Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221113305
T. Brown, Julie Baldwin, Molly Buchanan, M. Krohn
Previous research on rural gangs in America has found these groups not only to be relatively transitory in nature but also forming during periods of economic recovery. This qualitative study focuses on a community within the impoverished rural Mississippi Delta with an extended history of institutionalized Black gangs with ties to national gang nations. Through in-depth interviews with incarcerated members of the community, many of whom have/had gang ties, we seek to understand the unique conditions that fostered these non-traditional rural gangs. More specifically, we critically examine the relationship between social and structural factors that affected the origins, processes, and persistence of gangs in the area. Our findings highlight the social dislocations influenced by state-abandoned responsibilities and the corresponding adaptations by gangs and their members.
{"title":"“Bangin” at the Crossroads’: A Study of Rural Gangs","authors":"T. Brown, Julie Baldwin, Molly Buchanan, M. Krohn","doi":"10.1177/00111287221113305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221113305","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on rural gangs in America has found these groups not only to be relatively transitory in nature but also forming during periods of economic recovery. This qualitative study focuses on a community within the impoverished rural Mississippi Delta with an extended history of institutionalized Black gangs with ties to national gang nations. Through in-depth interviews with incarcerated members of the community, many of whom have/had gang ties, we seek to understand the unique conditions that fostered these non-traditional rural gangs. More specifically, we critically examine the relationship between social and structural factors that affected the origins, processes, and persistence of gangs in the area. Our findings highlight the social dislocations influenced by state-abandoned responsibilities and the corresponding adaptations by gangs and their members.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"91 1","pages":"267 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90527613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1177/00111287221110448
R. Svensson, Kim Moeller, Björn Johnson, David Shannon
This study examines whether unstructured and structured activities interact in their association with delinquency and cannabis use. We hypothesize that unstructured activities are more strongly associated with delinquency and cannabis use for those who are less engaged in structured activities. Data are drawn from three nationally representative self-report studies conducted between 2005 and 2011 in Sweden, and include 19,644 adolescents. The results support the hypothesis that unstructured activities interact with structured activities in the association with delinquency and cannabis use. The association between unstructured activities and these outcomes is stronger for those with lower levels of structured activities. Sporting activities constitute the structured activity that most clearly interacts with unstructured activities in the association with delinquency and cannabis use.
{"title":"For Whom Do Unstructured Activities Matters? The Interaction Between Unstructured and Structured Activities in Delinquency and Cannabis Use: A National Self-Report Study","authors":"R. Svensson, Kim Moeller, Björn Johnson, David Shannon","doi":"10.1177/00111287221110448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221110448","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether unstructured and structured activities interact in their association with delinquency and cannabis use. We hypothesize that unstructured activities are more strongly associated with delinquency and cannabis use for those who are less engaged in structured activities. Data are drawn from three nationally representative self-report studies conducted between 2005 and 2011 in Sweden, and include 19,644 adolescents. The results support the hypothesis that unstructured activities interact with structured activities in the association with delinquency and cannabis use. The association between unstructured activities and these outcomes is stronger for those with lower levels of structured activities. Sporting activities constitute the structured activity that most clearly interacts with unstructured activities in the association with delinquency and cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"20 1","pages":"2022 - 2045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81798418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.1177/00111287221110446
Sheetal Ranjan, Christine H Neudecker, Catherine Clare Strange, Michelle L. T. Wojcik, Aakash K. Shah, R. Solhkhah
Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) are multidisciplinary programs that use a health/public health approach to violence intervention by intervening with victims of violence at the time of injury and leveraging hospital- and community-based resources to address the underlying risk factors for violence. Much of the evidence for the impacts of HVIPs comes from qualitative research, yet there are few reviews of the efficacy of these approaches, and none that focus specifically on the HVIP context. This paper fills this gap by reviewing the common qualitative elements of published HVIP evaluations, and discusses their strengths, challenges, and relative applicability for researchers and practitioners alike. It then sets forth a research agenda, making a case for further (and more varied) qualitative HVIP evaluation research.
