Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1177/00111287221126075
Alexis Yohros, Isabel Geisler, Sarah J. Lockwood, Emelyn Miller, Candence Wills, Amy Farrell, Carlos A. Cuevas
Latinx adults are increasingly avoiding formal authorities, local services, and community engagement out of fear of victimization and deportation. Increased distrust and fear of authorities threaten to erode individual and community feelings of safety. While crime prevention scholarship identifies community efficacy, local engagement, and bonds to formal institutions as critical components to creating safety within local communities, there is little research to date on how avoidance in response to victimization impacts these processes. This study utilized data from 53 qualitative interviews of Latinx adults to understand the ways that bias victimization and discrimination alter feelings of community safety. Participants expressed distrust of formal institutions and decreased community engagement. They also leveraged informal networks like friends and family, emphasizing the nuanced impact of avoidance on community organization.
{"title":"Examining Avoidance, Victimization Risk, and Perceptions of Community Safety in Latinx Communities","authors":"Alexis Yohros, Isabel Geisler, Sarah J. Lockwood, Emelyn Miller, Candence Wills, Amy Farrell, Carlos A. Cuevas","doi":"10.1177/00111287221126075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221126075","url":null,"abstract":"Latinx adults are increasingly avoiding formal authorities, local services, and community engagement out of fear of victimization and deportation. Increased distrust and fear of authorities threaten to erode individual and community feelings of safety. While crime prevention scholarship identifies community efficacy, local engagement, and bonds to formal institutions as critical components to creating safety within local communities, there is little research to date on how avoidance in response to victimization impacts these processes. This study utilized data from 53 qualitative interviews of Latinx adults to understand the ways that bias victimization and discrimination alter feelings of community safety. Participants expressed distrust of formal institutions and decreased community engagement. They also leveraged informal networks like friends and family, emphasizing the nuanced impact of avoidance on community organization.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"42 1","pages":"559 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90944828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1177/00111287221122753
Cashen M. Boccio, Wanda E. Leal
Previous research links substance use with bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. Limited research, however, has explored how vaping, is related to bullying activities. What limited research has been conducted links vaping with bullying victimization in some samples. However, the relationship between vaping and the victim-offender overlap is extremely limited. This study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the associations between nicotine and marijuana vaping and bullying perpetration and victimization both in-person and online. In addition, we explore the relationship between vaping and holding bully-victim status. Our results suggest that marijuana vaping is associated with in-person bullying and nicotine vaping is associated with many facets of both in-person and cyber bullying experiences.
{"title":"The Bully-Victim Overlap and Vaping Activity Among Adolescents","authors":"Cashen M. Boccio, Wanda E. Leal","doi":"10.1177/00111287221122753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221122753","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research links substance use with bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. Limited research, however, has explored how vaping, is related to bullying activities. What limited research has been conducted links vaping with bullying victimization in some samples. However, the relationship between vaping and the victim-offender overlap is extremely limited. This study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the associations between nicotine and marijuana vaping and bullying perpetration and victimization both in-person and online. In addition, we explore the relationship between vaping and holding bully-victim status. Our results suggest that marijuana vaping is associated with in-person bullying and nicotine vaping is associated with many facets of both in-person and cyber bullying experiences.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"40 1","pages":"1489 - 1510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83382372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1177/00111287221120186
Katherine Lorenz
Little attention has been paid to views of the police among sexual assault survivors. Understanding views of the police among a large population of crime victims who have historically been silenced and mistreated by our criminal-legal system can help inform recent and ongoing conversations about police funding and criminal justice reform. Qualitative interview data from a community sample of sexual assault survivors explored how police-detective interactions during sexual assault investigations shape views of the police. Negative interactions led to negative views of the police and for some were based on a culmination of positive and negative experiences. I share recommendations for responding to sexual assault that consider sexual assault survivors’ experiences with and views of the police.
{"title":"How Do Investigation Experiences Shape Views of the Police? Qualitatively Exploring Sexual Assault Survivors’ Interactions With Police Detectives and Subsequent Views of the Police","authors":"Katherine Lorenz","doi":"10.1177/00111287221120186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221120186","url":null,"abstract":"Little attention has been paid to views of the police among sexual assault survivors. Understanding views of the police among a large population of crime victims who have historically been silenced and mistreated by our criminal-legal system can help inform recent and ongoing conversations about police funding and criminal justice reform. Qualitative interview data from a community sample of sexual assault survivors explored how police-detective interactions during sexual assault investigations shape views of the police. Negative interactions led to negative views of the police and for some were based on a culmination of positive and negative experiences. I share recommendations for responding to sexual assault that consider sexual assault survivors’ experiences with and views of the police.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"196 1","pages":"342 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79872416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1177/00111287221118885
G. Walters, Lindsey Runell, Jonathan M. Kremser
This study sought to determine whether peer delinquency, cognitive insensitivity, and/or their interaction mediated the transition from bullying perpetration to delinquency. Data from 845 early adolescent youth (406 boys, 439 girls) organized into three waves were subjected to path analysis, with peer delinquency and cognitive insensitivity as parallel mediators. Results revealed that cognitive insensitivity successfully mediated the relationship between Wave 1 bullying perpetration and Wave 3 participant delinquency, whereas peer delinquency and the peer × insensitivity interaction did not. It would seem that involvement in bullying behavior may lead to a rise in antisocial thinking of the neutralization/moral disengagement type and that this thinking, referred to in this study as cognitive insensitivity, may then stimulate future involvement in delinquent behavior.
