Nicholas B. Torretta;Mariana Pestana;Frederico Duarte;Cristiano Predroso-Roussado;Luisa Metelo Seixas;Valentina Nisi;Nuno Jardim Nunes
In 2020, Europe announced the New European Bauhaus (NEB). While the initiative intends to achieve EU sustainability goals, framing it under the name of the Bauhaus brings various challenges and issues to the fore. In this article, we analyze the critiques of the original Bauhaus and the NEB to understand the challenges that the NEB lighthouse project Bauhaus of the Seas Sails (BoSS) inherits by adhering to the Bauhaus vision and name. We unveil the problematic dynamics of Eurocentric modernity's myths of universalism and better living through technology and on the Bauhaus's and NEB's position in global power structures. Instead of assuming a tabula rasa approach and replicating problematic structures unknowingly, we bring these three aspects to BoSS to find questions as orientation points to help steer away from problematic aspects inherited by reanimating the Bauhaus name and its legacy.
{"title":"Navigating Problematic Bauhaus Inheritances: Critiques, Implications, and Questions from the Bauhaus of the Seas NEB Lighthouse","authors":"Nicholas B. Torretta;Mariana Pestana;Frederico Duarte;Cristiano Predroso-Roussado;Luisa Metelo Seixas;Valentina Nisi;Nuno Jardim Nunes","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00770","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00770","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, Europe announced the New European Bauhaus (NEB). While the initiative intends to achieve EU sustainability goals, framing it under the name of the Bauhaus brings various challenges and issues to the fore. In this article, we analyze the critiques of the original Bauhaus and the NEB to understand the challenges that the NEB lighthouse project Bauhaus of the Seas Sails (BoSS) inherits by adhering to the Bauhaus vision and name. We unveil the problematic dynamics of Eurocentric modernity's myths of universalism and better living through technology and on the Bauhaus's and NEB's position in global power structures. Instead of assuming a tabula rasa approach and replicating problematic structures unknowingly, we bring these three aspects to BoSS to find questions as orientation points to help steer away from problematic aspects inherited by reanimating the Bauhaus name and its legacy.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To justify the individuality of design as a discipline, researchers repeatedly separated it from other disciplines while underscoring the integration of design in those disciplines. We resolve this apparent paradox by recognizing that people have knowledge, abilities, and tasks that can be attributed to several disciplines. We emphasize a collaborative effect-centered understanding and execution of problem-solving rather than an individual and design-centered one to enable each person to perform to the best of their abilities. Therefore, we introduce the newly developed “effect method,” which, by researching defined interrelations between subjects (terms considered as single entities) and systems (terms considered as multipart entities), empowers people to identify and understand relevant problems and solution approaches. The interrelations are defined by effects to be prevented (problem) or achieved (solution). Based on this, the effect method enables the development of system-compatible solution concepts. As a result, each person's creativity, knowledge, and best abilities can contribute to the collaborative development of relevant solutions.
{"title":"Collaborative Effect-Centered Problem-Solving","authors":"Moritz Hartstang;Jürgen Held","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00768","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00768","url":null,"abstract":"To justify the individuality of design as a discipline, researchers repeatedly separated it from other disciplines while underscoring the integration of design in those disciplines. We resolve this apparent paradox by recognizing that people have knowledge, abilities, and tasks that can be attributed to several disciplines. We emphasize a collaborative effect-centered understanding and execution of problem-solving rather than an individual and design-centered one to enable each person to perform to the best of their abilities. Therefore, we introduce the newly developed “effect method,” which, by researching defined interrelations between subjects (terms considered as single entities) and systems (terms considered as multipart entities), empowers people to identify and understand relevant problems and solution approaches. The interrelations are defined by effects to be prevented (problem) or achieved (solution). Based on this, the effect method enables the development of system-compatible solution concepts. As a result, each person's creativity, knowledge, and best abilities can contribute to the collaborative development of relevant solutions.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Graphic design, while a force for positive change, has played a role in perpetuating harmful societal norms. This article focuses on the design of period product advertising in Australian women's magazines, examining a century of advertising (1920–2020) to uncover visual patterns in messaging that have contributed to societal prejudices against menstruation. Three distinct themes were identified: describing periods as a disorder, coding the taboo, and keeping a secret. This research sheds light on the effect that graphic design and representation has on society and emphasizes the need for responsible graphic design practices in shaping a more inclusive and empathetic visual culture.
{"title":"Designing Period Shame: Period Product Advertising in Australian Women's Magazines","authors":"Jane Connory","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00767","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00767","url":null,"abstract":"Graphic design, while a force for positive change, has played a role in perpetuating harmful societal norms. This article focuses on the design of period product advertising in Australian women's magazines, examining a century of advertising (1920–2020) to uncover visual patterns in messaging that have contributed to societal prejudices against menstruation. Three distinct themes were identified: describing periods as a disorder, coding the taboo, and keeping a secret. This research sheds light on the effect that graphic design and representation has on society and emphasizes the need for responsible graphic design practices in shaping a more inclusive and empathetic visual culture.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"62-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Climate Book by Greta Thunberg","authors":"Dennis Doordan","doi":"10.1162/desi_r_00771","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_r_00771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes that designers can enhance and extend the efforts for social change by transforming concepts of equity and justice into material, informative, and interactive experiences. The framework introduced here outlines six orientations for evoking future outcomes in the present moment. These orientations stem from a synthesis of techniques from disciplines with varying perspectives on world-building (rhetoric, theology, political science, and art). It identifies multiple ways to evoke the future in the present. Shared and iterated through a series of workshops in racial justice contexts, the framework offers a structure for advocates to recognize how they are already building better worlds and how they can translate future visions into near-term communication pieces that engage people in their mission.
