Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1177/15270025221113033
Eric Mao
This paper examines the incentive effects of increased prize differentials and productivity spillovers from substitute coworkers within the context of esports. A direct behavioral measure called “actions per minute (APM)” is utilized to gauge Dota 2 players’ on-field exertion of effort dedicated to winning the game. The results based on empirical analysis support the incentive effects of the convex prize structure of esports tournaments on eliciting effort. Further investigation indicates that the incentive effects of high-stakes esports tournaments are more a result of the size of total prize than the relative prize distribution. It is also found that players who serve subordinate roles are more likely to engage in shirking behavior in the presence of teammates with similar roles.
{"title":"The Incentive Effects of Tournaments and Peer Effects in Team Production: Evidence from Esports","authors":"Eric Mao","doi":"10.1177/15270025221113033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221113033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the incentive effects of increased prize differentials and productivity spillovers from substitute coworkers within the context of esports. A direct behavioral measure called “actions per minute (APM)” is utilized to gauge Dota 2 players’ on-field exertion of effort dedicated to winning the game. The results based on empirical analysis support the incentive effects of the convex prize structure of esports tournaments on eliciting effort. Further investigation indicates that the incentive effects of high-stakes esports tournaments are more a result of the size of total prize than the relative prize distribution. It is also found that players who serve subordinate roles are more likely to engage in shirking behavior in the presence of teammates with similar roles.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41460307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1177/15270025221107145
Hyunwoong Pyun, B. Humphreys, Umair Khalil
Prior evidence reveals a causal relationship between sporting events and crime. If sporting events increase crime, they also increase public spending on policing. We analyze the crime-police spending relationship using data from the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll over the periods 1979–1995 and 1997–2010 for a sample of 52 US municipalities with and without teams. Reduced form regression models reveal that police employment increases with the arrival and departure of an NFL team as well as with the number of postseason games played. We argue that both these outcomes generate plausibly exogenous variation in sports-related demand for policing.
{"title":"Professional Sports Events and Public Spending: Evidence from Municipal Police Budgets","authors":"Hyunwoong Pyun, B. Humphreys, Umair Khalil","doi":"10.1177/15270025221107145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221107145","url":null,"abstract":"Prior evidence reveals a causal relationship between sporting events and crime. If sporting events increase crime, they also increase public spending on policing. We analyze the crime-police spending relationship using data from the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll over the periods 1979–1995 and 1997–2010 for a sample of 52 US municipalities with and without teams. Reduced form regression models reveal that police employment increases with the arrival and departure of an NFL team as well as with the number of postseason games played. We argue that both these outcomes generate plausibly exogenous variation in sports-related demand for policing.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44339240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1177/15270025221106673
Dennis Coates
In April of 2000, the inaugural issue of the Journal of Sports Economics was published, with an official date of February, 2000. This anniversary issue ostensibly marks 20 years of the Journal, but by the time of publication 22 years will have elapsed since that first issue. The tardiness of this anniversary issue is because, to borrow from Leo Kahane’s description of publication of that first issue, in the first essay, “the editorial staff was a bit behind piecing the issue together.” In this case, however, the editorial staff is me. Indeed, the idea of this issue did not occur to me until after I had received through the normal submission process two of the articles in this issue, those by Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez, Julio del Corral and Placido Rodriguez, and Dominik Schreyer and Payam Ansari. Consequently, I thank those authors both for their contributions to this issue and for the nudge I needed to begin organizing this anniversary issue. Once Carlos, Julio, Placido, Dominik and Payam all agreed to letting me