Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2136231
Elinor Taylor
ABSTRACT In this paper, I explore how autistic behaviors are rendered Othered transgressive acts in general research and in the figured world of occupation. I assess how the normalization agenda, which aims to condition autistic people into appearing abled, is associated with endemic disparities. I contend that occupational science has often countered anti-autistic stigma. However, I analyze how the field has perpetuated ableism by replicating normalization ideology and through its silence on the occupational significance of autistic behaviors. To contrast dominant assumptions, I examine autistic ways of being within occupational frameworks. I propose that the field can foster inclusion, rethink its figured worlds, and recognize autistic behaviors to promote social responsiveness. I argue these steps are ethically imperative as evidence on the harms of normalization accumulates.
{"title":"Beyond ‘bad’ behaviors: A call for occupational scientists to rethink autism","authors":"Elinor Taylor","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2136231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2136231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, I explore how autistic behaviors are rendered Othered transgressive acts in general research and in the figured world of occupation. I assess how the normalization agenda, which aims to condition autistic people into appearing abled, is associated with endemic disparities. I contend that occupational science has often countered anti-autistic stigma. However, I analyze how the field has perpetuated ableism by replicating normalization ideology and through its silence on the occupational significance of autistic behaviors. To contrast dominant assumptions, I examine autistic ways of being within occupational frameworks. I propose that the field can foster inclusion, rethink its figured worlds, and recognize autistic behaviors to promote social responsiveness. I argue these steps are ethically imperative as evidence on the harms of normalization accumulates.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2132998
Robert David van der Veen, Staffan Johansson, T. Satink
ABSTRACT Sleep is a frequently mentioned topic in current occupational science and occupational therapy literature, indicating an increasing interest in this occupation. However, we found a lack of understanding of the sleep experience in the literature. In our study, we sought to explore the experience of sleep among a sample of adults living in the Netherlands. We used a qualitative research design following descriptive phenomenology methodology. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 13 adults (two males, 10 females, one nonbinary), transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to descriptive phenomenology. Findings indicate that sleep can be understood as a personal experience on physical, mental, and emotional levels under unique temporal, spatial, and sociocultural conditions. Participants described sleep as a tripartite process: (a) approaching sleep to finish the day, (b) being asleep and dreaming, and (c) leaving sleep behind for a new day. A core element of sleep is making a transition between 2 days, during which recovery and processing occur. Fundamental to engaging in sleep are the feelings of safety and security shaped by habits, routines, and adjustments to the social and physical context. Participants expressed a personal need for and personal meaning in this occupation, describing sleep as an intertwined experience affected by and affecting other occupations.
{"title":"The experience of sleep: A descriptive phenomenological study of Dutch adults","authors":"Robert David van der Veen, Staffan Johansson, T. Satink","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2132998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2132998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sleep is a frequently mentioned topic in current occupational science and occupational therapy literature, indicating an increasing interest in this occupation. However, we found a lack of understanding of the sleep experience in the literature. In our study, we sought to explore the experience of sleep among a sample of adults living in the Netherlands. We used a qualitative research design following descriptive phenomenology methodology. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 13 adults (two males, 10 females, one nonbinary), transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to descriptive phenomenology. Findings indicate that sleep can be understood as a personal experience on physical, mental, and emotional levels under unique temporal, spatial, and sociocultural conditions. Participants described sleep as a tripartite process: (a) approaching sleep to finish the day, (b) being asleep and dreaming, and (c) leaving sleep behind for a new day. A core element of sleep is making a transition between 2 days, during which recovery and processing occur. Fundamental to engaging in sleep are the feelings of safety and security shaped by habits, routines, and adjustments to the social and physical context. Participants expressed a personal need for and personal meaning in this occupation, describing sleep as an intertwined experience affected by and affecting other occupations.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2132997
Fatima Hendricks, R. Galvaan, Shaykh Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy
ABSTRACT As forms of human occupation, religious practices have tended to be separated from spirituality in occupational science discussions. This paper describes the tensions we experienced in trying to situate a religious practice in Islam, namely salah (prayer), in relation to existing understandings of human occupation. We think through these tensions, drawing upon Islamic ontology and epistemology. Using a qualitative research design, we generated data using critical reflections by the first and third authors. Using their experience, and an Islamic ontology and epistemology, the co-authors analyzed and explicated the tensions experienced and identified during the academic project describing Muslim religious practices in occupational science. We use the embodiment and enactment of salah as our prominent illustrative example. The findings represent three tensions: Ontological differences through Islamic Monotheism; A fragmented and segregated view of Islam and Deen versus religion; and Tackling the dichotomy between religious and non-religious. We discuss how Islamic epistemology provides a harmonious way of capturing the fullness of religious practices such as salah. We suggest that this demonstrates a decolonial effort at focusing on viewing religious practices as occupations.