{"title":"Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs): Making a Case for Qualitative Evaluation Designs","authors":"Sheetal Ranjan, Christine H Neudecker, Catherine Clare Strange, Michelle L. T. Wojcik, Aakash K. Shah, R. Solhkhah","doi":"10.1177/00111287221110446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221110446","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) are multidisciplinary programs that use a health/public health approach to violence intervention by intervening with victims of violence at the time of injury and leveraging hospital- and community-based resources to address the underlying risk factors for violence. Much of the evidence for the impacts of HVIPs comes from qualitative research, yet there are few reviews of the efficacy of these approaches, and none that focus specifically on the HVIP context. This paper fills this gap by reviewing the common qualitative elements of published HVIP evaluations, and discusses their strengths, challenges, and relative applicability for researchers and practitioners alike. It then sets forth a research agenda, making a case for further (and more varied) qualitative HVIP evaluation research.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"16 1","pages":"487 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87490194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1177/00111287221109768
Lorna Ferguson, Melissa Elliott, Sin Kim
Victimization has been anecdotally connected to missing persons within several reviews, inquiries, and media stories, particularly in consequence of missing-turned-serial murder cases. However, this has been paid little attention within the scholarship. To remedy this gap, this study empirically explores the link between missing persons and victimization through the perspective of lifestyle exposure theory. A qualitative thematic analysis of 1,920 missing person files uncovers several demographic and lifestyle factors implicating victimization risk, as well as their ranked aggregated and disaggregated saliency. Examples include criminality, victimizing events, sex work, and gender identity. Also discovered is that the context and nature of victimization risk differ for specific people and groups. The implications of these findings and future research areas are herein discussed.
{"title":"Examining the Connection Between Missing Persons and Victimization: An Application of Lifestyle Exposure Theory","authors":"Lorna Ferguson, Melissa Elliott, Sin Kim","doi":"10.1177/00111287221109768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221109768","url":null,"abstract":"Victimization has been anecdotally connected to missing persons within several reviews, inquiries, and media stories, particularly in consequence of missing-turned-serial murder cases. However, this has been paid little attention within the scholarship. To remedy this gap, this study empirically explores the link between missing persons and victimization through the perspective of lifestyle exposure theory. A qualitative thematic analysis of 1,920 missing person files uncovers several demographic and lifestyle factors implicating victimization risk, as well as their ranked aggregated and disaggregated saliency. Examples include criminality, victimizing events, sex work, and gender identity. Also discovered is that the context and nature of victimization risk differ for specific people and groups. The implications of these findings and future research areas are herein discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"92 1","pages":"656 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1177/00111287221108702
Sarah A. Rogers, Baker A. Rogers
Qualitative researchers encounter obstacles related to publishing, acceptability, research self-disclosure, rapport development, feelings of guilt or vulnerability, and opportunity that quantitative scholars often do not. Here we discuss our experiences with these obstacles related to one queer qualitative study in hopes that it will provide knowledge to the next generation of queer qualitative scholars. We begin by discussing the state of the field in terms of qualitative scholarship and queer criminology, then we discuss our own experiences doing qualitative queer criminology. Our goal is to show why qualitative queer criminology matters, that it can be done despite its challenges, and to encourage the field of criminology and criminal justice to become more inclusive of qualitative methodologies.
