Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287231197406
Seong-Min Park, Christopher Forepaugh, Young-Oh Hong
Criminological theories suggest that economic deprivation elevates violence in societies at both micro and macro levels. Relative Deprivation Theory constructed this causal framework by introducing pathways from objective deprivation to violence through mediating subjective perceptions and emotional resentments. This study tests these interactive pathways by building and examining stepwise multilevel structural equation models. We sampled 2,040 residents in South Korea using pair-matching stratified sampling and conducted face-to-face interviews. Findings suggest that subjective perception and emotional resentment play significant roles in understanding the association between economic deprivation and violence. These findings signify that criminologists should consider individual cognitive interpretations and social/cultural backgrounds when investigating the impact of economic deprivation.
{"title":"Understanding the Association of Subjective Perception and Emotional Resentment With Micro- and Macro-Level Violence: A Multilevel SEM Examination of Relative Deprivation Theory","authors":"Seong-Min Park, Christopher Forepaugh, Young-Oh Hong","doi":"10.1177/00111287231197406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231197406","url":null,"abstract":"Criminological theories suggest that economic deprivation elevates violence in societies at both micro and macro levels. Relative Deprivation Theory constructed this causal framework by introducing pathways from objective deprivation to violence through mediating subjective perceptions and emotional resentments. This study tests these interactive pathways by building and examining stepwise multilevel structural equation models. We sampled 2,040 residents in South Korea using pair-matching stratified sampling and conducted face-to-face interviews. Findings suggest that subjective perception and emotional resentment play significant roles in understanding the association between economic deprivation and violence. These findings signify that criminologists should consider individual cognitive interpretations and social/cultural backgrounds when investigating the impact of economic deprivation.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/00111287231197408
Heather A. Turner, Lisa M. Jones, Kimberly J. Mitchell, Adrienne Brown
Accurate and detailed information on the nature of hate crimes in the United States has been hindered by limitations in the compiling of hate crime statistics. The National Hate Crime Investigation Study (NHCIS) collected data from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies across the U.S. about the numbers of hate crimes investigated during 2018. Results show differences in a variety of case characteristics across four major categories of bias motivation (race/ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation/gender identity, and disability). Results suggest that police may miss hate crimes with bias motivations that are not clearly connected to common culturally recognized indicators. Training around non-stereotypical hate crime cases may help to identify and strengthen hate crime evidence.
{"title":"Variations in Hate Crime Cases by Bias Motivation Type: Findings From the National Hate Crime Investigation Study (NHCIS)","authors":"Heather A. Turner, Lisa M. Jones, Kimberly J. Mitchell, Adrienne Brown","doi":"10.1177/00111287231197408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231197408","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and detailed information on the nature of hate crimes in the United States has been hindered by limitations in the compiling of hate crime statistics. The National Hate Crime Investigation Study (NHCIS) collected data from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies across the U.S. about the numbers of hate crimes investigated during 2018. Results show differences in a variety of case characteristics across four major categories of bias motivation (race/ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation/gender identity, and disability). Results suggest that police may miss hate crimes with bias motivations that are not clearly connected to common culturally recognized indicators. Training around non-stereotypical hate crime cases may help to identify and strengthen hate crime evidence.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1177/00111287231198045
Joshua C. Cochran, John Wooldredge, Claudia N. Anderson, Joshua S. Long
Concerns about restrictive housing are motivated in part by the assumption that as prison systems expanded and became more punitive, restrictive housing became overly routine. Limited empirical research exists, however, that quantifies its usage. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we argue that a more detailed understanding of restrictive housing usage is required to advance theory, research, and evidence-based policy. Second, we bring data to bear on questions about the prevalence and trends in the use of the most routine forms of restrictive housing in Ohio prisons. We analyze 9 years of event history data to develop an empirical portrait of its use across the system and over time. We track how many individuals are placed and how long they are placed and we examine variation across facility characteristics. The paper concludes with a discussion focused on extending this work to investigate restrictive housing usage and impacts.