{"title":"Designing Equitable Worlds: Six Orientations to Evoke the Future","authors":"Hillary Carey","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00764","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00764","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes that designers can enhance and extend the efforts for social change by transforming concepts of equity and justice into material, informative, and interactive experiences. The framework introduced here outlines six orientations for evoking future outcomes in the present moment. These orientations stem from a synthesis of techniques from disciplines with varying perspectives on world-building (rhetoric, theology, political science, and art). It identifies multiple ways to evoke the future in the present. Shared and iterated through a series of workshops in racial justice contexts, the framework offers a structure for advocates to recognize how they are already building better worlds and how they can translate future visions into near-term communication pieces that engage people in their mission.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the possibility of interpreting the Banarasi design worldview of play and toys, as expressed in the Banarasi language in a community of toy designers in India. The author explored the Banarasi concept of play and toy design from the analysis of vernacular vocabulary and etymology from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and oral transcriptions of formal and informal interviews of toy designers, patrons, and shopkeepers. Besides Banarasi, Hindi (a dialect spoken in Banaras), Sanskrit (an ancient Indian language), and English (a language influencing Banarasi) vocabularies were also analyzed. The timeline of various words used to denote toys or their use revealed a pattern of change in the conception of a toy and its physical manifestation. This culture-specific meaning of toys as extended to rituals and ceremonies, their seasonality, and craftsmanship of local materials, broadens the definition of Banarasi khilona (toys) from ludic experience to a cultural representation.
{"title":"Shape of the Design Worldview: Does Language Inform the Design Sense?","authors":"Koumudi Patil","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00769","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00769","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the possibility of interpreting the Banarasi design worldview of play and toys, as expressed in the Banarasi language in a community of toy designers in India. The author explored the Banarasi concept of play and toy design from the analysis of vernacular vocabulary and etymology from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and oral transcriptions of formal and informal interviews of toy designers, patrons, and shopkeepers. Besides Banarasi, Hindi (a dialect spoken in Banaras), Sanskrit (an ancient Indian language), and English (a language influencing Banarasi) vocabularies were also analyzed. The timeline of various words used to denote toys or their use revealed a pattern of change in the conception of a toy and its physical manifestation. This culture-specific meaning of toys as extended to rituals and ceremonies, their seasonality, and craftsmanship of local materials, broadens the definition of Banarasi khilona (toys) from ludic experience to a cultural representation.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"88-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What society experiences today as morally questionable design—from gendered toys for children to public benches that prevent sleeping—can be considered the aftermath of an underdeveloped foundation for systematic ethical reflection in design methodologies. Although designing is an inherently moral activity, research on how to recognize and handle ethical questions and moral dilemmas in early (conceptual) design activities is scarce. In this article, we use an interdisciplinary lens to analyze and respond to the challenges of bridging moral psychology, ethics of technology, and design methodologies. For this, we introduce the concept of moral engagement in design, which is inspired by Moral Disengagement Theory. Finally, we propose five preliminary considerations for enacting moral engagement in design practices. These considerations form an interdisciplinary bridge to help us reflect on the moral dimensions of methodological choices in conceptual design practices.
{"title":"Moral Engagement in Design: Five Considerations for Unpacking the Ethical Dimensions of Design Methods","authors":"Deger Ozkaramanli;Michael Nagenborg","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00774","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00774","url":null,"abstract":"What society experiences today as morally questionable design—from gendered toys for children to public benches that prevent sleeping—can be considered the aftermath of an underdeveloped foundation for systematic ethical reflection in design methodologies. Although designing is an inherently moral activity, research on how to recognize and handle ethical questions and moral dilemmas in early (conceptual) design activities is scarce. In this article, we use an interdisciplinary lens to analyze and respond to the challenges of bridging moral psychology, ethics of technology, and design methodologies. For this, we introduce the concept of moral engagement in design, which is inspired by Moral Disengagement Theory. Finally, we propose five preliminary considerations for enacting moral engagement in design practices. These considerations form an interdisciplinary bridge to help us reflect on the moral dimensions of methodological choices in conceptual design practices.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 3","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article extends the remit of Saussurean semiotics from design criticism to design theory. It does this by invoking concepts from the work of psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan. It begins by exploring the role of the signifier in Lacan's theory of language and connects it to concepts of subjectivity, desire, and surplus-enjoyment. This leads to the hypothesis that the essence of design is the production of surplus-enjoyment—a hypothesis at odds with the notion that design exists to meet human needs. The article concludes by showing how semiotic theory by way of Lacan can be used to explore the cultural, subjective, and social dimensions of the design artifact in new and productive ways. The work is intended to be accessible even to readers who are unfamiliar with Lacan's work.
{"title":"Design Semiotics and the Economy of Surplus-Enjoyment","authors":"Stephen Beckett","doi":"10.1162/desi_a_00756","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_a_00756","url":null,"abstract":"This article extends the remit of Saussurean semiotics from design criticism to design theory. It does this by invoking concepts from the work of psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan. It begins by exploring the role of the signifier in Lacan's theory of language and connects it to concepts of subjectivity, desire, and surplus-enjoyment. This leads to the hypothesis that the essence of design is the production of surplus-enjoyment—a hypothesis at odds with the notion that design exists to meet human needs. The article concludes by showing how semiotic theory by way of Lacan can be used to explore the cultural, subjective, and social dimensions of the design artifact in new and productive ways. The work is intended to be accessible even to readers who are unfamiliar with Lacan's work.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"40 2","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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