JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES最新文献

Background: The field of sports training and rehabilitation is constantly evolving, seeking excellence in performance and optimal restoration of injured athletes. In this dynamic context, exercise progressions and regressions are fundamental, preventing injuries and adapting training to individual capacity, ensuring appropriate challenge and avoiding harmful overloads.

Objective: To describe the essence of exercise progressions and regressions, exploring in detail the intrinsic subtleties to these, as well as their relevance in the field of sports training and rehabilitation.

Design: Narrative review.

Results: Progressions and regressions in exercise are a strategic approach aimed at optimizing physical performance and health, preventing injury and avoiding overtraining through continuous and planned adaptation of training stimuli. Understanding these concepts can be facilitated through motor learning theories when learning a sporting gesture, as well as through functional progression tests used in sports physical therapy.

Conclusion: Progressions and regressions play a critical role in sports training and rehabilitation. It is essential that physical therapists, coaches and other professionals have a thorough understanding of these concepts to ensure the implementation of safe and effective practices in athlete development.

Background: The reformer is an apparatus on which to perform the foot work and the body in a comfortable, nonweight-bearing supine position and keeps the muscles in balance. The aim of this randomized controlled and single-center study was to investigate the effect of reformer Pilates exercises on cognitive functions in sedentary women.

Methods: A total of 44 sedentary women aged between 24 and 50 were randomized into two groups. The reformer Pilates group received a 6-week exercise program (45 min/twice per week), while the control group didn't receive any exercise program. Outcomes measured before and after the interventions were, right/left discrimination and scores of two questionnaires: Stroop Test and The Pittsburgh SleepQuality Index.

Results: Reformer pilates group showed significant improvement in terms of the Stroop Test (STROOP) "STROOP-B" (t0 = 156; p < 0.05; Cohen d = 0.12), "STROOP-C" (U = 144.5; p < 0.05; Cohen d = 1.13) and "STROOP-D" (U = 165; p < 0.05, Cohen d = 0.40) when compared to control group. In the comparison of the results of the right-left separation in both groups, the difference values were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Similarly, in the both groups the sleep quality of the individuals improved, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that Reformer Pilates exercises may be more effective on cognitive functions compared to no exercise intervention in sedentary women.

Clinical trial number: NCT05932004.

Background: Single leg squat (SLS) is an important motion commonly observed in sports. Excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV) during SLS may increase non-contact knee injury risks particularly in physically active females. As muscular strength plays crucial role in controlling DKV, the present study aims to evaluate the correlation between hip strength and knee frontal plane angle during SLS among females with and without excessive DKV.

Methods: Thirty-four volunteers were allocated to the valgus (n = 17) and non-valgus (n = 17) groups. Their motions during SLS at 45° and 60° knee flexion were captured and analyzed using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Isokinetic hip strength was examined at 180°/s in flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction for both legs. Pearson's correlation test was computed to evaluate the relationship between hip strength and knee angle during SLS.

Findings: Non-dominant hip extensor strength (r = -0.56, p = 0.02) and dominant hip adductor strength (r = -0.51, p = 0.04) were significantly related to the knee frontal plane angle during 45° SLS among those without DKV. Meanwhile, those with DKV showed a significant relationship between the knee frontal plane angle for both legs and non-dominant hip abductor strength during 60° SLS.

Interpretation: Both groups demonstrated the relationship of hip strength on knee frontal plane angle during SLS, whereby increased hip strength may minimize excessive DKV. Those with excessive DKV should train to strengthen their hip abductor to reduce knee valgus particularly during deep squats.

Objective: Music has an undeniable effect on the quality and quantity of life. In some clinical trial studies, its effect on improving the motor skills of human subjects has been checked. Until now, there has been no systematic review of the effects of music on the motor skills of healthy non-musician, non-athlete people.

Methods: We searched the full text of English clinical trial research articles in medical PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2023 with sensitive relevant keywords. We excluded studies that were conducted on artists and athletes.

Results: Based on the PRISMA flow diagram and after multistep screening, finally 26 records were reviewed. The art music type was only in one article and the popular music type was in 8 articles. In terms of the type of motor skill that was evaluated as a consequence of the use of music, the fine motor skills were evaluated in 4 articles and the gross motor skills were evaluated in 21 articles. The review showed that the number of fetal movements in three articles was significantly higher than that of the control group. In 20 studies, the effect of music on improving motor skills was positive, but in 2 studies, no statistically significant differences between groups due to the effects of music stimuli were found in outcomes. A reciprocal effect was also observed in a study, i.e generating action enhances auditory temporal sensitivity. Twenty studies had an overall low and unknown risk of bias. The most common types of bias were due to measurement of outcomes and the selection of the reported result.

Conclusion: The systematic review of 26 clinical trial studies about the effects of music on the motor skills of healthy non-musician, non-athlete people showed that except for 2 articles, music led to the improvement of motor skills. It is necessary to conduct further research with similar methods in terms of music type and motor skill types to conclude more accurate results.

Introduction: The cervical flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) is known as a quantitative measure of the ability of the cervical extensor muscles to relax during the full flexion of the cervical spine. Compared with subjects suffering from non-specific neck pain, the changes occurring in the pattern of the neck muscles' functions in cases with cervical spinal stenosis are not yet well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to compare cervical FRR in subjects with cervical lateral spinal stenosis and asymptomatic controls.

Methods: In total, 25 subjects with cervical lateral spinal stenosis (aged 44.7 ± 10.4) and 25 asymptomatic individuals (aged 44.3 ± 10.8) were included in this study. These participants performed full-neck flexion, and at the same time, the electrical activity of the cervical erector spinae (CES) muscles was recorded bilaterally. Cervical FRR was further calculated by analyzing the electromyographic data recorded for each muscle.

