Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1177/00111287221134917
Thomas B. Sease, K. Knight
Criminal thinking patterns—attitudes, beliefs, or values supportive of criminal behavior—represent modifiable clinical targets that can be influenced during treatment as a way of decreasing clients’ risk for recidivism. This study developed a revised measure of criminal thinking based on the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTS). Using a sample of 797 people, results showed the revised instrument (TCU CTS 3.0) measured criminal thinking in five key areas: (1) Power Orientation, (2) Justification, (3) Insensitivity to Impact of Crime, (4) Grandiosity, and (5) Response Disinhibition. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the 5-factor solution reasonably fit the data and measurement invariance was achieved for assigned sex at birth and race. Implications and future directions are discussed.
{"title":"Development and Testing of the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scales 3.0","authors":"Thomas B. Sease, K. Knight","doi":"10.1177/00111287221134917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221134917","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal thinking patterns—attitudes, beliefs, or values supportive of criminal behavior—represent modifiable clinical targets that can be influenced during treatment as a way of decreasing clients’ risk for recidivism. This study developed a revised measure of criminal thinking based on the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTS). Using a sample of 797 people, results showed the revised instrument (TCU CTS 3.0) measured criminal thinking in five key areas: (1) Power Orientation, (2) Justification, (3) Insensitivity to Impact of Crime, (4) Grandiosity, and (5) Response Disinhibition. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the 5-factor solution reasonably fit the data and measurement invariance was achieved for assigned sex at birth and race. Implications and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"533 1","pages":"2699 - 2718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86923151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1177/00111287221130965
Suzanne Overstreet, Julie Sriken, David S. Lapsey, S. Mcneeley
Recent research has shown a link between fairness in terms of school rules and discipline and negative student outcomes, including delinquency, violent behavior, and victimization. The current study examines how fairness at school impacts bullying victimization—operationalized as repeated physical, psychological, or verbal victimization—among high school sophomores. We tested this hypothesis using one wave of the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002). The findings of negative binomial regression analyses indicate bullying victimization is more prevalent among students who believe that their schools are unfair. A number of student characteristics were also significantly related to experiencing bullying. Implications for policy and practice are outlined.
{"title":"School Fairness and Repeated Bullying Victimization Among High School Students","authors":"Suzanne Overstreet, Julie Sriken, David S. Lapsey, S. Mcneeley","doi":"10.1177/00111287221130965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221130965","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown a link between fairness in terms of school rules and discipline and negative student outcomes, including delinquency, violent behavior, and victimization. The current study examines how fairness at school impacts bullying victimization—operationalized as repeated physical, psychological, or verbal victimization—among high school sophomores. We tested this hypothesis using one wave of the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002). The findings of negative binomial regression analyses indicate bullying victimization is more prevalent among students who believe that their schools are unfair. A number of student characteristics were also significantly related to experiencing bullying. Implications for policy and practice are outlined.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"132 1","pages":"1391 - 1413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75126088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1177/00111287221134912
Stuti S. Kokkalera, C. Gonzalez, Jason M. Williams
Crime & Delinquency invited submissions for a special issue on Qualitative Criminology and Victimology in 2021. This double special issue aimed to amplify qualitative methodologies in criminology, criminal justice, and victimology research. The diverse range of articles and commentaries draw on a variety of qualitative methods to advance the discipline.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Qualitative Criminology and Victimology","authors":"Stuti S. Kokkalera, C. Gonzalez, Jason M. Williams","doi":"10.1177/00111287221134912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221134912","url":null,"abstract":"Crime & Delinquency invited submissions for a special issue on Qualitative Criminology and Victimology in 2021. This double special issue aimed to amplify qualitative methodologies in criminology, criminal justice, and victimology research. The diverse range of articles and commentaries draw on a variety of qualitative methods to advance the discipline.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"24 1","pages":"259 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78235871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1177/00111287221134518
S. Zhang
The dominant role of heroin in Chinese drug scenes has been gradually replaced by synthetic drugs since 2014. The gendered patterns of drug use have also changed with the transformation in drug consumption. Drawing upon survey data from 716 drug users detained in compulsory detoxification institutions, this study shows that permissive attitudes to drug use are a significant correlate of drug use frequency, and the correlation is much stronger among males than females. Neither self-control nor family attachment is significantly associated with drug use frequency. Drug-using peers are a constantly powerful correlate for drug use frequency among both males and females. Policy implications for improving treatment programs for detained drug users in compulsory detoxification institutions are discussed from a gender-specific perspective.