{"title":"Tensions in describing Muslim religious practices: Insights generated from an Islamic monotheist perspective","authors":"Fatima Hendricks, R. Galvaan, Shaykh Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2132997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2132997","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As forms of human occupation, religious practices have tended to be separated from spirituality in occupational science discussions. This paper describes the tensions we experienced in trying to situate a religious practice in Islam, namely salah (prayer), in relation to existing understandings of human occupation. We think through these tensions, drawing upon Islamic ontology and epistemology. Using a qualitative research design, we generated data using critical reflections by the first and third authors. Using their experience, and an Islamic ontology and epistemology, the co-authors analyzed and explicated the tensions experienced and identified during the academic project describing Muslim religious practices in occupational science. We use the embodiment and enactment of salah as our prominent illustrative example. The findings represent three tensions: Ontological differences through Islamic Monotheism; A fragmented and segregated view of Islam and Deen versus religion; and Tackling the dichotomy between religious and non-religious. We discuss how Islamic epistemology provides a harmonious way of capturing the fullness of religious practices such as salah. We suggest that this demonstrates a decolonial effort at focusing on viewing religious practices as occupations.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2125897
C. Hand, Kris Prentice, Colleen McGrath, D. Rudman, C. Donnelly
ABSTRACT Congregate living among older adults aims to enhance important aspects of well-being, such as sense of community and social engagement. Such settings, however, involve a complexity of social and power relations, and inclusion and exclusion along lines of occupation and place can occur. In this paper we develop a concept of contested occupation in place and use this concept to explore experiences of inclusion and exclusion in a seniors-only apartment building. Data were drawn from a participatory action research (PAR) project aimed at building social connectedness among residents of this building. Throughout the project we collected data about the PAR processes and outcomes through observation and reflexive notetaking. We also conducted end-of-project semi-structured interviews with nine residents who were part of the PAR collective. Analysis focused on data pertaining to issues of occupation in place, including key collective occupations, points of tension, and links to communal spaces in the apartment building. The findings presented here centre on collective occupations in the building common room that were contested and illustrate how occupation in place can be a mechanism of exclusion. Residents attempted to assert power in a variety of ways, often related to pre-existing social tensions. These findings indicate the importance of attending to power dynamics over time and identifying potentially exclusionary practices within collective occupation in place. Further research can explore how dynamics at micro scales reflect larger societal dynamics of inclusion and exclusion, as well as explore additional settings in which older adults live and engage in collective occupations.
{"title":"Contested occupation in place: Experiences of inclusion and exclusion in seniors’ housing","authors":"C. Hand, Kris Prentice, Colleen McGrath, D. Rudman, C. Donnelly","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2125897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2125897","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Congregate living among older adults aims to enhance important aspects of well-being, such as sense of community and social engagement. Such settings, however, involve a complexity of social and power relations, and inclusion and exclusion along lines of occupation and place can occur. In this paper we develop a concept of contested occupation in place and use this concept to explore experiences of inclusion and exclusion in a seniors-only apartment building. Data were drawn from a participatory action research (PAR) project aimed at building social connectedness among residents of this building. Throughout the project we collected data about the PAR processes and outcomes through observation and reflexive notetaking. We also conducted end-of-project semi-structured interviews with nine residents who were part of the PAR collective. Analysis focused on data pertaining to issues of occupation in place, including key collective occupations, points of tension, and links to communal spaces in the apartment building. The findings presented here centre on collective occupations in the building common room that were contested and illustrate how occupation in place can be a mechanism of exclusion. Residents attempted to assert power in a variety of ways, often related to pre-existing social tensions. These findings indicate the importance of attending to power dynamics over time and identifying potentially exclusionary practices within collective occupation in place. Further research can explore how dynamics at micro scales reflect larger societal dynamics of inclusion and exclusion, as well as explore additional settings in which older adults live and engage in collective occupations.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2122542
H. Abigail Reid, J. Holmes, D. Rudman, Andrew M. Johnson
ABSTRACT Within the current demographic and political context, it is likely there will be increasing reliance on informal caregivers in the provision of care to older adults in Western nations. This critical interpretive synthesis explored how informal caregiving has been conceptualized and researched in the occupation-based literature. Five occupation-focused journals were searched for articles on informal caregiving for older adults, resulting in 17 primary research articles. Analysis of these articles revealed that there has been an increasing focus on the experiences of caregivers (as opposed to divided focus between caregivers and care recipients) and that transactional perspectives and exploration of co-occupations have expanded the scope of the literature in this field. This synthesis points to a need to turn greater attention to diversity among informal caregivers, particularly in relation to gender and gender identity and raises concerns regarding lack of critical attention to informal caregiving as embedded in social relations of power. An occupational perspective can contribute to research on informal caregiving by generating knowledge regarding how this occupation is shaped in relation to contextual and political elements and has the potential to illuminate implications for the occupations of caregivers and care recipients.