{"title":"Establishing Key Facts About Restrictive Housing—A Systems-Level Descriptive Analysis of Restrictive Housing and the Implications for Theory, Research, and Policy","authors":"Joshua C. Cochran, John Wooldredge, Claudia N. Anderson, Joshua S. Long","doi":"10.1177/00111287231198045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231198045","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about restrictive housing are motivated in part by the assumption that as prison systems expanded and became more punitive, restrictive housing became overly routine. Limited empirical research exists, however, that quantifies its usage. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we argue that a more detailed understanding of restrictive housing usage is required to advance theory, research, and evidence-based policy. Second, we bring data to bear on questions about the prevalence and trends in the use of the most routine forms of restrictive housing in Ohio prisons. We analyze 9 years of event history data to develop an empirical portrait of its use across the system and over time. We track how many individuals are placed and how long they are placed and we examine variation across facility characteristics. The paper concludes with a discussion focused on extending this work to investigate restrictive housing usage and impacts.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1177/00111287231197422
Cooper A. Maher
Victims’ acknowledgment of their experiences as criminal events is a crucial first step to any criminal justice involvement. Works examining the topic have identified several factors associated with acknowledgment, including the seriousness of the offense, repeat victimization, help-seeking behaviors, and distress. Despite this, works examining acknowledgment have been restricted to interpersonal offenses, limiting understandings of whether correlates of acknowledgment can apply in other specific domains, such as for consumer fraud. Using a sample of consumer fraud victims from the National Crime Victimization Survey Supplemental Fraud Survey ( n = 411), findings indicate that distress and help-seeking increased odds of acknowledgment, while repeat victimization was not associated with acknowledgment. Findings are discussed in light of future directions for research and policy.
{"title":"Buyer Beware, or Buyer Unaware? Examining the Correlates of Consumer Fraud Victimization Acknowledgment in the United States","authors":"Cooper A. Maher","doi":"10.1177/00111287231197422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231197422","url":null,"abstract":"Victims’ acknowledgment of their experiences as criminal events is a crucial first step to any criminal justice involvement. Works examining the topic have identified several factors associated with acknowledgment, including the seriousness of the offense, repeat victimization, help-seeking behaviors, and distress. Despite this, works examining acknowledgment have been restricted to interpersonal offenses, limiting understandings of whether correlates of acknowledgment can apply in other specific domains, such as for consumer fraud. Using a sample of consumer fraud victims from the National Crime Victimization Survey Supplemental Fraud Survey ( n = 411), findings indicate that distress and help-seeking increased odds of acknowledgment, while repeat victimization was not associated with acknowledgment. Findings are discussed in light of future directions for research and policy.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.1177/00111287231155923
I. Sun, Yuning Wu, Shan Shen, Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich, Jon Maskály, P. Neyroud
The coronavirus has stirred a wave of studies on policing the pandemic. Nonetheless, officers’ intentions to enforce COVID-related rules and regulations remain under-researched. Drawing upon survey data from 600 police officers in a major Chinese city, this study explores the associations between organizational support, behavioral and psychological conditions, and perceived public compliance and officers’ willingness to intervene in rule violations. Organizational support in providing supervisory instructions, training, and PPE increased the likelihood of officers issuing tickets, whereas minimizing COVID-19 risks to officers reduced the probability of officers not taking any action against rule violations. Officers who perceive community residents as compliant with pandemic regulations are less likely to take no action or use more punitive sanctions of ticket/fine and detention/arrest.