delay evaluation and publication of their papers while I sought additional contributions to the special issue, I began in earnest to organize the issue. The first step was to solicit a contribution from Leo who founded and then edited the Journal for 16 years. Leo quickly agreed and his comments follow as the first essay in the issue. Leo also suggested some individuals to invite for submissions. I wanted a mix of Americans and Europeans to contribute to the issue, so I reached out to Wladimir Andreff and Rob Simmons to represent Europe, and Roger Noll and Rod Fort for the United States. Finally, Brad Humphreys proposed a project he had with his student Clay Collins which he thought would fit nicely into the anniversary issue, and I agreed. Kahane’s reflections on the founding of the Journal and its development over his 16 years as the editor highlight several facts about the success of the Journal as of the end of his editorship. Among these are the impact factor, the ranking, number of subscribers, submissions, and downloads. The tremendous growth he documents has
2000年4月，《体育经济学杂志》创刊，正式日期为2000年2月。从表面上看，这期周年刊标志着《华尔街日报》成立20周年，但到出版时，距离第一期已经过去了22年。这期周年纪念特刊迟迟不出，借用利奥·卡哈内在第一篇文章中对第一期杂志的描述，是因为“编辑人员在拼凑这期杂志方面有点落后。”然而，在这种情况下，编辑人员是我。事实上，直到我通过正常的投稿程序收到本期的两篇文章之后，我才产生了这个想法，这两篇文章分别是Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez、Julio del Corral和Placido Rodriguez，以及Dominik Schreyer和Payam Ansari。因此，我感谢这些作者对本期杂志的贡献，也感谢他们推动我开始组织这期周年纪念杂志。当卡洛斯、胡里奥、普西多、多米尼克和帕亚姆都同意让我推迟对他们论文的评估和发表，而我则为这期特刊寻找更多的投稿时，我开始认真地组织这期特刊。第一步是向Leo征求稿件，Leo创立并编辑了《华尔街日报》16年。里奥很快同意了，他的评论作为这期的第一篇文章紧随其后。李奥还建议邀请一些人提交意见。我希望美国人和欧洲人都能为这个问题做出贡献，所以我联系了代表欧洲的弗拉基米尔·安德烈夫和罗布·西蒙斯，以及代表美国的罗杰·诺尔和罗德·福特。最后，布拉德·汉弗莱斯(Brad Humphreys)提出了他和学生克莱·柯林斯(Clay Collins)的一个项目，他认为这个项目很适合刊登在周年纪念特刊上，我同意了。Kahane对《华尔街日报》的创立及其在他担任主编的16年里的发展进行了反思，他强调了《华尔街日报》在他担任主编结束时取得成功的几个事实。其中包括影响因素、排名、订阅者数量、提交和下载。他所记录的巨大增长
{"title":"Anniversary Issue: Editor's Introduction","authors":"Dennis Coates","doi":"10.1177/15270025221106673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221106673","url":null,"abstract":"In April of 2000, the inaugural issue of the Journal of Sports Economics was published, with an official date of February, 2000. This anniversary issue ostensibly marks 20 years of the Journal, but by the time of publication 22 years will have elapsed since that first issue. The tardiness of this anniversary issue is because, to borrow from Leo Kahane’s description of publication of that first issue, in the first essay, “the editorial staff was a bit behind piecing the issue together.” In this case, however, the editorial staff is me. Indeed, the idea of this issue did not occur to me until after I had received through the normal submission process two of the articles in this issue, those by Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez, Julio del Corral and Placido Rodriguez, and Dominik Schreyer and Payam Ansari. Consequently, I thank those authors both for their contributions to this issue and for the nudge I needed to begin organizing this anniversary issue. Once Carlos, Julio, Placido, Dominik and Payam all agreed to letting me delay evaluation and publication of their papers while I sought additional contributions to the special issue, I began in earnest to organize the issue. The first step was to solicit a contribution from Leo who founded and then edited the Journal for 16 years. Leo quickly agreed and his comments follow as the first essay in the issue. Leo also suggested some individuals to invite for submissions. I wanted a mix of Americans and Europeans to contribute to the issue, so I reached out to Wladimir Andreff and Rob Simmons to represent Europe, and Roger Noll and Rod Fort for the United States. Finally, Brad Humphreys proposed a project he had with his student Clay Collins which he thought would fit nicely into the anniversary issue, and I agreed. Kahane’s reflections on the founding of the Journal and its development over his 16 years as the editor highlight several facts about the success of the Journal as of the end of his editorship. Among these are the impact factor, the ranking, number of subscribers, submissions, and downloads. The tremendous growth he documents has","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1177/15270025221100203
Zafer Akin, Murat Issabayev, Islam Rizvanoghlu
In professional boxing, a higher-ranked boxer chooses his opponent among challengers varying in popularity and strength. We build a three-stage model of a professional boxing fight between the chooser and a challenger to examine the strategic incentives of a chooser in sharing the purse and exerting a proper level of effort. More importantly, we endogenize the choice of the opponent and the purse to be generated. We found that an older chooser who is ready to cash in his reputation tends to choose a stronger opponent with little effort, while a young rising “star” prefers a match against weaker opponents.