{"title":"Do Control, Peers, and Permissive Attitudes to Drugs Influence Drug Use Frequency in a Gendered Way?","authors":"S. Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00111287221134518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221134518","url":null,"abstract":"The dominant role of heroin in Chinese drug scenes has been gradually replaced by synthetic drugs since 2014. The gendered patterns of drug use have also changed with the transformation in drug consumption. Drawing upon survey data from 716 drug users detained in compulsory detoxification institutions, this study shows that permissive attitudes to drug use are a significant correlate of drug use frequency, and the correlation is much stronger among males than females. Neither self-control nor family attachment is significantly associated with drug use frequency. Drug-using peers are a constantly powerful correlate for drug use frequency among both males and females. Policy implications for improving treatment programs for detained drug users in compulsory detoxification institutions are discussed from a gender-specific perspective.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"33 1","pages":"1441 - 1466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75241579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1177/00111287221134918
Kathleen Ratajczak
Barriers to disclosing and help seeking after campus sexual assault differ across campuses and students. Social network theory suggests that network type impacts disclosure and help-seeking behaviors, where high risk for network loss decreases disclosure and help-seeking behavior. This study, using qualitative interviews with 23 students from two universities, finds all students were concerned about losing friends after disclosure, but this was more salient for students with small social networks. Small social networks resulted from small campus size and racial minority status in a predominately white institution (PWI). The negative impacts of network loss were greatest for students of color who were unable to replace race-based networks, whereas white students were able to rebuild networks, even on a small campus.
{"title":"Small Social Networks and Disclosure After Campus Sexual Assault: How Race and School Size Can Limit Student Disclosure","authors":"Kathleen Ratajczak","doi":"10.1177/00111287221134918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221134918","url":null,"abstract":"Barriers to disclosing and help seeking after campus sexual assault differ across campuses and students. Social network theory suggests that network type impacts disclosure and help-seeking behaviors, where high risk for network loss decreases disclosure and help-seeking behavior. This study, using qualitative interviews with 23 students from two universities, finds all students were concerned about losing friends after disclosure, but this was more salient for students with small social networks. Small social networks resulted from small campus size and racial minority status in a predominately white institution (PWI). The negative impacts of network loss were greatest for students of color who were unable to replace race-based networks, whereas white students were able to rebuild networks, even on a small campus.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"185 1","pages":"1369 - 1390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80600082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1177/00111287221134494
Melissa S. Jones, Hayley Pierce, J. Hoffmann
Considerable research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of self-control and delinquent behaviors. Still, no studies have explicitly examined ACEs, low self-control, and delinquency to determine if they are jointly associated, including whether this relationship varies by gender. The current study examines this important gap in existing literature. Using data from the Fragile Families and Childhood Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,232), we uncover that low self-control mediates the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency and that this relationship exists for both girls and boys.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences, Self-Control, and Delinquency","authors":"Melissa S. Jones, Hayley Pierce, J. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1177/00111287221134494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221134494","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of self-control and delinquent behaviors. Still, no studies have explicitly examined ACEs, low self-control, and delinquency to determine if they are jointly associated, including whether this relationship varies by gender. The current study examines this important gap in existing literature. Using data from the Fragile Families and Childhood Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,232), we uncover that low self-control mediates the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency and that this relationship exists for both girls and boys.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"16 1","pages":"1256 - 1281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89794077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1177/00111287221131038
Frank Ferdik, George M. Froggé, Sierra Doggett
Correctional officers are shouldered with important responsibilities designed to reinforce institutional security, yet work under hazardous conditions that can jeopardize their wellbeing. Among the myriad dangers they confront, COVID-19 has now presented itself as an additional threat to officer wellness. Presently little is known about how the coronavirus pandemic has affected officers, or their respective institutions. Semi-structured interview data collected from correctional officers working in a large, urban county jail located in the southeastern United States (N = 21) revealed how COVID-19 significantly disrupted institutional operations, compounded health concerns for officers, and created a climate of confusion over procedures designed to contain spread of the virus. Policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"“It’s Like the Zombie Apocalypse Here”: Correctional Officer Perspectives on the Deleterious Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Frank Ferdik, George M. Froggé, Sierra Doggett","doi":"10.1177/00111287221131038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221131038","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional officers are shouldered with important responsibilities designed to reinforce institutional security, yet work under hazardous conditions that can jeopardize their wellbeing. Among the myriad dangers they confront, COVID-19 has now presented itself as an additional threat to officer wellness. Presently little is known about how the coronavirus pandemic has affected officers, or their respective institutions. Semi-structured interview data collected from correctional officers working in a large, urban county jail located in the southeastern United States (N = 21) revealed how COVID-19 significantly disrupted institutional operations, compounded health concerns for officers, and created a climate of confusion over procedures designed to contain spread of the virus. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47923234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1177/00111287221131036
Revital Sela-Shayovitz, Hava Dayan, B. Hasisi
Youth involvement in radicalization and terrorism activity has increased over the last decade. The present study aimed to determine whether minor lone-actor terrorists feature unique individual characteristics, and identify situational factors related to these attacks. A comparative analysis was conducted with 83 minors and 82 mature lone-actor terrorists in Israel who committed terrorist attacks between January 2015 and December 2016. Results indicated significant differences between underage and adult lone-actor terrorists in three of the four “pillars of opportunity” (target, training, and facilitating conditions), as well as in the death toll. These findings suggest close affinities between the socio-psychological needs and challenges youth face in their adolescence phase and their modus operandi for terror acts. We discussed these findings in the context of existing research on youth radicalism and lone-actor terrorism, offering further directions for research.