{"title":"Police Officers’ Preferences for Enforcing COVID-19 Regulatory Violations: The Impact of Organizational Support, Psychological Conditions, and Public Compliance","authors":"I. Sun, Yuning Wu, Shan Shen, Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich, Jon Maskály, P. Neyroud","doi":"10.1177/00111287231155923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231155923","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus has stirred a wave of studies on policing the pandemic. Nonetheless, officers’ intentions to enforce COVID-related rules and regulations remain under-researched. Drawing upon survey data from 600 police officers in a major Chinese city, this study explores the associations between organizational support, behavioral and psychological conditions, and perceived public compliance and officers’ willingness to intervene in rule violations. Organizational support in providing supervisory instructions, training, and PPE increased the likelihood of officers issuing tickets, whereas minimizing COVID-19 risks to officers reduced the probability of officers not taking any action against rule violations. Officers who perceive community residents as compliant with pandemic regulations are less likely to take no action or use more punitive sanctions of ticket/fine and detention/arrest.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44743625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00111287231152173
Bridget Joyner, Kevin M. Beaver
Callous-unemotional traits have been consistently tied to non-violent and violent criminal involvement among adolescents and adults. However, research has yet to fully explore potential underlying mechanisms that explain how and why these associations exist. The current study addresses this gap by analyzing data drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being I (NSCAW I) to examine violence exposure as a potential moderator to the association between callous-unemotional traits and delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Our analyses revealed that callous-unemotional traits were significantly associated with both delinquent and aggressive behaviors. However, we found no evidence to suggest that violence exposure moderates this association. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study for future research.
{"title":"Examining the Potential Influence of Violence Exposure on the Link Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Bridget Joyner, Kevin M. Beaver","doi":"10.1177/00111287231152173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231152173","url":null,"abstract":"Callous-unemotional traits have been consistently tied to non-violent and violent criminal involvement among adolescents and adults. However, research has yet to fully explore potential underlying mechanisms that explain how and why these associations exist. The current study addresses this gap by analyzing data drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being I (NSCAW I) to examine violence exposure as a potential moderator to the association between callous-unemotional traits and delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Our analyses revealed that callous-unemotional traits were significantly associated with both delinquent and aggressive behaviors. However, we found no evidence to suggest that violence exposure moderates this association. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study for future research.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"47 1","pages":"1282 - 1311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85194889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00111287231151870
Wanda E. Leal, Elizabeth L. Gloyd, A. Piquero, Nicole Leeper Piquero
To curb the spread of the novel coronavirus, most cities and states implemented COVID-19 public health restrictions that became enforceable offenses. Unfortunately, concerns about unequitable enforcement arose among minority and impoverished communities. The current study uses official data from San Antonio, Texas to investigate the relationship between zip code racial and ethnic composition and income on the enforcement of COVID-19 public health violations. Over 28,000 enforcement activities from March 2020 to March 2021 were analyzed using random effects logistic regression. Results indicate that enforcement activities in zip codes with above average percent Black and above average percent Hispanic were more likely to receive citations, even though citations were issued in less than one percent of all enforcement activities.
{"title":"Racial Disparities in the Enforcement of COVID-19 Public Health Violations","authors":"Wanda E. Leal, Elizabeth L. Gloyd, A. Piquero, Nicole Leeper Piquero","doi":"10.1177/00111287231151870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231151870","url":null,"abstract":"To curb the spread of the novel coronavirus, most cities and states implemented COVID-19 public health restrictions that became enforceable offenses. Unfortunately, concerns about unequitable enforcement arose among minority and impoverished communities. The current study uses official data from San Antonio, Texas to investigate the relationship between zip code racial and ethnic composition and income on the enforcement of COVID-19 public health violations. Over 28,000 enforcement activities from March 2020 to March 2021 were analyzed using random effects logistic regression. Results indicate that enforcement activities in zip codes with above average percent Black and above average percent Hispanic were more likely to receive citations, even though citations were issued in less than one percent of all enforcement activities.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45066929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1177/00111287221148653
Scott Jacques, Kim Moeller
Dutch coffeeshops are quasi-illegal. Their sale of cannabis is de jure prohibited but de facto permitted. In this sense, their criminal acts are tolerated. Less often explored, and less well understood, is that coffeeshops also tolerate crimes against them. “Doing nothing” is a common way to manage conflict. Why and how does it occur? In this article, we use the opportunity and rationality perspectives to analyze qualitative data obtained during interviews with 50 personnel of coffeeshops in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After presenting our findings, we discuss their general implications for tolerant, and intolerant, ways to manage conflict.