{"title":"Representing informal caregivers of older adults in occupation-focused research: A critical interpretive synthesis","authors":"H. Abigail Reid, J. Holmes, D. Rudman, Andrew M. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2122542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2122542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Within the current demographic and political context, it is likely there will be increasing reliance on informal caregivers in the provision of care to older adults in Western nations. This critical interpretive synthesis explored how informal caregiving has been conceptualized and researched in the occupation-based literature. Five occupation-focused journals were searched for articles on informal caregiving for older adults, resulting in 17 primary research articles. Analysis of these articles revealed that there has been an increasing focus on the experiences of caregivers (as opposed to divided focus between caregivers and care recipients) and that transactional perspectives and exploration of co-occupations have expanded the scope of the literature in this field. This synthesis points to a need to turn greater attention to diversity among informal caregivers, particularly in relation to gender and gender identity and raises concerns regarding lack of critical attention to informal caregiving as embedded in social relations of power. An occupational perspective can contribute to research on informal caregiving by generating knowledge regarding how this occupation is shaped in relation to contextual and political elements and has the potential to illuminate implications for the occupations of caregivers and care recipients.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42905609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-25DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2119269
Sachindri Wijekoon, Nedra Peter
ABSTRACT Diverse sociodemographic identities, including race, culture, ethnicity, and gender, are important influences on one’s occupational patterns and choices. However, occupational science theories and research were originally driven by Western White middle-class researchers and conducted on White participants. With a focus on the Western context, we sought to identify areas for improvement in the delivery and conduct of occupational science research with considerations of race, ethnicity, culture, and occupation among underrepresented racial groups. A critical content analysis was conducted of empirical research undertaken in Western countries between 2015 and 2020 and published in the Journal of Occupational Science (JOS). This analysis asked (a) What is the stated positionality of first author? (b) What are the racial or ethnic orientations of research participants? and (c) Is there explicit discussion of a racial/ethnic phenomenon? The findings reveal a lack of scholarship on race, ethnicity, and culture. Many primary authors did not explicate their positionality in relation to the research topics and study participants. The findings reify that the current production of occupational science research continues to occur within a wider field of social relations that is characterized by the agendas, interests, and values of the dominant group. Informed by critical race theory, we urge occupational science academic journals and their contributing authors to commit to epistemological antiracism. We recommend making space for racialized perspectives; acknowledging how these identities affect engagement and choice of occupations; clarifying who regulates, narrates, and participates in occupational science research; and creating inclusive scholarly ecosystems.
