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The Value of College Athletics in the Labor Market: Results from a Resume Audit Field Experiment 大学体育运动在劳动力市场中的价值:来自简历审计现场实验的结果
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221123315
James D. Paul, Albert Cheng, Jay P. Greene, Joshua McGee
Employers may favor applicants who played college sports if athletics participation contributes to leadership, conscientiousness, discipline, and other traits that are desirable for labor-market productivity. We conduct a resume audit to estimate the causal effect of listing collegiate athletics on employer callbacks and test for subgroup effects by ethnicity, gender, and sport type. We applied to more than 450 jobs on a large, well-known job board. For each job listing, we submitted two fictitious resumes, one of which was randomly assigned to include collegiate varsity athletics. Overall, listing a college sport does not produce a statistically significant change in the likelihood of receiving a callback or interview request. We find no statistically significant differences within ethnicities or genders.
如果参加体育运动有助于领导力、责任心、纪律性和其他劳动力市场生产力所需的特质,雇主可能会青睐参加过大学体育运动的申请人。我们进行了一项简历审计,以估计将大学体育列入雇主召回名单的因果影响,并按种族、性别和运动类型测试亚组效应。我们在一个知名的大型招聘委员会申请了450多个职位。对于每一份工作清单,我们都提交了两份虚构的简历,其中一份被随机分配到大学田径队。总的来说,列出一项大学体育项目并不会对收到回拨或面试请求的可能性产生统计上的显著变化。我们发现种族或性别之间没有统计学上的显著差异。
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引用次数: 1
The Importance of Team Fit for NBA Rookies’ Career Earnings 球队适应度对NBA新秀职业生涯收入的重要性
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221120587
Joseph Kuehn, Filippo Rebessi
Workers entering the labor market often face a trade off between job matches that maximizes their short run and long run compensation. This trade off is influenced by peers who may enhance or diminish the worker’s productivity, and thus affect their future salary. We study this question for rookies in the National Basketball Association (NBA). We find that for rookies drafted between 2011 and 2017, playing with teammates that facilitated them getting 1 additional point per 100 possessions was predicted to increase the value of their second contract by between 9.9% and 23.6%. This implies that being drafted by the team that provides the ‘best fit’ is an important determinant of a rookie’s future earnings.
进入劳动力市场的工人经常面临工作匹配之间的权衡,以最大限度地提高他们的短期和长期薪酬。这种权衡受到同行的影响,他们可能会提高或降低工人的生产力,从而影响他们未来的工资。我们为美国国家篮球协会(NBA)的新秀们研究这个问题。我们发现,对于2011年至2017年间被选中的新秀来说,与队友一起打球,使他们每100次进攻获得1分,预计他们的第二份合同价值将增加9.9%至23.6%。这意味着,被“最适合”的球队选中是新秀未来收入的重要决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
You Booze, You Lose? Spillovers to Crime from Alcohol Sales at College Football Games 你疯了,你输了?大学橄榄球赛酒精销售对犯罪的影响
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221114878
Zach Fone
In recent years, many schools have lifted their alcohol sales bans at college football games, possibly as a tool to increase attendance and revenues. However, spillovers to crime deserve consideration, given the research that links alcohol consumption and availability to crime. Alcohol sales may spill over to crime through their impacts on attendance, preferences for alcohol consumption among fans, and endogenous changes to policing and enforcement, although the net effect on crime is theoretically ambiguous. Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) over the 2005 to 2016 period for law enforcement agencies that serve 33 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) schools, and utilizing difference-in-differences (DD) and triple-differences empirical strategies (leveraging variation in pre-vs. post-sales periods, home vs. away game days, and sales-adopting vs. non-adopting schools), I find that alcohol sales are associated with reductions in arrests for liquor law violations (83.5 percent) and disorderly conduct (81.0 percent) on home game days.
