Abstract:As the Trump era revitalized questions of racial capitalism and the place of the US in the world in spectacular fashion, this essay centers the Iraq War as a key site of twenty-first century US imperialism. Specifically, it considers the large-scale privatization of the US war apparatus, and the ways in which the proliferation of corporate actors after 9/11 both enabled and transformed the imperial power of the state through military contracting. Not only did defense contractors underwrite traditional military operations, they worked to shift power from civil federal institutions to corporations. This allowed contractors to dilute the US government's onus of responsibility and operate with impunity by evading the barest forms of democratic accountability. The enduring legacies of these processes into the present highlight the critical role of corporate power in the structure and maintenance of contemporary US empire.
{"title":"War Is Still a Racket: Private Military Contracting, US Imperialism, and the Iraq War","authors":"Zaynab Quadri","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:As the Trump era revitalized questions of racial capitalism and the place of the US in the world in spectacular fashion, this essay centers the Iraq War as a key site of twenty-first century US imperialism. Specifically, it considers the large-scale privatization of the US war apparatus, and the ways in which the proliferation of corporate actors after 9/11 both enabled and transformed the imperial power of the state through military contracting. Not only did defense contractors underwrite traditional military operations, they worked to shift power from civil federal institutions to corporations. This allowed contractors to dilute the US government's onus of responsibility and operate with impunity by evading the barest forms of democratic accountability. The enduring legacies of these processes into the present highlight the critical role of corporate power in the structure and maintenance of contemporary US empire.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"523 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46021188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Biopolitical and necropolitical frameworks posit death as sovereignty's limit. However, colonial abuses of indigenous remains suggest otherwise. Taking Achille Mbembe's necropolitics as a point of departure, I draw attention to the extraction of soil containing human remains in the US military base construction of occupied Okinawa. I argue that ossuopower—the right to control remains, both human and nonhuman—is fundamental to colonial territorial expansion. Tracing the stories of bones, I first contextualize the exercise of ossuopower in the history of US settler colonialism and garrison militarism in the Pacific, where bones symbolize sovereign power and claims to land. I then offer a case study of the exercise of the right over remains in Okinawa, from the post–World War II era of US occupation through Reversion-era mainland Japanese development to the current Futenma Airbase relocation. Bones bear the material traces of the changing forces of US militarization and Japanese maldevelopment. In closing, I analyze Tsuyoshi Shima's short story "Bones" to illumine an indigenous Okinawan relation to land and suggest the need for epistemes of care for remains and land. In theorizing ossuopower, I offer a lens to analyze the entanglement of militarization, globalization, and securitization in the Pacific Century.
{"title":"Bone and Coral: Ossuopower and the Control of (Future) Remains in Occupied Okinawa","authors":"Nozomi Saito","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Biopolitical and necropolitical frameworks posit death as sovereignty's limit. However, colonial abuses of indigenous remains suggest otherwise. Taking Achille Mbembe's necropolitics as a point of departure, I draw attention to the extraction of soil containing human remains in the US military base construction of occupied Okinawa. I argue that ossuopower—the right to control remains, both human and nonhuman—is fundamental to colonial territorial expansion. Tracing the stories of bones, I first contextualize the exercise of ossuopower in the history of US settler colonialism and garrison militarism in the Pacific, where bones symbolize sovereign power and claims to land. I then offer a case study of the exercise of the right over remains in Okinawa, from the post–World War II era of US occupation through Reversion-era mainland Japanese development to the current Futenma Airbase relocation. Bones bear the material traces of the changing forces of US militarization and Japanese maldevelopment. In closing, I analyze Tsuyoshi Shima's short story \"Bones\" to illumine an indigenous Okinawan relation to land and suggest the need for epistemes of care for remains and land. In theorizing ossuopower, I offer a lens to analyze the entanglement of militarization, globalization, and securitization in the Pacific Century.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"567 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forever End Times: GWOT in Three Parts","authors":"Junaid Rana","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"563 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45380101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"White Innocents: On the Decriminalization of White Terrorism in America","authors":"Simon Balto","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"615 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47256005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Focusing on an array of comparable racial and ethnic projects, this essay identifies and unpacks how an affective infrastructure of rival imperial formations that we call "ethno-racial paranoia" spawns enduring fears and antagonisms to perpetuate Cold War mentalities. Through an ethnoracial linkage, the US and PRC not only have been coconstituting and coevolving through each other but also have emerged as interdependent adversaries. Our analysis challenges verticalized historiographies that valorize diametrically opposed nation-states engaged in Cold War struggles by highlighting the centrality of ethno-race in creating divisive discourses and paradigms. Second, we demonstrate how ethno-race, despite the "end" of the old Cold War, continues to undergird the re-creation and maintenance of imperial boundaries, setting the stage for a new Cold War. Finally, we shift attention to the minor-to-minor relations formulated among activists in Hong Kong and Taiwan who are stuck between the new Cold War imperial rivalry. Our aim is to show how these groups—who share affects that cannot be absorbed into the structured historiographies, hermeneutical patterns, and economic materialities informed by Cold Warism—illuminate an alternative path that cuts across the seemingly impenetrable binaries bolstering the ethno-racial paranoia at the heart of intensifying interimperial antagonism between the US and PRC.