{"title":"Examining racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity in occupational science research: Perspectives of persons of color","authors":"Sachindri Wijekoon, Nedra Peter","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2119269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2119269","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diverse sociodemographic identities, including race, culture, ethnicity, and gender, are important influences on one’s occupational patterns and choices. However, occupational science theories and research were originally driven by Western White middle-class researchers and conducted on White participants. With a focus on the Western context, we sought to identify areas for improvement in the delivery and conduct of occupational science research with considerations of race, ethnicity, culture, and occupation among underrepresented racial groups. A critical content analysis was conducted of empirical research undertaken in Western countries between 2015 and 2020 and published in the Journal of Occupational Science (JOS). This analysis asked (a) What is the stated positionality of first author? (b) What are the racial or ethnic orientations of research participants? and (c) Is there explicit discussion of a racial/ethnic phenomenon? The findings reveal a lack of scholarship on race, ethnicity, and culture. Many primary authors did not explicate their positionality in relation to the research topics and study participants. The findings reify that the current production of occupational science research continues to occur within a wider field of social relations that is characterized by the agendas, interests, and values of the dominant group. Informed by critical race theory, we urge occupational science academic journals and their contributing authors to commit to epistemological antiracism. We recommend making space for racialized perspectives; acknowledging how these identities affect engagement and choice of occupations; clarifying who regulates, narrates, and participates in occupational science research; and creating inclusive scholarly ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45178005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2110659
M. Motimele
ABSTRACT The discipline of occupational science informs philosophy and theory in the profession of occupational therapy. It is therefore imperative that the discipline and profession develop a symbiotic relationship that is mutually responsive to the occupational engagement patterns of populations and groups within their respective contexts. Protest is a phenomenon with a long, violent history in South Africa. Protests that are characterised by violence and met with state-sanctioned violence have continued to occur across multiple sectors despite South Africa’s shift from an Apartheid to a Democratic state in 1994. It is of concern that both violence and protest are minimally explored within occupational science and occupational therapy, even though these two phenomena regularly co-occur, impacting the health and well-being of participating citizens. Occupational reconstruction is a concept developed in the Global North that offers an understanding of social activism from an occupational perspective. Decolonial theory reminds us to pay attention to geo-political relations of power and how these influence what is considered as knowledge, who is positioned as knowers, and how context is read. Guided by this framework, I situate myself as a thinker from the Global South and engage with the concept of occupational reconstructions from this position, identifying what this construct might offer research concerned with violence in protest. I consider the case of Rhodes Must Fall (RMF) at the University of Cape Town between 2015 and 2016, noting questions raised by the application of this construct to these protests, the need for context-driven research in occupational science, and implications for the role and scope of occupational therapy practice.
{"title":"Engaging with occupational reconstructions: A perspective from the Global South","authors":"M. Motimele","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2110659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2110659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The discipline of occupational science informs philosophy and theory in the profession of occupational therapy. It is therefore imperative that the discipline and profession develop a symbiotic relationship that is mutually responsive to the occupational engagement patterns of populations and groups within their respective contexts. Protest is a phenomenon with a long, violent history in South Africa. Protests that are characterised by violence and met with state-sanctioned violence have continued to occur across multiple sectors despite South Africa’s shift from an Apartheid to a Democratic state in 1994. It is of concern that both violence and protest are minimally explored within occupational science and occupational therapy, even though these two phenomena regularly co-occur, impacting the health and well-being of participating citizens. Occupational reconstruction is a concept developed in the Global North that offers an understanding of social activism from an occupational perspective. Decolonial theory reminds us to pay attention to geo-political relations of power and how these influence what is considered as knowledge, who is positioned as knowers, and how context is read. Guided by this framework, I situate myself as a thinker from the Global South and engage with the concept of occupational reconstructions from this position, identifying what this construct might offer research concerned with violence in protest. I consider the case of Rhodes Must Fall (RMF) at the University of Cape Town between 2015 and 2016, noting questions raised by the application of this construct to these protests, the need for context-driven research in occupational science, and implications for the role and scope of occupational therapy practice.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44050857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2110658
Gelya Frank
ABSTRACT This publication develops a keynote presented at the 27th USC Chan Occupational Science Symposium, “Occupations disrupted: Pandemics and the reshaping of everyday life,” on November 5, 2021. I used the social theory of occupational reconstructions—shared problem-solving through narrative alignments and collective action—to reflect on occupational science’s progress since its founding 30 years ago. I argue that (1) the science of occupation has stalled in today’s neoliberal university; and that (2) ‘consequential questions’ must be formulated across the discipline to develop useful knowledge from different locations, positionalities, and contexts. A ‘consequential question,’ I propose, produces knowledge useful to solving problems of wide concern to the discipline, other disciplines, and the public; and sets up a scientific research program that progresses empirically and theoretically. I explain why the founders’ pragmatist framing of occupation as mind-body experience remains important to recent critiques of the discipline and its future advancement. Likewise, I explain how pragmatism can and must transact with various critical (Marxist, poststructuralist) philosophies and other (positivist, alternative) epistemologies regarding societal problems such as occupational justice, human rights, decolonization, political polarization, and the erosion of democracy. I suggest that federally funded biomedical research in the neoliberal university is not currently designed to advance a science of occupation, although it could if occupational scientists were to face the discipline’s contradictions under neoliberalism and reconstruct its common purpose.