{"title":"Mediating the Bullying-to-Delinquency Transition With Peer Delinquency and Cognitive Insensitivity","authors":"G. Walters, Lindsey Runell, Jonathan M. Kremser","doi":"10.1177/00111287221118885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221118885","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to determine whether peer delinquency, cognitive insensitivity, and/or their interaction mediated the transition from bullying perpetration to delinquency. Data from 845 early adolescent youth (406 boys, 439 girls) organized into three waves were subjected to path analysis, with peer delinquency and cognitive insensitivity as parallel mediators. Results revealed that cognitive insensitivity successfully mediated the relationship between Wave 1 bullying perpetration and Wave 3 participant delinquency, whereas peer delinquency and the peer × insensitivity interaction did not. It would seem that involvement in bullying behavior may lead to a rise in antisocial thinking of the neutralization/moral disengagement type and that this thinking, referred to in this study as cognitive insensitivity, may then stimulate future involvement in delinquent behavior.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"45 1","pages":"1467 - 1488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80787954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1177/00111287221118879
Kristina Block, Jacob Kaplan
Past research indicates that when professional sports games are played, crime increases. Yet, little is known about how playoff games affect crime. As many criminal events associated with sports games, such as riots, occur during playoff games, this is an important gap in the literature. Using data from 15 National Hockey League (NHL) teams from 2013 through 2019, we examine how assault, disorder, and property crimes change when playoff games are played at home relative to when they are played away. We find that during home games there are 7% more disorder crimes and 4% more property crimes than during away games which suggests that city responses to playoff hockey games should prioritize crime reduction strategies to improve public safety.
{"title":"An Analysis of National Hockey League Playoff Games and City-Level Crime Counts","authors":"Kristina Block, Jacob Kaplan","doi":"10.1177/00111287221118879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221118879","url":null,"abstract":"Past research indicates that when professional sports games are played, crime increases. Yet, little is known about how playoff games affect crime. As many criminal events associated with sports games, such as riots, occur during playoff games, this is an important gap in the literature. Using data from 15 National Hockey League (NHL) teams from 2013 through 2019, we examine how assault, disorder, and property crimes change when playoff games are played at home relative to when they are played away. We find that during home games there are 7% more disorder crimes and 4% more property crimes than during away games which suggests that city responses to playoff hockey games should prioritize crime reduction strategies to improve public safety.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"29 1","pages":"2194 - 2217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88033029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1177/00111287221117488
Beck M. Strah, J. Pollock, Laurie T. Becker
Contemporary law enforcement methods are largely defined by crime control and militarization in the “warrior” policing model. In 2013, the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (WSCJTC) adopted an alternative “guardian” training model for the Basic Law Enforcement Academy (BLEA) focused on procedural justice, community partnerships, de-escalation, and crisis intervention. The current study investigates BLEA graduates’ perceptions of guardian policing and training elements. Researchers interviewed new officers who completed BLEA training with the guardian curriculum (n = 17) and officers trained in a warrior-based curriculum (n = 11). Themes are analyzed from interview data, including officer perceptions of BLEA guardian training and related programs. The paper concludes with discussion of limitations, themes, and policy implications of the research.
{"title":"Shifting From Warriors to Guardians: Officer Reflections on Law Enforcement Training in Washington State","authors":"Beck M. Strah, J. Pollock, Laurie T. Becker","doi":"10.1177/00111287221117488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221117488","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary law enforcement methods are largely defined by crime control and militarization in the “warrior” policing model. In 2013, the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (WSCJTC) adopted an alternative “guardian” training model for the Basic Law Enforcement Academy (BLEA) focused on procedural justice, community partnerships, de-escalation, and crisis intervention. The current study investigates BLEA graduates’ perceptions of guardian policing and training elements. Researchers interviewed new officers who completed BLEA training with the guardian curriculum (n = 17) and officers trained in a warrior-based curriculum (n = 11). Themes are analyzed from interview data, including officer perceptions of BLEA guardian training and related programs. The paper concludes with discussion of limitations, themes, and policy implications of the research.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"73 1","pages":"439 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91132228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1177/00111287221115650
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
Post-traumatic stress disorder and deviant peer association have been identified as robust risk factors predicting violent offending. However, there is a dearth of research which has examined interactive effects of these constructs for predicting violence perpetration. The present study utilized data from the Pathways to Desistance study to test for effects. Logistic regression was utilized to examine relationships. Results indicated that there was a significant and positive interaction between post-traumatic stress disorder and deviant peer association for predicting violent offending. Further examination of this relationship indicated that the disorder was a “for better or worse” condition, with low violent offending risk at low levels of deviant peer association and high risk at high levels of deviant peer association.
