Global Policy最新文献

FDI round-tripping has become an increasingly important issue in the world economy, with significant implications for tax revenues, regulatory frameworks, and economic policy. Little is known about its importance and characteristics from a country of origin perspective, and thus economic policies are ill-prepared to address it. This study analyzes the determinants of round-tripping in OECD countries and highlights the urgency of addressing it. Key findings reveal that factors such as economic development, tax burdens, institutional quality, and globalization levels significantly influence round-tripping. The results emphasize the need for coordinated international policy efforts to curb the distortions caused by round-tripping and promote transparent investment flows. Addressing round-tripping FDI is essential for ensuring equitable taxation and strengthening the integrity of global financial systems.

This paper explores the role of narratives in modern warfare, analyzing their impact, mechanisms, and constraints through an analysis of two books—Changing the Narrative: Information Campaigns, Strategy, and Crisis Escalation in the Digital Age by Lawrence Freedman and Heather Williams, and Subversion: The Strategic Weaponization of Narratives by Andreas Krieg. While military power remains decisive, cognitive warfare has evolved into a main instrument of geopolitical rivalry, shaping public perception and influencing strategic outcomes. Freedman and Williams argue that narratives, though central to cognitive warfare, have limited impact on crisis escalation. In contrast, Krieg sees them as potent subversive tools capable of destabilizing societies. This study critiques the short-term focus of Freedman and Williams, highlighting the long-term role of narratives in shaping ideological foundations for mass mobilization. It argues that narratives are not static; their authority and truthfulness evolve over time, influenced by shifting political and social contexts. Additionally, the study underscores the growing challenge democracies face in countering hostile narratives, calling for deeper research into trust, audience psychology, and effective counter-narrative strategies in the digital age.

Global trade is undergoing a structural reconfiguration, marked by a steady shift from hyper-globalization toward regionalization. Intra-regional trade has risen significantly within blocs such as the EU, USMCA, RCEP, and ASEAN, even as trade with large economies such as China has grown. Firms and policymakers alike are prioritizing economic security and supply chain resilience over cost optimization, leading to the expansion of regional trade corridors and deep trade agreements. This transformation is not episodic but systemic, shaped by multiple inflection points, from the rise of mega deep regional trade agreements to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic and recent geopolitical conflicts. While regionalization enhances resilience, it also limits competition and risks entrenching fragmentation and economic exclusion. To harness its benefits without undermining global integration, large economies must take the lead in sustaining multilateral cooperation, aligning regional strategies with global rules, and promoting shared prosperity. This paper explores the drivers, empirical patterns, and policy pathways of regionalization as the defining trade dynamic of the 21st century.

Given the scarce studies on the security issues raised by the Digital Silk Road (DSR), we aim to add novelty regarding the repercussions of this dimension of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by focusing on the case of Brazil. As a major Latin American nation with strong ties to China, Brazil is an extraordinary case study when it comes to assessing the effects of any BRI-related dimension. Despite Brazil's reluctance in officially joining the BRI, Brazil became part of the DSR after signing a Memorandum on the Digital Economy with China in 2023. By claiming that traditional liberal frameworks are insufficient to grasp the complexities of the digital space, we propose that the DSR is best approached through the lenses of Digitalpolitik. Based on a qualitative methodology complemented by an online survey and pre-selected interviews, we find that the initiative strengthens Brazil's digital ecosystem but poses security risks to its digital sovereignty.

This article analyzes how Civil Society and other Stakeholders (CSoS) participated in the creation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicator framework from 2015 to 2016. After the UN General Assembly (UNGA) approved the 17 SDGs and 169 targets, the UN Statistical Commission formed the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs) to negotiate indicators to measure the SDGs. Using a democratic governance framework of participation, this article analyzes how the UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service, several teams in the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the IAEG-SDGs included CSoS in consultations and negotiations and who participated. The term CSoS is broadly used to include nongovernmental organizations, academia, the private sector, and other groups (e.g., Major Groups or campaigns). The paper assesses the extent of democratic consultation. The research relies on interviews, document and video analysis, and an author-created database of respondents to initial open consultations. Analysis shows that organizations from the Global North and those with more access to resources or networked coalitions dominated. The research indicates that the UN can be committed to supporting democratic governance, but concerns arise related to the extent of participation that is encouraged or allowed by UN bureaucracy and Member States. Insight from this article can be applied to ongoing consultations and inclusive practices in international negotiations at the UN.