近年来,许多学校取消了大学橄榄球赛的酒类销售禁令,这可能是为了提高上座率和收入。然而,鉴于将酒精消费和可用性与犯罪联系起来的研究,对犯罪的溢出效应值得考虑。尽管从理论上讲,酒精销售对犯罪的净影响是模糊的,但酒精销售可能会通过对上座率、粉丝对酒精消费的偏好以及警察和执法的内生变化而波及犯罪。利用国家基于事件的报告系统(NIBRS)在2005年至2016年期间为33所足球碗分区(FBS)学校提供服务的执法机构的数据,并利用差异中的差异(DD)和三重差异实证策略(利用销售前与销售后时期、主场与客场比赛日以及销售采用与非采用学校的差异),我发现,在主场比赛日,酒类销售与因违反酒类法律(83.5%)和扰乱治安(81.0%)而被捕的人数减少有关。
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引用次数: 1
Compensating Differentials for the Risk of Reinjury – Lessons from Professional Boxing 补偿再受伤风险的差异——来自职业拳击的教训
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221120592
Peter Anderson
A neglected area in the compensating-differential literature is how wages compensate workers for the risk of reinjury, specifically the risk of a subsequent mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). Using a new, unbalanced panel of 1,211 professional boxers, this paper finds that boxers' purses price for the risk of knockout reinjury risk while those that have never lost by knockout earn economically and statistically insignificant knockout-risk premiums. These results are consistent across three measures of previous knockout loss and three robustness tests, implying that current values of a statistical injury (VSI) underestimate previously injured workers' willingness to pay for safety.
补偿差异文献中被忽视的一个领域是工资如何补偿工人再次受伤的风险,特别是随后轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)的风险。使用一个由1211名职业拳击手组成的新的、不平衡的小组,本文发现拳击手的钱包为淘汰赛再次受伤的风险定价,而那些从未因淘汰赛失利的拳击手获得的淘汰赛风险溢价在经济上和统计上都不重要。这些结果在先前淘汰损失的三项测量和三项稳健性测试中是一致的,这意味着统计损伤(VSI)的当前值低估了先前受伤工人为安全付费的意愿。
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引用次数: 2
Participation in Competitive Sports Closes Gender Gaps in Competition and in Risk Taking 参与竞技体育缩小了竞争和冒险中的性别差距
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221108189
M. Willinger, D. Dubois, Sabrina Bravaccini
We compare the preferences of athletes who practice individual sports to those of non-athletes, by combining incentivized tasks and survey questions. Athletes were more likely to opt for the tournament payment scheme in the competitive tasks. Female athletes and male non-athletes were equally likely to select the tournament payment. We also find that female athletes were equally as risk-tolerant as non-athlete men and equally as risk-tolerant as men overall (whether athletes or non-athletes), for incentivized tasks and stated preferences. It is concluded that participation in competitive sports favors closure of the gender gaps in competitiveness and risk tolerance.
我们通过将激励任务和调查问题相结合,比较了练习个人运动的运动员和非运动员的偏好。运动员更有可能在比赛任务中选择锦标赛付款计划。女性运动员和非运动员男性同样有可能选择比赛费用。我们还发现,在激励性任务和既定偏好方面,女性运动员与非运动员男性具有同等的风险承受能力,与男性(无论是运动员还是非运动员)具有同等的总体风险承受能力。结论是,参加竞技体育有利于缩小竞争力和风险承受能力方面的性别差距。
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引用次数: 0
Policy and Policy Response on the Court: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination of the Three-Point Line Extension in Basketball 球场上的政策与政策反应:篮球三分线延伸的理论与实证检验
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221111790
J. Ehrlich, Shankar Ghimire, Thomas R. Sadler, S. Sanders
This paper considers recent and historical changes in the three-point line distance at the NCAA and NBA levels as an example of policy change with highly-measurable outcome(s). The paper presents several empirical tests describing a point-maximizing basketball team's optimal allocation of two-point and three-point shots. It does so primarily in the context that the NCAA Men's Basketball three-point line was extended from 20′9″ to 21′9″ in advance of the 2019–20 season, and similar analysis for the NBA in the 1990s. We find that a three-point line extension significantly lowers three- and two-point shot proficiency, while decreasing (increasing) three-point (two-point) shot volume.
