This article proposes that designers can enhance and extend the efforts for social change by transforming concepts of equity and justice into material, informative, and interactive experiences. The framework introduced here outlines six orientations for evoking future outcomes in the present moment. These orientations stem from a synthesis of techniques from disciplines with varying perspectives on world-building (rhetoric, theology, political science, and art). It identifies multiple ways to evoke the future in the present. Shared and iterated through a series of workshops in racial justice contexts, the framework offers a structure for advocates to recognize how they are already building better worlds and how they can translate future visions into near-term communication pieces that engage people in their mission.
{"title":"Designing Equitable Worlds: Six Orientations to Evoke the Future","authors":"Hillary Carey","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00764","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00764","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes that designers can enhance and extend the efforts for social change by transforming concepts of equity and justice into material, informative, and interactive experiences. The framework introduced here outlines six orientations for evoking future outcomes in the present moment. These orientations stem from a synthesis of techniques from disciplines with varying perspectives on world-building (rhetoric, theology, political science, and art). It identifies multiple ways to evoke the future in the present. Shared and iterated through a series of workshops in racial justice contexts, the framework offers a structure for advocates to recognize how they are already building better worlds and how they can translate future visions into near-term communication pieces that engage people in their mission.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the possibility of interpreting the Banarasi design worldview of play and toys, as expressed in the Banarasi language in a community of toy designers in India. The author explored the Banarasi concept of play and toy design from the analysis of vernacular vocabulary and etymology from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and oral transcriptions of formal and informal interviews of toy designers, patrons, and shopkeepers. Besides Banarasi, Hindi (a dialect spoken in Banaras), Sanskrit (an ancient Indian language), and English (a language influencing Banarasi) vocabularies were also analyzed. The timeline of various words used to denote toys or their use revealed a pattern of change in the conception of a toy and its physical manifestation. This culture-specific meaning of toys as extended to rituals and ceremonies, their seasonality, and craftsmanship of local materials, broadens the definition of Banarasi khilona (toys) from ludic experience to a cultural representation.
{"title":"Shape of the Design Worldview: Does Language Inform the Design Sense?","authors":"Koumudi Patil","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00769","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00769","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the possibility of interpreting the Banarasi design worldview of play and toys, as expressed in the Banarasi language in a community of toy designers in India. The author explored the Banarasi concept of play and toy design from the analysis of vernacular vocabulary and etymology from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and oral transcriptions of formal and informal interviews of toy designers, patrons, and shopkeepers. Besides Banarasi, Hindi (a dialect spoken in Banaras), Sanskrit (an ancient Indian language), and English (a language influencing Banarasi) vocabularies were also analyzed. The timeline of various words used to denote toys or their use revealed a pattern of change in the conception of a toy and its physical manifestation. This culture-specific meaning of toys as extended to rituals and ceremonies, their seasonality, and craftsmanship of local materials, broadens the definition of Banarasi khilona (toys) from ludic experience to a cultural representation.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"88-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What society experiences today as morally questionable design—from gendered toys for children to public benches that prevent sleeping—can be considered the aftermath of an underdeveloped foundation for systematic ethical reflection in design methodologies. Although designing is an inherently moral activity, research on how to recognize and handle ethical questions and moral dilemmas in early (conceptual) design activities is scarce. In this article, we use an interdisciplinary lens to analyze and respond to the challenges of bridging moral psychology, ethics of technology, and design methodologies. For this, we introduce the concept of moral engagement in design, which is inspired by Moral Disengagement Theory. Finally, we propose five preliminary considerations for enacting moral engagement in design practices. These considerations form an interdisciplinary bridge to help us reflect on the moral dimensions of methodological choices in conceptual design practices.
{"title":"Moral Engagement in Design: Five Considerations for Unpacking the Ethical Dimensions of Design Methods","authors":"Deger Ozkaramanli;Michael Nagenborg","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00774","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00774","url":null,"abstract":"What society experiences today as morally questionable design—from gendered toys for children to public benches that prevent sleeping—can be considered the aftermath of an underdeveloped foundation for systematic ethical reflection in design methodologies. Although designing is an inherently moral activity, research on how to recognize and handle ethical questions and moral dilemmas in early (conceptual) design activities is scarce. In this article, we use an interdisciplinary lens to analyze and respond to the challenges of bridging moral psychology, ethics of technology, and design methodologies. For this, we introduce the concept of moral engagement in design, which is inspired by Moral Disengagement Theory. Finally, we propose five preliminary considerations for enacting moral engagement in design practices. These considerations form an interdisciplinary bridge to help us reflect on the moral dimensions of methodological choices in conceptual design practices.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article extends the remit of Saussurean semiotics from design criticism to design theory. It does this by invoking concepts from the work of psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan. It begins by exploring the role of the signifier in Lacan's theory of language and connects it to concepts of subjectivity, desire, and surplus-enjoyment. This leads to the hypothesis that the essence of design is the production of surplus-enjoyment—a hypothesis at odds with the notion that design exists to meet human needs. The article concludes by showing how semiotic theory by way of Lacan can be used to explore the cultural, subjective, and social dimensions of the design artifact in new and productive ways. The work is intended to be accessible even to readers who are unfamiliar with Lacan's work.