{"title":"Advantages and Challenges of Queer Scholars Doing Qualitative Queer Criminology and Criminal Justice Research","authors":"Sarah A. Rogers, Baker A. Rogers","doi":"10.1177/00111287221108702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221108702","url":null,"abstract":"Qualitative researchers encounter obstacles related to publishing, acceptability, research self-disclosure, rapport development, feelings of guilt or vulnerability, and opportunity that quantitative scholars often do not. Here we discuss our experiences with these obstacles related to one queer qualitative study in hopes that it will provide knowledge to the next generation of queer qualitative scholars. We begin by discussing the state of the field in terms of qualitative scholarship and queer criminology, then we discuss our own experiences doing qualitative queer criminology. Our goal is to show why qualitative queer criminology matters, that it can be done despite its challenges, and to encourage the field of criminology and criminal justice to become more inclusive of qualitative methodologies.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"6 1","pages":"464 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75472165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1177/00111287221108707
John C. Navarro, Kate E. Knudsen, Christina L. Richardson
Residency restrictions stipulate the living arrangements of sex offenders, but underdiscussed are geographic restrictions that limit spatial interactions relating to loitering, presence, and entry. Our statutory analysis of state-level geographic restrictions identifies 38, 18, 19, and 14 states which have implemented residency, loitering, presence, and entry restrictions. Geographic restrictions are widely adopted, particularly between 2006 and 2010, and are dispersed randomly by region and division, with some states being more comprehensive than others, particularly in West South Central. Residency restrictions were typically older and longer, with distance markers progressively less common for loitering, presence, and entry restrictions. Geographic restrictions were more often offense-specific than registration-specific and demonstrated heterogeneity in the number and types of prohibited venues that were commonly youth-centric.
{"title":"A Statutory Analysis of State-Level Sex Offender Residency, Loitering, Presence, and Entry Restrictions","authors":"John C. Navarro, Kate E. Knudsen, Christina L. Richardson","doi":"10.1177/00111287221108707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221108707","url":null,"abstract":"Residency restrictions stipulate the living arrangements of sex offenders, but underdiscussed are geographic restrictions that limit spatial interactions relating to loitering, presence, and entry. Our statutory analysis of state-level geographic restrictions identifies 38, 18, 19, and 14 states which have implemented residency, loitering, presence, and entry restrictions. Geographic restrictions are widely adopted, particularly between 2006 and 2010, and are dispersed randomly by region and division, with some states being more comprehensive than others, particularly in West South Central. Residency restrictions were typically older and longer, with distance markers progressively less common for loitering, presence, and entry restrictions. Geographic restrictions were more often offense-specific than registration-specific and demonstrated heterogeneity in the number and types of prohibited venues that were commonly youth-centric.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"36 1","pages":"392 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75291956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221106959
Chase L. Montagnet
Although religion and crime occupies a relatively small space in contemporary criminological research, religious beliefs, and practices are central to classical social theory. This study uses fixed effects models to analyze three waves of panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine the relationship between a multidimensional measure of religiosity and several forms of delinquency. The results indicate that the relationship between religiosity and delinquency is offense-specific. While religiosity is inversely related to substance use in the presence of social bonds and predictors of delinquency, its relationship with non-violent delinquency is mixed. Finally, religiosity is not associated with violent offending. The results suggest that renewed interest in religion among criminologists is warranted.
{"title":"The Variable Association Between Religiosity and Delinquency","authors":"Chase L. Montagnet","doi":"10.1177/00111287221106959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221106959","url":null,"abstract":"Although religion and crime occupies a relatively small space in contemporary criminological research, religious beliefs, and practices are central to classical social theory. This study uses fixed effects models to analyze three waves of panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine the relationship between a multidimensional measure of religiosity and several forms of delinquency. The results indicate that the relationship between religiosity and delinquency is offense-specific. While religiosity is inversely related to substance use in the presence of social bonds and predictors of delinquency, its relationship with non-violent delinquency is mixed. Finally, religiosity is not associated with violent offending. The results suggest that renewed interest in religion among criminologists is warranted.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"8 1","pages":"2046 - 2072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89786531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221104045
Laura S. Abrams, Kaylyn C. Canlione, D. M. Washington
Using phenomenological methodology, the authors explore the core emotions involved in the transition from imprisonment to society for released juvenile lifers and how these emotions inform participants’ sense of self. Nine adult men, who had spent an average of 26 years imprisoned for homicide crimes committed as youth, participated in a series of in-depth interviews following their resentencing and release. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, we found that reintegration following a life sentence involves powerful emotions of joy and shame, and that these emotions can be reconciled to achieve an integrated sense of self—one that embodies self-acceptance and positive self-regard. The findings add to prior theory and research and offer new understandings of the reintegration process for released juvenile lifers.