Results: The mean cervical FRR was significantly lower (P = 0.015) and the FRR asymmetry (ΔFRR) was significantly higher (P = 0.003) in the patients than asymptomatic controls. In addition, the cervical FRR of the involved side was significantly lower in the subjects with cervical pain compared with that in the non-involved one (P = 0.004). There was also a significant difference in the cervical extension (CE) angle between both study groups (P < 0.001), while the cervical flexion (CF) angle was not different (P = 0.25).

Conclusion: According to the study results, FRR and its asymmetry in the subjects with cervical lateral spinal stenosis were significantly different from that in asymptomatic controls and the CE angle declined in these subjects.

Background and objectives: Despite widespread osteopathic intervention, elite athletes' preferences for osteopathic care remain unclear, with limited evidence on musculoskeletal management. This study aimed to investigate elite track and field athletes' perspectives on their experiences of osteopathic treatment to inform the development of integrated models of care.

Methods: Purposive sampling was used during the enrolment phase. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to obtain data, and they were first piloted on two participants. A descriptive phenomenological method was used to undertake an inductive analysis of the interviews. Three following interviews were carried out to confirm data saturation.

Results: Data saturation was reached with 13 participants (female = 6; male = 7). Participants' ages ranged from 20 to 36 years old. The analysis showed 1 overarching theme, "Elite athletes look for a trusted specialised osteopath in their team to enhance their awareness and pursuit of specific goals," 3 themes, and 17 categories. Themes were: "Elite athletes perceive the need to build a helping relationship with the osteopath based on trust", "Elite athletes expect that the increase in body awareness influences the outcome of the osteopathic treatment leading to performance enhancement, injury prevention and biomechanical adjustments" and "Elite athletes are satisfied and feel more self-confident when they have consistent access to a specifically trained osteopath who works in an interdisciplinary team".

Conclusion: Results from the present study can lead to quantitative experimental designs for efficacy studies and integrated models of care that take into account, not just organisational and social factors but also technical factors.

Background: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have problems in function. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the short- or long-term effects of various orthoses on function of these people.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies reporting on the short- or long-term effects of orthotic intervention on functional performance in individuals with CAI were identified through PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, MEDLINE via Ovid, and Scopus databases from inception to July 2022. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and quality of the studies using ROB tool and PEDro scale, respectively.

Results: Eleven RCTs published from 2012 to 2022 were included in this review. The studies were of a fair or good quality. The risk of bias was low in 50 percent and high in 16.7 percent of the studies. The mSEBT in the posterolateral and posteromedial directions were improved both in the short- and long-term application of orthoses. Single leg hop did not change but single leg stance was improved more in the experimental group who used orthoses for 4 weeks.

Conclusion: Various tapes can improve dynamic balance immediately after application and their effects would last up to 2 months. Therefore, they can be used during training. Athletes with CAI who want to perform better should use the tape at least two weeks before competing to take advantage of its long-term effects. The timing of application of orthotic appliances, needs to be adjusted according to the relevant function.

Introduction: Chikungunya Fever is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Neurological manifestations associated with arboviruses such as Dengue and Zika Virus were reported between 2017 and 2019.

Aim: To describe the impact of physical therapy management on pain, mobility, and strength for a patient with transverse myelitis seropositive to Chikungunya.

Methods: A 29-year-old patient with transverse myelitis due to Chikungunya virus infection was subjected to physiotherapeutic evaluation and intervention for the management of pain, mobility, and lower limb strength. Pain intensity, tactile sensitivity for light touch and pain, and thermal sensitivity were assessed by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), aesthesiometer and pin-prick stimulator, and hot/cold test tubes, respectively. Functional mobility and lower limbs strength were assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the 30-s Chair-Stand test (30 CST), respectively. The physiotherapeutic protocol included kinesiotherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, and Functional Electrical Stimulation.

Results: After 20 sessions of a multimodal physical therapy intervention, all joints tested by NPRS showed pain reduction: lumbar spine (57.15%), hip and ankles (100%), right knee (28.58%), and left knee (33.34%).There was an improvement in performing the TUG test at "getting up" and "sitting down" phases (decrease of 30% and 23%, respectively), while the number of repetitions in the 30 TFC increased by 75%, in addition, there was an improvement in performance in the tests, with more autonomy and independence.

Conclusion: At the end of the physiotherapeutic intervention, pain, mobility, and strength of the lower limbs were improved.

Introduction: Postural control involves the coordination of muscle synergies of lower limb for the performance of postural strategies. However, the relationship between muscle function and postural control of older adults with different levels of physical activity has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of muscle function of lower limb on postural control in tasks with disturbance in the visual and somatosensory systems of older adults with different levels of physical activity.

Methods: 61 older adults participated in this study. The assessment of postural control was performed using posturography in tasks with visual and somatosensory systems disturbance. To assess peak torque and mean power of the lower limb, an isokinetic dynamometer was used. A regression test was performed to investigate the association between muscle function and posture. The regression model was adjusted for the level of physical activity.

Results: The complexity of the task and level of physical activity influenced the association between muscle function and postural control. The conditions that involved simultaneous disturbance in the visual and somatosensory systems were the ones that showed the greatest combination of associations, regardless of the stance type.

Conclusion: The ability to produce ankle and hip muscle power seems to be crucial for the postural control of the older adults in tasks that involve reducing the base of support associated with disturbances in the visual and somatosensory system. Physical activity programs for older adults should include strength and power training for the ankle, knee, and hip muscles, with emphasis on hip abductors.