{"title":"Incentives and Strategic Behavior of Professional Boxers","authors":"Zafer Akin, Murat Issabayev, Islam Rizvanoghlu","doi":"10.1177/15270025221100203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221100203","url":null,"abstract":"In professional boxing, a higher-ranked boxer chooses his opponent among challengers varying in popularity and strength. We build a three-stage model of a professional boxing fight between the chooser and a challenger to examine the strategic incentives of a chooser in sharing the purse and exerting a proper level of effort. More importantly, we endogenize the choice of the opponent and the purse to be generated. We found that an older chooser who is ready to cash in his reputation tends to choose a stronger opponent with little effort, while a young rising “star” prefers a match against weaker opponents.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1177/15270025221091544
Clay Collins, B. Humphreys
Outcome uncertainty represents a central, defining area of sports economic research. Contest outcome uncertainty (COU), the idea that fan expectations about game outcomes affects attendance decisions, receives substantial attention in the literature, including many papers published in this journal. The standard model of fan decisions under uncertainty generates two diametrically opposed predictions about the COU-attendance relationship, depending on fan preferences, generating tension in the empirical literature. We undertake a meta-analysis of the empirical COU literature to assess empirical support for these predictions. We identify more than 500 empirical model specifications reported in 97 COU papers. The results slightly favor the loss aversion version of the model, but the literature contains no consensus. Sport analyzed and choice of COU proxy variable have no relationship to reported results. Simple OLS and panel data methods generate much of the evidence, highlighting the importance of using causal inference methods in future research.
{"title":"Contest Outcome Uncertainty and Fan Decisions: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Clay Collins, B. Humphreys","doi":"10.1177/15270025221091544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221091544","url":null,"abstract":"Outcome uncertainty represents a central, defining area of sports economic research. Contest outcome uncertainty (COU), the idea that fan expectations about game outcomes affects attendance decisions, receives substantial attention in the literature, including many papers published in this journal. The standard model of fan decisions under uncertainty generates two diametrically opposed predictions about the COU-attendance relationship, depending on fan preferences, generating tension in the empirical literature. We undertake a meta-analysis of the empirical COU literature to assess empirical support for these predictions. We identify more than 500 empirical model specifications reported in 97 COU papers. The results slightly favor the loss aversion version of the model, but the literature contains no consensus. Sport analyzed and choice of COU proxy variable have no relationship to reported results. Simple OLS and panel data methods generate much of the evidence, highlighting the importance of using causal inference methods in future research.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43305428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1177/15270025221091548
R. Fort
Sports economics is now 65 years old, since Rottenberg's “The Baseball Players’ Labor Market”. This milestone coincides with the 20th anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics. Rottenberg's two main offerings, the match outcome uncertainty hypothesis and the invariance principle, are reviewed, including empirical verdicts from other recent literature reviews. In addition, perhaps less well-known issues in the literature suggest further investigation of these crucial hypotheses, and others that arise. Finally, the place of the Journal of Sports Economics in the evolution of sports economics is offered.
{"title":"Rottenberg at Sixty-Five: In Honor of the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics","authors":"R. Fort","doi":"10.1177/15270025221091548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221091548","url":null,"abstract":"Sports economics is now 65 years old, since Rottenberg's “The Baseball Players’ Labor Market”. This milestone coincides with the 20th anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics. Rottenberg's two main offerings, the match outcome uncertainty hypothesis and the invariance principle, are reviewed, including empirical verdicts from other recent literature reviews. In addition, perhaps less well-known issues in the literature suggest further investigation of these crucial hypotheses, and others that arise. Finally, the place of the Journal of Sports Economics in the evolution of sports economics is offered.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48632439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1177/15270025221085712
Ryan Pinheiro, Stefan Szymanski
Moneyball ( Lewis, 2003) claimed that data analytics enabled savvy operators to exploit inefficiencies in the market for baseball players. The economic analysis of Hakes and Sauer (2006) appeared to show that the publication of Moneyball represented a watershed, after which inefficiencies had been competed away. In both cases analysis focused on composite statistics such as on base percentage (OBP) and slugging percentage (SLG). This paper relies on a more structural approach, associated with the statistical analysis of Lindsey (1963) which identifies the run value of each individual event in a game. Using a dataset of every event in every game from 1996 to 2015, we show that run value of each event can be accurately calculated, as can the run value contribution of each player. We show that the compensation of free agents reliably reflects the run value contribution of each player, regardless of the source of those contributions (walks, singles, and home runs). We find this was true both before and after the publication of Moneyball, suggesting that the labor market for batters in Major League Baseball operated efficiently across our entire sample period.