本文考虑了NCAA和NBA级别的三分线距离的近期和历史变化,作为具有高度可测量结果的政策变化的一个例子。本文给出了一个分数最大化篮球队的两分球和三分球最优配置的几个实证检验。这主要是在NCAA男子篮球三分线在2019-20赛季之前从2020 ' 9″延长到21 ' 9″的背景下进行的,以及20世纪90年代NBA的类似分析。我们发现,三分线的延长显著降低了三分球和两分球的熟练度,同时减少(增加)三分球(两分球)的投篮量。
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引用次数: 0
Scoring Benefits to Eastward Travel in the NBA NBA东进的得分优势
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221100202
James Hasbany, Ryland Burke, Lawrence Watson, J. Doremus
Travel across time zones may affect player scoring through circadian rhythm. We test how travel affects scoring for the US National Basketball Association from 2014–2018, a period featuring a new game scheduler. We also test whether a collective bargaining agreement that protected player rest changed how travel affects scoring. We find eastward travel increases scoring and point spread via three-pointers and field goals, with implications for point spread betting in sports gambling markets. The 2017 collective bargaining agreement mitigates the eastward travel benefit on scoring and increases scoring overall, suggesting improved fairness and potential benefits for players and fans.
跨时区旅行可能会通过昼夜节律影响球员得分。我们测试了旅行如何影响美国国家篮球协会2014-2018年的得分,这一时期有了新的比赛时间表。我们还测试了保护球员休息的集体谈判协议是否改变了旅行对得分的影响。我们发现,向东旅行通过三分球和投篮得分增加了得分和分差,这对体育博彩市场的分差博彩有影响。2017年的集体谈判协议减轻了东进对得分的好处,总体上提高了得分,这表明公平性得到了提高,球员和球迷也获得了潜在的利益。
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引用次数: 0
The Incentive Effects of Tournaments and Peer Effects in Team Production: Evidence from Esports 竞赛的激励效应和团队产生中的同伴效应:来自电子竞技的证据
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221113033
Eric Mao
This paper examines the incentive effects of increased prize differentials and productivity spillovers from substitute coworkers within the context of esports. A direct behavioral measure called “actions per minute (APM)” is utilized to gauge Dota 2 players’ on-field exertion of effort dedicated to winning the game. The results based on empirical analysis support the incentive effects of the convex prize structure of esports tournaments on eliciting effort. Further investigation indicates that the incentive effects of high-stakes esports tournaments are more a result of the size of total prize than the relative prize distribution. It is also found that players who serve subordinate roles are more likely to engage in shirking behavior in the presence of teammates with similar roles.
本文研究了电子竞技背景下奖金差距增加的激励效应和替代同事的生产力溢出效应。“每分钟行动数(APM)”是用来衡量《Dota 2》玩家在比赛中为赢得比赛所付出的努力的直接行为指标。基于实证分析的结果支持电子竞技赛事凸奖结构对激励努力的激励效应。进一步的研究表明,高赌注电竞比赛的激励效应更多地是由总奖金规模而不是相对奖金分布决定的。研究还发现,在角色相似的队友面前,担任从属角色的球员更容易出现逃避行为。
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引用次数: 1
Professional Sports Events and Public Spending: Evidence from Municipal Police Budgets 职业体育赛事和公共支出:来自市政警察预算的证据
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221107145
Hyunwoong Pyun, B. Humphreys, Umair Khalil
Prior evidence reveals a causal relationship between sporting events and crime. If sporting events increase crime, they also increase public spending on policing. We analyze the crime-police spending relationship using data from the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll over the periods 1979–1995 and 1997–2010 for a sample of 52 US municipalities with and without teams. Reduced form regression models reveal that police employment increases with the arrival and departure of an NFL team as well as with the number of postseason games played. We argue that both these outcomes generate plausibly exogenous variation in sports-related demand for policing.