{"title":"Ethno-Racial Paranoia and Affective Cold Warism: Remapping Rival US-PRC Imperial Formations","authors":"C. Zhang, Wen Liu, C. Lee","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Focusing on an array of comparable racial and ethnic projects, this essay identifies and unpacks how an affective infrastructure of rival imperial formations that we call \"ethno-racial paranoia\" spawns enduring fears and antagonisms to perpetuate Cold War mentalities. Through an ethnoracial linkage, the US and PRC not only have been coconstituting and coevolving through each other but also have emerged as interdependent adversaries. Our analysis challenges verticalized historiographies that valorize diametrically opposed nation-states engaged in Cold War struggles by highlighting the centrality of ethno-race in creating divisive discourses and paradigms. Second, we demonstrate how ethno-race, despite the \"end\" of the old Cold War, continues to undergird the re-creation and maintenance of imperial boundaries, setting the stage for a new Cold War. Finally, we shift attention to the minor-to-minor relations formulated among activists in Hong Kong and Taiwan who are stuck between the new Cold War imperial rivalry. Our aim is to show how these groups—who share affects that cannot be absorbed into the structured historiographies, hermeneutical patterns, and economic materialities informed by Cold Warism—illuminate an alternative path that cuts across the seemingly impenetrable binaries bolstering the ethno-racial paranoia at the heart of intensifying interimperial antagonism between the US and PRC.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"499 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44778542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Empire and the \"Indian Problem\" in 2020: From COVID-19 Checkpoints to McGirt","authors":"E. Rule","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"783 - 789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In light of these actions, the pandemic could be perceived as having bolstered the autonomy and jurisdiction of Indigenous governments relative to local municipalities, provinces, and the federal government. [...]these assertions should not be mistaken as a signal that the structures of Indigenous political subordination relative to state power have been, or stand to be, transformed in any significant way. With all eyes attuned to the need for "economic recovery," Indigenous people have predictably been invited to play a role in mainstream postpandemic economic recovery strategies. Any semblance of intergovernmental cooperation between Indigenous and Canadian governments, then, has once again been tethered to Indigenous participation in capitalist economies, which presumes an association between economic development and the transformation of Indigenous political subordination and excludes Indigenous people whose interests do not align with these ideals.
{"title":"Lives More Recognizable Than Individual: Indigenous Communities in the Face of Pandemics","authors":"Dallas Hunt, Gina Starblanket","doi":"10.1353/aq.2022.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2022.0047","url":null,"abstract":"In light of these actions, the pandemic could be perceived as having bolstered the autonomy and jurisdiction of Indigenous governments relative to local municipalities, provinces, and the federal government. [...]these assertions should not be mistaken as a signal that the structures of Indigenous political subordination relative to state power have been, or stand to be, transformed in any significant way. With all eyes attuned to the need for \"economic recovery,\" Indigenous people have predictably been invited to play a role in mainstream postpandemic economic recovery strategies. Any semblance of intergovernmental cooperation between Indigenous and Canadian governments, then, has once again been tethered to Indigenous participation in capitalist economies, which presumes an association between economic development and the transformation of Indigenous political subordination and excludes Indigenous people whose interests do not align with these ideals.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":"74 1","pages":"696 - 699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47156267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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