Elif Sen Himaki;Ozge Merzali Celikoglu;Klaus Krippendorff
Metaphor has long been a topic of investigation in scholarly design research. Studies across various design contexts have demonstrated the value of deliberately exploring and using metaphors to facilitate different phases of the design process. However, the analytical potential of metaphors has often been overshadowed by their generative use, leaving their significance in the research phase of the design process relatively unexplored. This article aims to broaden our understanding of the role metaphors can play in design, delving into the analytical role of metaphors in human-centered design research, particularly focusing on the insights that users' and other stakeholders' metaphors can offer. We present the rationale for adopting metaphor analysis as a method for design research, drawing on conceptual metaphor theory and evidence from analogous research studies. Acknowledging the natural creativity in language use of ordinary people, we argue for the potential this inherent creativity holds for user research and co-creativity settings. We discuss the value of attending to the metaphors in design research, introduce relevant concepts from linguistic metaphor analysis, and demonstrate their practical application on designers' use of user metaphors. We address the advantages and challenges of adopting metaphor analysis as a method for design research and provide recommendations for designers seeking to instrumentalize metaphors in their design processes.
{"title":"Revisiting Metaphor as an Analytical Tool for Design Research1","authors":"Elif Sen Himaki;Ozge Merzali Celikoglu;Klaus Krippendorff","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00781","url":null,"abstract":"Metaphor has long been a topic of investigation in scholarly design research. Studies across various design contexts have demonstrated the value of deliberately exploring and using metaphors to facilitate different phases of the design process. However, the analytical potential of metaphors has often been overshadowed by their generative use, leaving their significance in the research phase of the design process relatively unexplored. This article aims to broaden our understanding of the role metaphors can play in design, delving into the analytical role of metaphors in human-centered design research, particularly focusing on the insights that users' and other stakeholders' metaphors can offer. We present the rationale for adopting metaphor analysis as a method for design research, drawing on conceptual metaphor theory and evidence from analogous research studies. Acknowledging the natural creativity in language use of ordinary people, we argue for the potential this inherent creativity holds for user research and co-creativity settings. We discuss the value of attending to the metaphors in design research, introduce relevant concepts from linguistic metaphor analysis, and demonstrate their practical application on designers' use of user metaphors. We address the advantages and challenges of adopting metaphor analysis as a method for design research and provide recommendations for designers seeking to instrumentalize metaphors in their design processes.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142408875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study challenges the conventional perception of waste as a discarded object devoid of use and aims to redefine its nature by dissociating it from the boundaries of value. To achieve this, the term sslgi (sweeping) is proposed to shift the focus of waste management from relegation to obsolescence to active disposition that retains latent value. This conceptual shift redefines “reuse” in design as the activation of the inherent value in objects. This research also explores the creation of novel materials, exemplified by the extraterrestrial material StarCrete, which is composed of dust, soil, and minimal organic additives, along with designers' use of new materials derived from limestone dust and material-driven speculative design that experiments with synthetic (plastic) and natural substances. These cases illuminate the inherent [re]usability of material entities that are ready for activation in multiple interconnected contexts. From this perspective, we can re-view the role of the designer as [re]assembling existing materials and negotiating various influencing factors. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that transcending the binary perceptions of value and worthlessness allows designers to approach [re]use beyond the confines of the production-consumption-disposal paradigms, thereby decoupling objects from the deterministic use values imposed on them.