{"title":"Occupational science’s stalled revolution and a manifesto for reconstruction","authors":"Gelya Frank","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2110658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2110658","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This publication develops a keynote presented at the 27th USC Chan Occupational Science Symposium, “Occupations disrupted: Pandemics and the reshaping of everyday life,” on November 5, 2021. I used the social theory of occupational reconstructions—shared problem-solving through narrative alignments and collective action—to reflect on occupational science’s progress since its founding 30 years ago. I argue that (1) the science of occupation has stalled in today’s neoliberal university; and that (2) ‘consequential questions’ must be formulated across the discipline to develop useful knowledge from different locations, positionalities, and contexts. A ‘consequential question,’ I propose, produces knowledge useful to solving problems of wide concern to the discipline, other disciplines, and the public; and sets up a scientific research program that progresses empirically and theoretically. I explain why the founders’ pragmatist framing of occupation as mind-body experience remains important to recent critiques of the discipline and its future advancement. Likewise, I explain how pragmatism can and must transact with various critical (Marxist, poststructuralist) philosophies and other (positivist, alternative) epistemologies regarding societal problems such as occupational justice, human rights, decolonization, political polarization, and the erosion of democracy. I suggest that federally funded biomedical research in the neoliberal university is not currently designed to advance a science of occupation, although it could if occupational scientists were to face the discipline’s contradictions under neoliberalism and reconstruct its common purpose.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46836667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2110146
C. Müllenmeister, Jesper Larsen Maersk, L. Farias
ABSTRACT Activism is what people do to bring about social transformation. Yet, there is scarce research on activism and its shaping of everyday life in occupational science. Understanding activism as a product of collective doing in specific contexts can contribute to current debates about the political nature of occupation and processes of social transformation through occupation. Therefore, the aim of this study was explore the doing of activism by people in Germany who identify as activists and the ways it influences their everyday lives. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze data from semi-structured interviews with six individuals living in Germany who self-identify as activists. The analysis focussed on the doing, experiences, and tensions resulting from engagement in activism. The findings are presented through three themes: ‘Doing activism together’, ‘Doing activism versus personal/family obligations’, and ‘Doing activism around the clock’. Together, the findings present a more nuanced understanding of occupations oriented towards social transformation by illustrating how activism can raise awareness of important social issues but also take over participants’ everyday lives and create tensions with their family/work/study priorities and responsibilities. This study enriches current understandings of occupation for individual and society’s social transformation by illustrating how occupation can be used as political expression and action. The findings also contribute to debates about a tendency to focus on the positive nature of occupations, neglecting tensions and potential risks for participants and others.
{"title":"Exploring doing activism as a means for political action and social transformation in Germany","authors":"C. Müllenmeister, Jesper Larsen Maersk, L. Farias","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2110146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2110146","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Activism is what people do to bring about social transformation. Yet, there is scarce research on activism and its shaping of everyday life in occupational science. Understanding activism as a product of collective doing in specific contexts can contribute to current debates about the political nature of occupation and processes of social transformation through occupation. Therefore, the aim of this study was explore the doing of activism by people in Germany who identify as activists and the ways it influences their everyday lives. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze data from semi-structured interviews with six individuals living in Germany who self-identify as activists. The analysis focussed on the doing, experiences, and tensions resulting from engagement in activism. The findings are presented through three themes: ‘Doing activism together’, ‘Doing activism versus personal/family obligations’, and ‘Doing activism around the clock’. Together, the findings present a more nuanced understanding of occupations oriented towards social transformation by illustrating how activism can raise awareness of important social issues but also take over participants’ everyday lives and create tensions with their family/work/study priorities and responsibilities. This study enriches current understandings of occupation for individual and society’s social transformation by illustrating how occupation can be used as political expression and action. The findings also contribute to debates about a tendency to focus on the positive nature of occupations, neglecting tensions and potential risks for participants and others.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47416917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2022.2110145
Chelsea Ramirez, Karen McCarthy, Ana Cabalquinto, Carmela Dizon, Mai Santiago
ABSTRACT Batok (also known as Fatek/Burik/Tatak/Batek/Patik) is an Indigenous Filipino tattooing practice where the practitioner marks the skin by hand-tapping the ink using bone/wood implements. Previous research on tattooing from an occupational science perspective has considered European tattooing and its engagement and implication on the individual. This qualitative research explores how batok is experienced by the person and their identified community. Three Filipino participants with batok, and four family or community members were interviewed. Thematic analysis highlighted three themes recognized as Kapwa, Revealing One’s Batok, and Decolonization and Reclamation as a Cultural Practice. These themes are situated in the lens of a collective occupation and encapsulate the experience of the batok process among individuals with batok and their family/community members. Findings support the conceptualization of batok as a resistive collective occupation. This research provides deeper insight into the collective occupation of Indigenous cultural practice, with the potential to expand occupational science’s understanding of decolonizing occupations.
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