{"title":"All Runs Are Created Equal: Labor Market Efficiency in Major League Baseball","authors":"Ryan Pinheiro, Stefan Szymanski","doi":"10.1177/15270025221085712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221085712","url":null,"abstract":"Moneyball ( Lewis, 2003) claimed that data analytics enabled savvy operators to exploit inefficiencies in the market for baseball players. The economic analysis of Hakes and Sauer (2006) appeared to show that the publication of Moneyball represented a watershed, after which inefficiencies had been competed away. In both cases analysis focused on composite statistics such as on base percentage (OBP) and slugging percentage (SLG). This paper relies on a more structural approach, associated with the statistical analysis of Lindsey (1963) which identifies the run value of each individual event in a game. Using a dataset of every event in every game from 1996 to 2015, we show that run value of each event can be accurately calculated, as can the run value contribution of each player. We show that the compensation of free agents reliably reflects the run value contribution of each player, regardless of the source of those contributions (walks, singles, and home runs). We find this was true both before and after the publication of Moneyball, suggesting that the labor market for batters in Major League Baseball operated efficiently across our entire sample period.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42347388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1177/15270025221085715
C. Depken, J. Gandar, Dmitry A. Shapiro
We provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of strategic momentum and psychological momentum in best-of-three contests between players with unequal skills. As a theoretical benchmark, we develop a fully rational model of best-of-three contests and define psychological momentum as systematic deviation from the theoretical equilibrium. An empirical analysis of 66,262 professional tennis matches from 2002 to 2020 shows that our theoretical model closely matches first set outcomes, which is when set-level psychological momentum is absent. Overall, the empirical results show that both strategic momentum and psychological momentum contribute to the outcomes of best-of-three tennis contests.
{"title":"Set-level Strategic and Psychological Momentum in Best-of-three-set Professional Tennis Matches","authors":"C. Depken, J. Gandar, Dmitry A. Shapiro","doi":"10.1177/15270025221085715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221085715","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of strategic momentum and psychological momentum in best-of-three contests between players with unequal skills. As a theoretical benchmark, we develop a fully rational model of best-of-three contests and define psychological momentum as systematic deviation from the theoretical equilibrium. An empirical analysis of 66,262 professional tennis matches from 2002 to 2020 shows that our theoretical model closely matches first set outcomes, which is when set-level psychological momentum is absent. Overall, the empirical results show that both strategic momentum and psychological momentum contribute to the outcomes of best-of-three tennis contests.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.1177/15270025221078504
R. Noll
The Supreme Court's decision in NCAA v. Alston already has had profound effects on the governance of college sports. Despite the narrow scope of the relief ordered in Alston, the opinion invites more challenges to NCAA rules that restrict compensation of athletes. Within months after Alston was decided, many athletes already are substantially better off financially, and the NCAA has delegated regulation of compensation of athletes to its conferences and divisions. Moreover, the case represents an intellectual victory for sports economics in that decades of research in the field formed the foundation for the Court's opinion.
{"title":"Sports Economics on Trial: Alston v. NCAA","authors":"R. Noll","doi":"10.1177/15270025221078504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221078504","url":null,"abstract":"The Supreme Court's decision in NCAA v. Alston already has had profound effects on the governance of college sports. Despite the narrow scope of the relief ordered in Alston, the opinion invites more challenges to NCAA rules that restrict compensation of athletes. Within months after Alston was decided, many athletes already are substantially better off financially, and the NCAA has delegated regulation of compensation of athletes to its conferences and divisions. Moreover, the case represents an intellectual victory for sports economics in that decades of research in the field formed the foundation for the Court's opinion.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43116310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1177/15270025221085714
Ilaria Masiero
I investigate the relationship between sports-based entertainment and crime using nine years of hourly data on robberies and thefts by police district in São Paulo linked to information on 430 football matches. Results report a citywide voluntary incapacitation impact and a local spatial concentration effect. Robberies significantly drop during matches, especially high-audience ones. Around the stadiums, this effect is outweighed by that of concentration. While I find no evidence of spatial displacement, temporal displacement is at play, with offenses being moved up to pre-game time. I show that the game-crime link is likely deployed through potential criminals rather than victims.
{"title":"Sports-based Entertainment and Crime Evidence from Football Games in Brazil","authors":"Ilaria Masiero","doi":"10.1177/15270025221085714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221085714","url":null,"abstract":"I investigate the relationship between sports-based entertainment and crime using nine years of hourly data on robberies and thefts by police district in São Paulo linked to information on 430 football matches. Results report a citywide voluntary incapacitation impact and a local spatial concentration effect. Robberies significantly drop during matches, especially high-audience ones. Around the stadiums, this effect is outweighed by that of concentration. While I find no evidence of spatial displacement, temporal displacement is at play, with offenses being moved up to pre-game time. I show that the game-crime link is likely deployed through potential criminals rather than victims.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46030821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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