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Functional and structural effects of local vs. global motor control training: An ultrasound-based study on deep abdominal muscles 局部与全局运动控制训练的功能和结构影响：一项基于超声的深腹肌研究

IF 1.4 Q3 REHABILITATION

JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.12.028

Katarzyna Szuścik-Niewiadomy , Paweł Niewiadomy , Oskar Stana , Michał Nowak

Background

Trunk stabilization is essential in rehabilitation and sports training, relying on anticipatory activation of deep trunk muscles like the transverse abdominis.

Objectives

This study assessed the effects of 4-week motor control training programs (global and local) on lateral abdominal wall muscle thickness and functional parameters.

Methods

Fifty-eight participants were enrolled, and forty-eight (35 women, 13 men) completed the study. Inclusion criteria were: age 18–40 years, BMI ≤29.9, and no contraindications to training. Participants were randomly assigned to global training (GT), local training (LT), or control (CG). The intervention lasted four weeks, with GT using a Pressure Biofeedback Stabilizer and LT using sonofeedback. Muscle thickness was assessed by ultrasound, trunk mobility with Fingertip-to-Floor and Sit-and-Reach tests, and jump performance via CMJ. Statistical analyses used Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

Global training (GT) significantly increased lateral abdominal muscle thickness (TrA: +0.7 cm, IO: +0.1 cm, EO: +0.06 cm; p < 0.01) and showed greater improvements in combined abdominal muscle thickness than both LT and CG. Local training (LT) demonstrated a near-significant increase in transverse abdominis thickness (+0.3 cm; p = 0.07). No significant changes were observed in trunk mobility or jump performance (p > 0.05). Ultrasound transducer positioning (parallel vs. perpendicular) affected measurement reliability for oblique muscles.

Conclusions

Global training led to hypertrophic changes in lateral abdominal muscles. Local training showed a trend toward increased transverse abdominis thick-ness but without statistical significance. Ultrasound measurements may be less reliable when the transducer is positioned parallel to the body midline.

背景躯干稳定在康复和运动训练中是必不可少的，它依赖于深躯干肌肉如腹横肌的预期激活。目的：本研究评估为期4周的运动控制训练计划（整体和局部）对侧腹壁肌肉厚度和功能参数的影响。方法共纳入58名受试者，其中48人（女性35人，男性13人）完成了研究。纳入标准为：年龄18-40岁，BMI≤29.9，无训练禁忌症。参与者被随机分配到全局训练（GT）、局部训练（LT）或对照组（CG）。干预持续了四周，GT使用压力生物反馈稳定器，LT使用声反馈。肌肉厚度通过超声评估，躯干活动能力通过指尖到地板和静坐和伸展测试，并通过CMJ评估跳跃性能。统计分析采用Wilcoxon和Kruskal-Wallis检验。结果整体训练（GT）显著增加了外侧腹肌厚度（TrA: +0.7 cm, IO: +0.1 cm, EO: +0.06 cm; p < 0.01），且综合腹肌厚度的改善明显大于LT和CG。局部训练（LT）显示腹横厚度几乎显著增加（+0.3 cm; p = 0.07）。躯干活动能力和跳跃性能无显著变化（p > 0.05）。超声换能器定位（平行与垂直）影响斜肌测量的可靠性。结论全面训练导致大鼠侧腹肌肥厚改变。局部训练有增加横腹厚度的趋势，但无统计学意义。当换能器与身体中线平行放置时，超声测量可能不太可靠。

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引用次数: 0

The long head of the biceps brachii muscle is lengthened by compression in the proximal and distal regions 在近端和远端压迫肱二头肌的长头

IF 1.4 Q3 REHABILITATION

JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.12.027

Hiyu Mukai , Masahide Yagi , Junya Saeki , Jun Umehara , Ko Yanase , Taiga Noda , Hiroshige Tateuchi , Noriaki Ichihashi

Introduction

Manual compression to a muscle, such as massage, is applied clinically to lengthen the muscle. By manual compression, a pennate muscle, the gastrocnemius muscle, is lengthened in the region proximal to the compression point and shortened in the distal region. Although the mechanical response to manual compression is probably different between a pennate muscle and a fusiform muscle, no study has investigated it in a fusiform muscle. The aim of this study was to clarify the lengthening of a fusiform muscle by applying compression using shear wave elastography.

Method

Twenty healthy young men participated in this study. The shear modulus of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle was evaluated in the regions proximal and distal to the compression point, with and without compression. A split-plot analysis of variance was performed to compare the shear modulus, where the factors were ‘measurement region (proximal, distal)’ and ‘condition (with and without compression).’

Result

The significant main effect of ‘condition’ was found, and the shear modulus with compression was higher than that without compression (p < 0.01). No significant main effect of ‘measurement region’ or interaction was found (p = 0.50 and 0.13, respectively).

Conclusion

The long head of the biceps brachii muscle, one of the fusiform muscles, may be lengthened by compression in the regions proximal and distal to the compression point, which was different from a pennate muscle. Furthermore, the lengthening of the muscle owing to compression may occur to the same extent in both regions.

临床应用手动按压肌肉，如按摩，以延长肌肉。通过手动压迫，在压迫点的近端区域，翼状肌即腓肠肌被拉长，在远端区域被缩短。尽管鞭状肌和梭状肌对手动压迫的机械反应可能不同，但没有研究对梭状肌进行过研究。本研究的目的是通过应用剪切波弹性成像来阐明梭状肌的延长。方法20名健康青年男性参与本研究。评估肱二头肌长头在受压点近端和远端区域的剪切模量，有无受压。进行分裂图方差分析以比较剪切模量，其中因素是“测量区域（近端，远端）”和“条件（有和没有压缩）”。结果“状态”的主效应显著，压缩后的剪切模量高于未压缩时的剪切模量（p < 0.01）。没有发现“测量区域”或相互作用的显著主效应（p分别= 0.50和0.13）。结论作为梭状肌的一种，肱二头肌的长头可通过压迫点近端和远端区域的压迫而延长，这与矢状肌不同。此外，由于压迫导致的肌肉延长可能在两个区域出现相同程度。

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引用次数: 0

Periodization of physical exercise in the rehabilitation of a professional soccer player following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report 一名职业足球运动员前交叉韧带重建后的康复期体育锻炼：1例报告

IF 1.4 Q3 REHABILITATION

JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.12.006

Sebastián Rodríguez , Catalina León-Prieto

Objective

To present the rehabilitation management of a professional soccer player following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft, emphasizing an exercise periodization approach.