{"title":"Examining Interactive Effects of PTSD and Deviant Peer Association for Predicting Violent Offending Risk","authors":"Thomas W. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1177/00111287221115650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221115650","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and deviant peer association have been identified as robust risk factors predicting violent offending. However, there is a dearth of research which has examined interactive effects of these constructs for predicting violence perpetration. The present study utilized data from the Pathways to Desistance study to test for effects. Logistic regression was utilized to examine relationships. Results indicated that there was a significant and positive interaction between post-traumatic stress disorder and deviant peer association for predicting violent offending. Further examination of this relationship indicated that the disorder was a “for better or worse” condition, with low violent offending risk at low levels of deviant peer association and high risk at high levels of deviant peer association.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"132 1","pages":"1511 - 1533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86435581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.1177/00111287221115638
Simone Martin-Howard
In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide direct services for residents of underserved areas where gang violence is rampant. The purpose of this qualitative study is to create a context specific understanding of fear of crime, explore experiences of actual victimization, and identify the strategies participants use to adapt to community challenges at an NGO in the province through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Black and Colored women. Actual victimization was experienced by more than half of the sample, fear of crime was the main barrier for almost half of all participants to effectively use the NGOs services, and 40% of women adapt to community challenges by remaining resilient or coping with violence through avoidance.
{"title":"“I Am Actually Sitting With Fear”: Narratives of Fear of Crime and Actual Victimization in the Western Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"Simone Martin-Howard","doi":"10.1177/00111287221115638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221115638","url":null,"abstract":"In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide direct services for residents of underserved areas where gang violence is rampant. The purpose of this qualitative study is to create a context specific understanding of fear of crime, explore experiences of actual victimization, and identify the strategies participants use to adapt to community challenges at an NGO in the province through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Black and Colored women. Actual victimization was experienced by more than half of the sample, fear of crime was the main barrier for almost half of all participants to effectively use the NGOs services, and 40% of women adapt to community challenges by remaining resilient or coping with violence through avoidance.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"6 1","pages":"584 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77719276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.1177/00111287221114803
Nan Li, Young-An Kim
In the current study, we examine the effects of the number of subway stations as well as magnitude of subway ridership on crime in 1/4-mile egohoods in New York City, while accounting for structural characteristics and land uses. Longitudinal analyses are conducted using a set of negative binomial regression fixed effects models. We found that the number of subway stations have crime-enhancing effects for robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, and larceny, but crime-reducing for motor vehicle theft. We found mixed findings for subway ridership across different crime types. We also found that the effects of subway stations are moderated by the proportion of retail land use in place. The findings provide evidence that subway stations and ridership have important consequences for the spatial patterns of crime.
{"title":"Subway Station and Neighborhood Crime: An Egohood Analysis Using Subway Ridership and Crime Data in New York City","authors":"Nan Li, Young-An Kim","doi":"10.1177/00111287221114803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221114803","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we examine the effects of the number of subway stations as well as magnitude of subway ridership on crime in 1/4-mile egohoods in New York City, while accounting for structural characteristics and land uses. Longitudinal analyses are conducted using a set of negative binomial regression fixed effects models. We found that the number of subway stations have crime-enhancing effects for robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, and larceny, but crime-reducing for motor vehicle theft. We found mixed findings for subway ridership across different crime types. We also found that the effects of subway stations are moderated by the proportion of retail land use in place. The findings provide evidence that subway stations and ridership have important consequences for the spatial patterns of crime.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"58 1","pages":"2303 - 2328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74364109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221114806
K. Hancock
Wellness and its influence on behavior is emerging as an important topic in research and policy. Moreover, it is becoming apparent that race and gender interact to create unique experiences. It is therefore essential to consider how the intersection of gender and race shapes perceptions of wellness and thereby influences behavior. Using the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the impact of perceptions of wellness on delinquency was examined for various gender/race groups. Results indicated that, while some wellness dimensions predicted delinquency across groups, such as psychological or occupational wellness, some were more focused by gender/race group. Implications and future research are discussed.
{"title":"Wellness and Delinquency at the Intersection of Gender and Race","authors":"K. Hancock","doi":"10.1177/00111287221114806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221114806","url":null,"abstract":"Wellness and its influence on behavior is emerging as an important topic in research and policy. Moreover, it is becoming apparent that race and gender interact to create unique experiences. It is therefore essential to consider how the intersection of gender and race shapes perceptions of wellness and thereby influences behavior. Using the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the impact of perceptions of wellness on delinquency was examined for various gender/race groups. Results indicated that, while some wellness dimensions predicted delinquency across groups, such as psychological or occupational wellness, some were more focused by gender/race group. Implications and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"94 1","pages":"1534 - 1564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85853283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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