先前的证据揭示了体育赛事和犯罪之间的因果关系。如果体育赛事增加了犯罪,它们也增加了公共治安支出。我们使用1979-1995年和1997-2010年期间公共就业和工资年度调查的数据,对美国52个有和没有团队的城市的样本进行了犯罪-警察支出关系的分析。简化形式回归模型显示,警察的就业人数随着NFL球队的到来和离开以及季后赛比赛的数量而增加。我们认为,这两种结果在体育相关的警务需求中产生了似是而非的外生变化。
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引用次数: 1
Anniversary Issue: Editor's Introduction 周年纪念:编者简介
IF 1.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/15270025221106673
Dennis Coates
In April of 2000, the inaugural issue of the Journal of Sports Economics was published, with an official date of February, 2000. This anniversary issue ostensibly marks 20 years of the Journal, but by the time of publication 22 years will have elapsed since that first issue. The tardiness of this anniversary issue is because, to borrow from Leo Kahane’s description of publication of that first issue, in the first essay, “the editorial staff was a bit behind piecing the issue together.” In this case, however, the editorial staff is me. Indeed, the idea of this issue did not occur to me until after I had received through the normal submission process two of the articles in this issue, those by Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez, Julio del Corral and Placido Rodriguez, and Dominik Schreyer and Payam Ansari. Consequently, I thank those authors both for their contributions to this issue and for the nudge I needed to begin organizing this anniversary issue. Once Carlos, Julio, Placido, Dominik and Payam all agreed to letting me delay evaluation and publication of their papers while I sought additional contributions to the special issue, I began in earnest to organize the issue. The first step was to solicit a contribution from Leo who founded and then edited the Journal for 16 years. Leo quickly agreed and his comments follow as the first essay in the issue. Leo also suggested some individuals to invite for submissions. I wanted a mix of Americans and Europeans to contribute to the issue, so I reached out to Wladimir Andreff and Rob Simmons to represent Europe, and Roger Noll and Rod Fort for the United States. Finally, Brad Humphreys proposed a project he had with his student Clay Collins which he thought would fit nicely into the anniversary issue, and I agreed. Kahane’s reflections on the founding of the Journal and its development over his 16 years as the editor highlight several facts about the success of the Journal as of the end of his editorship. Among these are the impact factor, the ranking, number of subscribers, submissions, and downloads. The tremendous growth he documents has
2000年4月,《体育经济学杂志》创刊,正式日期为2000年2月。从表面上看,这期周年刊标志着《华尔街日报》成立20周年,但到出版时,距离第一期已经过去了22年。这期周年纪念特刊迟迟不出,借用利奥·卡哈内在第一篇文章中对第一期杂志的描述,是因为“编辑人员在拼凑这期杂志方面有点落后。”然而,在这种情况下,编辑人员是我。事实上,直到我通过正常的投稿程序收到本期的两篇文章之后,我才产生了这个想法,这两篇文章分别是Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez、Julio del Corral和Placido Rodriguez,以及Dominik Schreyer和Payam Ansari。因此,我感谢这些作者对本期杂志的贡献,也感谢他们推动我开始组织这期周年纪念杂志。当卡洛斯、胡里奥、普西多、多米尼克和帕亚姆都同意让我推迟对他们论文的评估和发表,而我则为这期特刊寻找更多的投稿时,我开始认真地组织这期特刊。第一步是向Leo征求稿件,Leo创立并编辑了《华尔街日报》16年。里奥很快同意了,他的评论作为这期的第一篇文章紧随其后。李奥还建议邀请一些人提交意见。我希望美国人和欧洲人都能为这个问题做出贡献,所以我联系了代表欧洲的弗拉基米尔·安德烈夫和罗布·西蒙斯,以及代表美国的罗杰·诺尔和罗德·福特。最后,布拉德·汉弗莱斯(Brad Humphreys)提出了他和学生克莱·柯林斯(Clay Collins)的一个项目,他认为这个项目很适合刊登在周年纪念特刊上,我同意了。Kahane对《华尔街日报》的创立及其在他担任主编的16年里的发展进行了反思,他强调了《华尔街日报》在他担任主编结束时取得成功的几个事实。其中包括影响因素、排名、订阅者数量、提交和下载。他所记录的巨大增长
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Sports Economics
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