{"title":"Stepfamilies in 1984 and Today–A Scholarly Perspective","authors":"Marilyn Ihinger-Tallman, K. Pasley","doi":"10.1300/J002V26N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V26N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":"19-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V26N01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stepfamilies from Siblings' Perspectives","authors":"A. C. Bernstein","doi":"10.1300/J002V26N01_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V26N01_10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":"153-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V26N01_10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This article describes the experiences of young, American birth mothers with regard to openness in adoption process and arrangement. Generally, larger proportions of the sample have experienced moderate, or semi-open, arrangements than those involving direct contact with the adoptive family. The associations between these experiences and a series of social psychological outcomes are examined at four years post-relinquishment. The data reveal that features of open adoption, e.g., visiting/phoning the adoptive family, have strong associations with long-term, positive outcomes for birth mothers. Perhaps equally important is the finding that several moderately open features which do not require direct or ongoing contact between birth mothers and adoptive families, e.g., birth mothers having a role in choosing the adoptive couple, are also strongly associated with positive outcomes. Policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"Openness in adoption : Experiences and social psychological outcomes among birth mothers","authors":"L. Cushman, D. Kalmuss, P. Namerow","doi":"10.1300/J002V25N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V25N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This article describes the experiences of young, American birth mothers with regard to openness in adoption process and arrangement. Generally, larger proportions of the sample have experienced moderate, or semi-open, arrangements than those involving direct contact with the adoptive family. The associations between these experiences and a series of social psychological outcomes are examined at four years post-relinquishment. The data reveal that features of open adoption, e.g., visiting/phoning the adoptive family, have strong associations with long-term, positive outcomes for birth mothers. Perhaps equally important is the finding that several moderately open features which do not require direct or ongoing contact between birth mothers and adoptive families, e.g., birth mothers having a role in choosing the adoptive couple, are also strongly associated with positive outcomes. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V25N01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This paper reports the results of a meta-analytic review of comparative studies of racial identity and self-esteem in transra-cially/transethnically-adopted, inracially-adopted/same ethnic group, and biologic African-American and Mexican-American children. Six studies, including one longitudinal study with four phases, met the established criteria. Study level effect sizes were calculated. Twenty-nine dependent measure effect sizes were also calculated. There was an overall effect, in the negative direction, of transracial adoption on a combined variable of racial/ethnic identity and self-esteem (d = −0.3775, p = .001). The effect size increased when racial identity was considered separately (d = −0.5220, p < .01). Effect size associated with self-esteem was not statistically significant, although a positive direction was noted. Tests failed to achieve homogeneity among included studies. Age of study participant was a moderating variable. Several other potential moderators were also identified. Re...
本文报告了跨社会/跨种族收养、非种族收养/同种族群体以及亲生的非裔美国人和墨西哥裔美国儿童的种族认同和自尊的meta分析比较研究的结果。六项研究，包括一项纵向研究，分为四个阶段，符合既定标准。计算研究水平效应量。还计算了29个相关测量效应量。跨种族收养对种族/民族认同和自尊的综合变量有总体负面影响(d = - 0.3775, p = .001)。当单独考虑种族认同时，效应量增加(d = - 0.5220, p < 0.01)。与自尊相关的效应大小在统计上不显著，尽管注意到一个积极的方向。试验未能在纳入的研究中实现同质性。研究参与者的年龄是一个调节变量。还确定了其他几个潜在的版主。Re……
{"title":"Effect of transracial/transethnic adoption on children's racial and ethnic identity and self-esteem : A meta-analytic review","authors":"L. Hollingsworth","doi":"10.1300/J002V25N01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V25N01_07","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper reports the results of a meta-analytic review of comparative studies of racial identity and self-esteem in transra-cially/transethnically-adopted, inracially-adopted/same ethnic group, and biologic African-American and Mexican-American children. Six studies, including one longitudinal study with four phases, met the established criteria. Study level effect sizes were calculated. Twenty-nine dependent measure effect sizes were also calculated. There was an overall effect, in the negative direction, of transracial adoption on a combined variable of racial/ethnic identity and self-esteem (d = −0.3775, p = .001). The effect size increased when racial identity was considered separately (d = −0.5220, p < .01). Effect size associated with self-esteem was not statistically significant, although a positive direction was noted. Tests failed to achieve homogeneity among included studies. Age of study participant was a moderating variable. Several other potential moderators were also identified. Re...","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"99-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V25N01_07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L'A. etudie les relations entre les enfants adoptes et leurs parents biologiques. Il souligne que la rencontre entre enfant adopte et parents biologiques constitue en quelque sorte une reunion. Il analyse cette notion de reunion et montre de quelle maniere la relation etablie entre enfant adopte et parent biologique tend a prendre un caractere routinier. Il s'interroge quant a la signification de ce type de relation sur le plan de la parente