{"title":"Value Deactivated: Waste as an Act of Sweeping","authors":"Jeong Hye Kim","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00779","url":null,"abstract":"This study challenges the conventional perception of waste as a discarded object devoid of use and aims to redefine its nature by dissociating it from the boundaries of value. To achieve this, the term sslgi (sweeping) is proposed to shift the focus of waste management from relegation to obsolescence to active disposition that retains latent value. This conceptual shift redefines “reuse” in design as the activation of the inherent value in objects. This research also explores the creation of novel materials, exemplified by the extraterrestrial material StarCrete, which is composed of dust, soil, and minimal organic additives, along with designers' use of new materials derived from limestone dust and material-driven speculative design that experiments with synthetic (plastic) and natural substances. These cases illuminate the inherent [re]usability of material entities that are ready for activation in multiple interconnected contexts. From this perspective, we can re-view the role of the designer as [re]assembling existing materials and negotiating various influencing factors. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that transcending the binary perceptions of value and worthlessness allows designers to approach [re]use beyond the confines of the production-consumption-disposal paradigms, thereby decoupling objects from the deterministic use values imposed on them.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142408876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes a model of social design inquiry directed toward shaping shared societal goals. Drawing on Dewey and McKeon, the approach is based on means-end evaluation and communication in plurality. This presents a response to the double challenge of dealing with conflicting aspirations for the future and the current need to balance differences in perspectives. The social design inquiry model provides the basis for meliorism in design insofar as it offers a way of working through these challenges by making use of imagination and deliberation.
{"title":"Design and Making Things Better: Relating the Pragmatism of John Dewey and Richard McKeon in Design Inquiry","authors":"Brian Dixon;Patrycja Kaszynska","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00778","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a model of social design inquiry directed toward shaping shared societal goals. Drawing on Dewey and McKeon, the approach is based on means-end evaluation and communication in plurality. This presents a response to the double challenge of dealing with conflicting aspirations for the future and the current need to balance differences in perspectives. The social design inquiry model provides the basis for meliorism in design insofar as it offers a way of working through these challenges by making use of imagination and deliberation.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142408680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes a novel approach called breaching-through-service (BtS) that integrates the microsociological approach of ethnomethodology and field-based design experimentation. BtS is service-in-action that is embedded with incongruity. It provides an operational and analytical framework for researchers to breach a social situation by designing and delivering a service, accounting for what occurs in that context, and then acting based on the ensuing interaction. In this way, it enables inquiry and service delivery simultaneously. The BtS approach enriches the practice of studying and harnessing micro-interactions with and for service design. With this, it advances the investigative and transformational capacity of service design.
{"title":"Breaching-through-Service: Accounting and Shaping Social Order with Service Design","authors":"Yiying Wu;Karthikeya Acharya","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00780","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel approach called breaching-through-service (BtS) that integrates the microsociological approach of ethnomethodology and field-based design experimentation. BtS is service-in-action that is embedded with incongruity. It provides an operational and analytical framework for researchers to breach a social situation by designing and delivering a service, accounting for what occurs in that context, and then acting based on the ensuing interaction. In this way, it enables inquiry and service delivery simultaneously. The BtS approach enriches the practice of studying and harnessing micro-interactions with and for service design. With this, it advances the investigative and transformational capacity of service design.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"54-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relying on Krippendorff's description of “authentic conversation” we describe the ethnography of unimagined possibilities in the intersection of ethnography and human-centered design research. Possibilities are what inspire human-centered designers to create products, practices, and services that could satisfy currently unimagined yet real needs and desires. Although possibilities are not observable as such, they can be constructed in conversations of designers and other stakeholders. Hence, they can become extensions of real situations that are co-constructed as new realities.
{"title":"Ethnographies of Unimagined Possibilities: Toward a Conversational Paradigm for Human-Centered Design Research","authors":"Ozge Merzali Celikoglu;Klaus Krippendorff","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00777","url":null,"abstract":"Relying on Krippendorff's description of “authentic conversation” we describe the ethnography of unimagined possibilities in the intersection of ethnography and human-centered design research. Possibilities are what inspire human-centered designers to create products, practices, and services that could satisfy currently unimagined yet real needs and desires. Although possibilities are not observable as such, they can be constructed in conversations of designers and other stakeholders. Hence, they can become extensions of real situations that are co-constructed as new realities.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142408679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autographic Design: The Matter of Data in a Self-Inscribing World","authors":"Tania Allen","doi":"10.1162/desi_r_00785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_r_00785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"88-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142408838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decolonizing Design: A Cultural Justice Guidebook","authors":"Ricardo Lopez-Leon","doi":"10.1162/desi_r_00783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_r_00783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 4","pages":"83-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142408872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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