{"title":"Design Semiotics and the Economy of Surplus-Enjoyment","authors":"Stephen Beckett","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00756","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00756","url":null,"abstract":"This article extends the remit of Saussurean semiotics from design criticism to design theory. It does this by invoking concepts from the work of psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan. It begins by exploring the role of the signifier in Lacan's theory of language and connects it to concepts of subjectivity, desire, and surplus-enjoyment. This leads to the hypothesis that the essence of design is the production of surplus-enjoyment—a hypothesis at odds with the notion that design exists to meet human needs. The article concludes by showing how semiotic theory by way of Lacan can be used to explore the cultural, subjective, and social dimensions of the design artifact in new and productive ways. The work is intended to be accessible even to readers who are unfamiliar with Lacan's work.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As design practice shifts from designing material goods to shaping and facilitating social situations, there is a compelling need to develop a richer understanding of specific social relations as facilitated by design. This article explores bodied unisons—enkinaesthetic entrainments of self + other. We present these unison acts as identifiable patterns of behavior that are observable when people coordinate, patterns that foster a move from individual to superunit. Extending the metaphor of musical unison, this article provides perspective on the varied qualities of consensus, offering insight for those designing to coordinate behavior. The disciplines of service design, interaction design, and experience design all aim to coordinate behavior toward specific ends. In each discipline, there are two or more entities (the client and the service provider, for instance) searching for congruence, and the success or failure of the interaction can be assessed through this spectrum of unisons. This study explores the definition of unison as an enkinaesthetic embodied act, provides a framework for analysis, and concludes with implications for the design profession and some ethical considerations regarding designed unisons. The analytical framework encourages novel attention to shared experience, opening avenues for intervention in experiential design fields. As a metaphoric construct and as embodied performance, unison offers participants a sense of stability and cooperation with varying degrees of independence and agency.
{"title":"A Gradient of Unisons: The Emergent Superunit in Collective Action","authors":"Stephen Neely;Michael Arnold Mages","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00754","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00754","url":null,"abstract":"As design practice shifts from designing material goods to shaping and facilitating social situations, there is a compelling need to develop a richer understanding of specific social relations as facilitated by design. This article explores bodied unisons—enkinaesthetic entrainments of self + other. We present these unison acts as identifiable patterns of behavior that are observable when people coordinate, patterns that foster a move from individual to superunit. Extending the metaphor of musical unison, this article provides perspective on the varied qualities of consensus, offering insight for those designing to coordinate behavior. The disciplines of service design, interaction design, and experience design all aim to coordinate behavior toward specific ends. In each discipline, there are two or more entities (the client and the service provider, for instance) searching for congruence, and the success or failure of the interaction can be assessed through this spectrum of unisons. This study explores the definition of unison as an enkinaesthetic embodied act, provides a framework for analysis, and concludes with implications for the design profession and some ethical considerations regarding designed unisons. The analytical framework encourages novel attention to shared experience, opening avenues for intervention in experiential design fields. As a metaphoric construct and as embodied performance, unison offers participants a sense of stability and cooperation with varying degrees of independence and agency.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article follows the International Council of Graphic Design Associations throughout its first 50 years of activities. Initially shaped from Western European perspectives on graphic design, which included the pursuit of universal standards and favoritism towards designers from certain countries, the Council's quest for recognition led its change towards a more inclusive and diverse path. This article concludes by acknowledging the changes the Council went through throughout the years and the nature of its work, along with remarks about the potential contributions of its archive to graphic design history, with valuable documentation on its membership from 1963 to 2003.
{"title":"Icograda: The International Council of Graphic Design Associations 1963-2013","authors":"Dora Souza Dias","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00753","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00753","url":null,"abstract":"This article follows the International Council of Graphic Design Associations throughout its first 50 years of activities. Initially shaped from Western European perspectives on graphic design, which included the pursuit of universal standards and favoritism towards designers from certain countries, the Council's quest for recognition led its change towards a more inclusive and diverse path. This article concludes by acknowledging the changes the Council went through throughout the years and the nature of its work, along with remarks about the potential contributions of its archive to graphic design history, with valuable documentation on its membership from 1963 to 2003.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"28-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Bauhaus of the Seas: A Manifesto for the New European Bauhaus","authors":"Nuno Jardim Nunes","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00758","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We identify a dilemma currently faced by designers and design researchers concerning how best to use the influential nature of design to change people's behavior in a way that benefits society. This dilemma exists because, even though designers can create products that can exercise control over individual freedom, such products are made necessary because people seem resistant to sacrifice their freedom for the good of society. Various approaches have arisen to respond to this dilemma—ranging from the technocratic to the democratic with “libertarian paternalism” somewhere in between—but we have found that they all share a paternalistic way of treating individual freedom as a “barrier” to be overcome to achieve social goals, such as sustainability, crime reduction, public health, and social justice. Instead of tackling this issue head-on, this interdisciplinary work challenges this dilemma and, drawing from the ethics of Simone de Beauvoir, argues that freedom is not merely a value to be weighed against other values in design practices but is instead the basis of all moral values.
{"title":"Beauvoir versus Behavior Change: Introducing Existential Ethics to the Politics of Design","authors":"Nolen Gertz;Deger Ozkaramanli","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00755","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00755","url":null,"abstract":"We identify a dilemma currently faced by designers and design researchers concerning how best to use the influential nature of design to change people's behavior in a way that benefits society. This dilemma exists because, even though designers can create products that can exercise control over individual freedom, such products are made necessary because people seem resistant to sacrifice their freedom for the good of society. Various approaches have arisen to respond to this dilemma—ranging from the technocratic to the democratic with “libertarian paternalism” somewhere in between—but we have found that they all share a paternalistic way of treating individual freedom as a “barrier” to be overcome to achieve social goals, such as sustainability, crime reduction, public health, and social justice. Instead of tackling this issue head-on, this interdisciplinary work challenges this dilemma and, drawing from the ethics of Simone de Beauvoir, argues that freedom is not merely a value to be weighed against other values in design practices but is instead the basis of all moral values.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"56-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crossing Over: The Shared DNA of Design and Science","authors":"Leslie Atzmon","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00757","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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