{"title":"“Where Do We Go Next?”: Long-Term Reunion Relationships Between Adoptees and Birth Parents","authors":"J. Modell","doi":"10.1300/J002V25N01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V25N01_04","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. etudie les relations entre les enfants adoptes et leurs parents biologiques. Il souligne que la rencontre entre enfant adopte et parents biologiques constitue en quelque sorte une reunion. Il analyse cette notion de reunion et montre de quelle maniere la relation etablie entre enfant adopte et parent biologique tend a prendre un caractere routinier. Il s'interroge quant a la signification de ce type de relation sur le plan de la parente","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"43-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V25N01_04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This paper is a preliminary investigation into the experiences of adoptive mothers of Romanian children. As a case study of international adoption, this research focuses on the following questions: What were the important choices over which families wanted control? What risks were they willing to take to complete an adoption? How did the specific circumstances in Romania and the respondents' own efforts influence their ability to maximize choices and minimize risks? This paper is primarily descriptive, linking economic, demographic, and political factors to the very private experience of people creating families through international adoption. The respondents adopted children from Romania in 1990 and 1991. Eight married mothers were interviewed in depth. They were selected through their participation in a “mother's group,” an informal association established initially by the adoption agency through which most adopted their children. In the “group” they socialize and discuss issues relevant to adop...
{"title":"Adopting Romanian children : Making choices, taking risks","authors":"Roberta J. Goldberg","doi":"10.1300/J002V25N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V25N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper is a preliminary investigation into the experiences of adoptive mothers of Romanian children. As a case study of international adoption, this research focuses on the following questions: What were the important choices over which families wanted control? What risks were they willing to take to complete an adoption? How did the specific circumstances in Romania and the respondents' own efforts influence their ability to maximize choices and minimize risks? This paper is primarily descriptive, linking economic, demographic, and political factors to the very private experience of people creating families through international adoption. The respondents adopted children from Romania in 1990 and 1991. Eight married mothers were interviewed in depth. They were selected through their participation in a “mother's group,” an informal association established initially by the adoption agency through which most adopted their children. In the “group” they socialize and discuss issues relevant to adop...","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"79-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V25N01_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. Hoopes, L. Alexander, Paula F. Silver, G. Ober, Nancy Kirby
SUMMARY This research presents an in-depth study of ten-year adoption outcomes for 24 developmentally vulnerable African-American infants and toddlers and their parents. Overall the families reported feeling well bonded and satisfied with their children's progress, their family life, and the adoption experience. For the most part, the children were also doing reasonably well and had quite positive self esteem. This was despite the fact that some children had learning disabilities, some of the early adolescent males displayed oppositional social behavior, and some parents reported apparent contradictory perceptions of family cohesion and coping.
{"title":"Formal Adoption of the Developmentally Vulnerable African-American Child","authors":"J. L. Hoopes, L. Alexander, Paula F. Silver, G. Ober, Nancy Kirby","doi":"10.1300/J002V25N03_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V25N03_01","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This research presents an in-depth study of ten-year adoption outcomes for 24 developmentally vulnerable African-American infants and toddlers and their parents. Overall the families reported feeling well bonded and satisfied with their children's progress, their family life, and the adoption experience. For the most part, the children were also doing reasonably well and had quite positive self esteem. This was despite the fact that some children had learning disabilities, some of the early adolescent males displayed oppositional social behavior, and some parents reported apparent contradictory perceptions of family cohesion and coping.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V25N03_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This paper is a critique of a research program carried out by the Search Institute of Minnesota. The report, “Growing Up Adopted,” was printed and distributed by the organization itself, and accompanied by grandiose media claims. “The Largest Study Ever of Adoptive Families in the United States,” it promised to open new vistas on an old subject. Elegantly turned out, the 1994 report shows sets of data built on questionable research methods resulting in inapplicable if comforting conclusions. At the heart of the report is a section specifically directed to ideas and concepts derived from Kirk's work. It highlights the questionable methodology and misleading conclusions of the report as a whole. Whereas Part I of this critique deals with weaknesses in the Search Institute's current research, Part II looks back to data produced by an earlier research program carried out under the same auspices. A decade ago similar problems as those posed in the current study had been explored there. Not only were si...