{"title":"Act of Age: Minor Lone-Actor Terrorists and Their Attacks","authors":"Revital Sela-Shayovitz, Hava Dayan, B. Hasisi","doi":"10.1177/00111287221131036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221131036","url":null,"abstract":"Youth involvement in radicalization and terrorism activity has increased over the last decade. The present study aimed to determine whether minor lone-actor terrorists feature unique individual characteristics, and identify situational factors related to these attacks. A comparative analysis was conducted with 83 minors and 82 mature lone-actor terrorists in Israel who committed terrorist attacks between January 2015 and December 2016. Results indicated significant differences between underage and adult lone-actor terrorists in three of the four “pillars of opportunity” (target, training, and facilitating conditions), as well as in the death toll. These findings suggest close affinities between the socio-psychological needs and challenges youth face in their adolescence phase and their modus operandi for terror acts. We discussed these findings in the context of existing research on youth radicalism and lone-actor terrorism, offering further directions for research.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"53 1","pages":"995 - 1019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90479142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1177/00111287221130956
Hunter M. Boehme, Tameka Williams, Natalie Brown, Lekendra Kidd, Bryceson Hernandez, M. Nolan
We conducted 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with Black owners of barbershops or beauty salons within predominantly Black neighborhoods to explore the social mechanisms that aid in suppressing crime. Four emergent themes arose: (1) community anchors and safe havens, (2) violence interrupters, (3) life counselors, and (4) COVID-19 disruption and lessons of resiliency. Findings from this study contribute to the theoretical and empirical literature focused on “local institutions” and the importance of these businesses in building informal social control within Black communities. Further, these findings enhance our understanding of underlying place-based crime prevention mechanisms. This study promotes these institutions as key components in future crime prevention and public health interventions.
{"title":"“It’s All About Just Creating the Safe Space”: Barbershops and Beauty Salons as Community Anchors in Black Neighborhoods: Crime Prevention, Cohesion, and Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme, Tameka Williams, Natalie Brown, Lekendra Kidd, Bryceson Hernandez, M. Nolan","doi":"10.1177/00111287221130956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221130956","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with Black owners of barbershops or beauty salons within predominantly Black neighborhoods to explore the social mechanisms that aid in suppressing crime. Four emergent themes arose: (1) community anchors and safe havens, (2) violence interrupters, (3) life counselors, and (4) COVID-19 disruption and lessons of resiliency. Findings from this study contribute to the theoretical and empirical literature focused on “local institutions” and the importance of these businesses in building informal social control within Black communities. Further, these findings enhance our understanding of underlying place-based crime prevention mechanisms. This study promotes these institutions as key components in future crime prevention and public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44637356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1177/00111287221128483
Mica Deckard, Cory Schnell
Research on the concentration and stability of crime patterns at micro-places primarily examines years as the temporal unit of observation. This study examines temporal patterns between months to explore the impact of the modifiable temporal unit problem (MTUP). We analyzed 26,555 violent crime incidents reported to the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department from a 60-month observation period and geocoded these incidents to 14,106 street segments. Street segments with crime experienced these incidents across a small number of months and there is much variability in which locations are hot spots between months. Only a small number of street segments experienced a seasonal pattern between months with most locations having complete instability or unpredictability in the months when crime does occur.
{"title":"The Temporal (In)Stability of Violent Crime Hot Spots Between Months and The Modifiable Temporal Unit Problem","authors":"Mica Deckard, Cory Schnell","doi":"10.1177/00111287221128483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221128483","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the concentration and stability of crime patterns at micro-places primarily examines years as the temporal unit of observation. This study examines temporal patterns between months to explore the impact of the modifiable temporal unit problem (MTUP). We analyzed 26,555 violent crime incidents reported to the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department from a 60-month observation period and geocoded these incidents to 14,106 street segments. Street segments with crime experienced these incidents across a small number of months and there is much variability in which locations are hot spots between months. Only a small number of street segments experienced a seasonal pattern between months with most locations having complete instability or unpredictability in the months when crime does occur.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"10 1","pages":"1312 - 1335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87538089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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