{"title":"“I Wouldn’t Change Who I’ve Become”: Released Juvenile Lifers on Joy, Shame, and the Journey to an Integrated Self","authors":"Laura S. Abrams, Kaylyn C. Canlione, D. M. Washington","doi":"10.1177/00111287221104045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221104045","url":null,"abstract":"Using phenomenological methodology, the authors explore the core emotions involved in the transition from imprisonment to society for released juvenile lifers and how these emotions inform participants’ sense of self. Nine adult men, who had spent an average of 26 years imprisoned for homicide crimes committed as youth, participated in a series of in-depth interviews following their resentencing and release. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, we found that reintegration following a life sentence involves powerful emotions of joy and shame, and that these emotions can be reconciled to achieve an integrated sense of self—one that embodies self-acceptance and positive self-regard. The findings add to prior theory and research and offer new understandings of the reintegration process for released juvenile lifers.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"150 33","pages":"367 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72444395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221106962
Z. Vakhitova, R. Mawby, Nicola Helps, C. Alston-Knox
It is widely acknowledged that tourists are particularly likely to be victimized, especially with regard to property crimes like theft from tourist accommodation (burglary). Guided by the criminal opportunity perspective, we examine the extent to which environmental and routine activities-related factors explain burglary using the data from a sample of Australian tourists (N = 1,027). Bayesian variable selection with a stochastic search algorithm was used to analyze the data. Our findings demonstrate the utility of opportunity theories in explaining crime against tourists. We found that the location and type of accommodation together with the use of target hardening and guardianship strategies are helpful for understanding burglary from tourist accommodation. Practical implications for crime prevention are also discussed.
{"title":"Tourism and Crime: An Exploratory Study of Burglary From Tourist Accommodation From the Criminal Opportunity Perspective","authors":"Z. Vakhitova, R. Mawby, Nicola Helps, C. Alston-Knox","doi":"10.1177/00111287221106962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221106962","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely acknowledged that tourists are particularly likely to be victimized, especially with regard to property crimes like theft from tourist accommodation (burglary). Guided by the criminal opportunity perspective, we examine the extent to which environmental and routine activities-related factors explain burglary using the data from a sample of Australian tourists (N = 1,027). Bayesian variable selection with a stochastic search algorithm was used to analyze the data. Our findings demonstrate the utility of opportunity theories in explaining crime against tourists. We found that the location and type of accommodation together with the use of target hardening and guardianship strategies are helpful for understanding burglary from tourist accommodation. Practical implications for crime prevention are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"20 1","pages":"2164 - 2193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81103906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1177/00111287221103746
Maria N. Scaptura, Brittany E. Hayes, Jeff Gruenewald, William S. Parkin, Michelle E. Protas
Despite rhetoric on the association between violence against women and extremist violence, little empirical work has examined the intersection of these forms of violence. Relying on open-source data from the Extremist Crime Database, we examine how these forms of violence intersect in terms of a strained dominant masculinity. Among the 54 extremist offenders with documented histories of violence against women, extremist offenders committed familicides (n = 23), or violence against women as a precursor to extremist violence (n = 25). For a small minority of offenders (n = 6), these forms of violence intersected in a form of settling scores against women and minoritized groups.
{"title":"“The Perfect Aryan Housewife”: Intersection of Extremist Violence and Violence Against Women","authors":"Maria N. Scaptura, Brittany E. Hayes, Jeff Gruenewald, William S. Parkin, Michelle E. Protas","doi":"10.1177/00111287221103746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221103746","url":null,"abstract":"Despite rhetoric on the association between violence against women and extremist violence, little empirical work has examined the intersection of these forms of violence. Relying on open-source data from the Extremist Crime Database, we examine how these forms of violence intersect in terms of a strained dominant masculinity. Among the 54 extremist offenders with documented histories of violence against women, extremist offenders committed familicides (n = 23), or violence against women as a precursor to extremist violence (n = 25). For a small minority of offenders (n = 6), these forms of violence intersected in a form of settling scores against women and minoritized groups.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"13 1","pages":"607 - 629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87671774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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