这篇论文是对明尼苏达搜索研究所开展的一个研究项目的评论。这份名为《被收养的成长》(Growing Up adoption)的报告是由该组织自己印刷和分发的，并伴随着一些浮夸的媒体声明。“美国有史以来规模最大的收养家庭研究”，它承诺为一个古老的主题开辟新的前景。1994年的报告优雅地显示，建立在有问题的研究方法上的数据集导致了不适用的结论，尽管令人欣慰。报告的核心部分是专门针对柯克工作中产生的想法和概念的部分。它突出了整个报告的可疑方法和误导性结论。这篇评论的第一部分处理了搜索研究所当前研究的弱点，而第二部分则回顾了在同一赞助下进行的早期研究项目所产生的数据。十年前，与当前研究中提出的问题类似的问题也在那里得到了探讨。不仅是我……
{"title":"Search and Rescue","authors":"H. Kirk","doi":"10.1300/J002v25n03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v25n03_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper is a critique of a research program carried out by the Search Institute of Minnesota. The report, “Growing Up Adopted,” was printed and distributed by the organization itself, and accompanied by grandiose media claims. “The Largest Study Ever of Adoptive Families in the United States,” it promised to open new vistas on an old subject. Elegantly turned out, the 1994 report shows sets of data built on questionable research methods resulting in inapplicable if comforting conclusions. At the heart of the report is a section specifically directed to ideas and concepts derived from Kirk's work. It highlights the questionable methodology and misleading conclusions of the report as a whole. Whereas Part I of this critique deals with weaknesses in the Search Institute's current research, Part II looks back to data produced by an earlier research program carried out under the same auspices. A decade ago similar problems as those posed in the current study had been explored there. Not only were si...","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"225-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002v25n03_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY The meaning of the words “bonding” and “attachment” as terms related to human connections are examined from an historical perspective and as important tools in the field of adoption. For over three decades there has been confusion between the two words and about the processes which they represented. Because adoption, by definition, changes the usual patterns of family connections, it is especially important that there be common agreement about terminology. Clinical observations have led to the discrete definitions proposed here. The words are defined, for utilitarian purposes, in a way that underscores the qualitative differences. The result is a tool that can improve placement decisions, help resolve controversial custody cases, reduce tensions among the families to which an adopted child has connections, and provide concrete assistance to children in their efforts to learn how to make significant attachments.
{"title":"Bonding and Attachment in Adoption","authors":"K. Watson","doi":"10.1300/J002V25N03_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V25N03_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The meaning of the words “bonding” and “attachment” as terms related to human connections are examined from an historical perspective and as important tools in the field of adoption. For over three decades there has been confusion between the two words and about the processes which they represented. Because adoption, by definition, changes the usual patterns of family connections, it is especially important that there be common agreement about terminology. Clinical observations have led to the discrete definitions proposed here. The words are defined, for utilitarian purposes, in a way that underscores the qualitative differences. The result is a tool that can improve placement decisions, help resolve controversial custody cases, reduce tensions among the families to which an adopted child has connections, and provide concrete assistance to children in their efforts to learn how to make significant attachments.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":"159-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V25N03_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contrasts the journal writings of Dorothy Thompson, a woman on welfare, with the official agency case records and an oral tradition handed down by successive caseworkers. The record and oral tradition portray Dorothy as an undeserving, offensive, neglectful mother while Dorothy's journal reveals a strong-willed and valiant woman struggling with circumstances she cannot understand. The clash between the official ideologies contained in the case record and Dorothy's lived experience is startling and very much to the detriment of Dorothy and her family. The power is in the social welfare system and not with Dorothy, and her life becomes a documented tragedy, though her humanity endures and makes her story bearable and sometimes uplifting
{"title":"Document analysis : The contrast between official case records and the journal of a woman on welfare","authors":"T. Holbrook","doi":"10.1300/J002V24N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V24N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"This article contrasts the journal writings of Dorothy Thompson, a woman on welfare, with the official agency case records and an oral tradition handed down by successive caseworkers. The record and oral tradition portray Dorothy as an undeserving, offensive, neglectful mother while Dorothy's journal reveals a strong-willed and valiant woman struggling with circumstances she cannot understand. The clash between the official ideologies contained in the case record and Dorothy's lived experience is startling and very much to the detriment of Dorothy and her family. The power is in the social welfare system and not with Dorothy, and her life becomes a documented tragedy, though her humanity endures and makes her story bearable and sometimes uplifting","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"24 1","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1997-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V24N01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66461206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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