operated in a theoretically invariant manner across city samples by way of measurement and structural invariance. This demonstrates the framework’s generality by highlighting its ability to consistently explain fear of victimization at a macro level across three city samples. Accordingly, investing in risk communication strategies targeted at improving perceptions at a macro level may be transferable and useful in moderating fear of victimization.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202778
Kyle J. Bares
Research on the transition into adulthood finds that individuals are likely to take on new adult roles which can influence a change in identity. Furthermore, literature on desistance finds that offending tends to decline as individuals transition into adulthood and that this decline can be attributed to changes in internal processes such as developing a new pro-social identity. However, scholarship has yet to conceptualize and measure the development of an adult identity as a latent construct. The current study seeks to establish a new latent time variant measurement I call Latent Adult Attitudes (LAA) and examine LAA’s association with offending. LAA uses a collection of items focused on attitudes towards adult roles to measure a latent construct of adult identity.
{"title":"Adult Attitudes and Crime: Understanding the Association Between Latent Adult Attitudes and Offending Across Time","authors":"Kyle J. Bares","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202778","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the transition into adulthood finds that individuals are likely to take on new adult roles which can influence a change in identity. Furthermore, literature on desistance finds that offending tends to decline as individuals transition into adulthood and that this decline can be attributed to changes in internal processes such as developing a new pro-social identity. However, scholarship has yet to conceptualize and measure the development of an adult identity as a latent construct. The current study seeks to establish a new latent time variant measurement I call Latent Adult Attitudes (LAA) and examine LAA’s association with offending. LAA uses a collection of items focused on attitudes towards adult roles to measure a latent construct of adult identity.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202787
Thomas Wojciechowski
Research has indicated that criminality may be transmitted from parent to offspring. However, there remains limited research examining risk for offspring recidivism in this regard and mechanisms underpinning this relationship. The present study examined dual systems imbalance as a potential mediator using the first three waves of the Pathways to Desistance data. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to test for direct and indirect effects of interest. Results indicated that parent criminal history predicted both increased recidivism risk and re-offending frequency. Dual systems imbalance significantly mediated the relationship between parent criminal history and recidivism risk, but this was not observed for the re-offending frequency outcome.
{"title":"Understanding Intergenerational Transmission of Recidivism Risk Among Justice-Involved Youth: Testing for Mediation via Dual Systems Model Processes","authors":"Thomas Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202787","url":null,"abstract":"Research has indicated that criminality may be transmitted from parent to offspring. However, there remains limited research examining risk for offspring recidivism in this regard and mechanisms underpinning this relationship. The present study examined dual systems imbalance as a potential mediator using the first three waves of the Pathways to Desistance data. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to test for direct and indirect effects of interest. Results indicated that parent criminal history predicted both increased recidivism risk and re-offending frequency. Dual systems imbalance significantly mediated the relationship between parent criminal history and recidivism risk, but this was not observed for the re-offending frequency outcome.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/00111287231202785
Christina Mancini, Christi Metcalfe, Robert Bradford Lehmann
Prior scholarship has tapped public preferences toward policing policy. Still, there is a need to continue to monitor public opinion given recent events. Post George Floyd, several reforms have been proposed: accountability and oversight initiatives (e.g., citizen boards, mandatory reviews), diversion of funds away from policing, and/or greater funding for police. Theory and research suggest that sentiments regarding these reforms are likely divided and vary based on perceptions of and experiences with police, as well as racial resentment. Drawing on a 2021 national poll, this study examined public support for several diverse reforms. Broad approval was evident for most reforms. However, support was contingent on perceptions of and experiences with the police, racial resentment, and socio-demographic factors. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"Public Opinion Toward Diverse Types of Police Reform Post-2020: The Impact of Perceptions, Experiences, and Racial Resentment","authors":"Christina Mancini, Christi Metcalfe, Robert Bradford Lehmann","doi":"10.1177/00111287231202785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231202785","url":null,"abstract":"Prior scholarship has tapped public preferences toward policing policy. Still, there is a need to continue to monitor public opinion given recent events. Post George Floyd, several reforms have been proposed: accountability and oversight initiatives (e.g., citizen boards, mandatory reviews), diversion of funds away from policing, and/or greater funding for police. Theory and research suggest that sentiments regarding these reforms are likely divided and vary based on perceptions of and experiences with police, as well as racial resentment. Drawing on a 2021 national poll, this study examined public support for several diverse reforms. Broad approval was evident for most reforms. However, support was contingent on perceptions of and experiences with the police, racial resentment, and socio-demographic factors. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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