{"title":"Toleration by Victimized Coffeeshops in Amsterdam","authors":"Scott Jacques, Kim Moeller","doi":"10.1177/00111287221148653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221148653","url":null,"abstract":"Dutch coffeeshops are quasi-illegal. Their sale of cannabis is de jure prohibited but de facto permitted. In this sense, their criminal acts are tolerated. Less often explored, and less well understood, is that coffeeshops also tolerate crimes against them. “Doing nothing” is a common way to manage conflict. Why and how does it occur? In this article, we use the opportunity and rationality perspectives to analyze qualitative data obtained during interviews with 50 personnel of coffeeshops in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After presenting our findings, we discuss their general implications for tolerant, and intolerant, ways to manage conflict.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1177/00111287221141968
Peter S. Lehmann
Much prior work has revealed that minority students are more likely than White youth to experience school suspensions, expulsions, and office referrals. However, the research establishing these patterns has relied exclusively on regression-based methods, which may not ensure adequate between-group balance on the measured covariates. Using data from the 2012 to 2019 8th/10th grade cohorts of the Monitoring the Future survey (N = 62,962), this study compares the treatment effects estimated following coarsened exact matching (CEM) with those generated using conventional methods on unmatched data. The results from both sets of analyses reveal notable effects of race but less consistent findings for Hispanic ethnicity. Further, while the effect sizes are similar, the average adjusted predictions from the matched data are more modest.
{"title":"Race and Ethnicity Effects in School Discipline: A Coarsened Exact Matching Analysis","authors":"Peter S. Lehmann","doi":"10.1177/00111287221141968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221141968","url":null,"abstract":"Much prior work has revealed that minority students are more likely than White youth to experience school suspensions, expulsions, and office referrals. However, the research establishing these patterns has relied exclusively on regression-based methods, which may not ensure adequate between-group balance on the measured covariates. Using data from the 2012 to 2019 8th/10th grade cohorts of the Monitoring the Future survey (N = 62,962), this study compares the treatment effects estimated following coarsened exact matching (CEM) with those generated using conventional methods on unmatched data. The results from both sets of analyses reveal notable effects of race but less consistent findings for Hispanic ethnicity. Further, while the effect sizes are similar, the average adjusted predictions from the matched data are more modest.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"66 1","pages":"1414 - 1440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.1177/00111287221130961
Saeed Kabiri, M. Sharepour, C. J. Howell, Hadley Wellen, Hayden P. Smith, John K. Cochran, S. Shadmanfaat, T. S. Andersen
This study examines self-reported violations of emergent norms and regulations regarding COVID-19 mitigation and social hygiene practices among a sample of high school students randomly selected from public schools in Rasht, Iran. The study seeks to explain these COVID-19 ordinance violations through the application of Agnew’s general integrated theory of crime. Findings demonstrate that life domains, motivations, and constraints have a direct effect on COVID-19 misbehavior. Moreover, life domains have an indirect effect on COVID-19 misbehavior through both constraints and motivations. Finally, the relationship between motivations and COVID-19 misbehavior is moderated by the peers domain, whereas the relationship between constraints and COVID-19 misbehavior is moderated by the family domain and school domain.
{"title":"Violations of Emergent Norms Regarding COVID-19 Mitigation and Social Hygiene: An Application of Agnew’s General Theory of Crime","authors":"Saeed Kabiri, M. Sharepour, C. J. Howell, Hadley Wellen, Hayden P. Smith, John K. Cochran, S. Shadmanfaat, T. S. Andersen","doi":"10.1177/00111287221130961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221130961","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines self-reported violations of emergent norms and regulations regarding COVID-19 mitigation and social hygiene practices among a sample of high school students randomly selected from public schools in Rasht, Iran. The study seeks to explain these COVID-19 ordinance violations through the application of Agnew’s general integrated theory of crime. Findings demonstrate that life domains, motivations, and constraints have a direct effect on COVID-19 misbehavior. Moreover, life domains have an indirect effect on COVID-19 misbehavior through both constraints and motivations. Finally, the relationship between motivations and COVID-19 misbehavior is moderated by the peers domain, whereas the relationship between constraints and COVID-19 misbehavior is moderated by the family domain and school domain.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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