Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150219
T. Uchida, K. Shibuya, Gustavo Richmond-Navarro, W. Calderón-Muñoz
In the current work we experimentally explored yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads. The lab-scale wind turbine model with a rotor diameter (D) of 0.442 m and a height of 1 m (=2.26D) was installed in a closed-circuit boundary layer wind tunnel (test section: 15 m long × 3.6 m wide × 2.0 m high) of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) of Kyushu University. Power performance tests were initially conducted with a single rotor in isolation in order to characterize a rotor’s power output in stand-alone conditions. A detailed comparison of the tests revealed that the power output decreased rapidly as the yaw angle (γ) increased. It is presumed that the power output decrease in yawed cases is mainly due to the decrease in the effective rotor area and the change in the angle of the incoming wind flow with respect to the wind turbine blade. Next, using two wind turbine models aligned with the dominant inflow direction, the merging wakes behaviors caused by three different lateral separation distances were tested: (a) Case 1 (y = 0), (b) Case 2 (y = 0.5D), and (c) Case 3 (y = 1D). Here, the separation distance between the two wind turbine models was fixed at 6D in all cases. Extremely large power output deficits of 46%–76% were seen in the Case 1 configuration. This is mainly due to the significant wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model. In the Case 2 configuration with γ values of 20° and 30°, a significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbines was observed. Similar to Case 1 configuration, these results are considered to be mainly due to the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits and wake deflection. Finally, in the Case 3 configuration, no significant difference was found in all of the results, and the tendency was almost the same. We show that the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model had almost no effect on the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. We evaluated the total power output of the two turbines. As a result, in the Case 2 configuration with 20° yaw angle, the total power output of the two wind turbine models was the highest due to the increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. In order to investigate the main cause of the significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model at 20° and 30° yaw angles in the Case 2 configuration, we measured the lateral wind speed distribution at the 6D position on the downwind side of the upwind wind turbine model by using the ultrasonic anemometer. As a results, it was clarified that the peak of the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model is clearly shifted away from the downwind turbine such that it experiences a smaller deficit due to wake steering. Also, with wake steering the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits may be smaller due to the reduction in rotor area. Finally, it is
在目前的工作中，我们实验探讨了偏航风力机尾迹对顺风风力机性能和风荷载的影响。将转子直径(D)为0.442 m，高度为1 m (=2.26D)的实验室规模风力机模型安装在九州大学应用力学研究所(RIAM)的闭环边界层风洞(试验段:长15 m ×宽3.6 m ×高2.0 m)中。功率性能测试最初是在隔离的单个转子上进行的，以表征转子在独立条件下的功率输出。试验的详细比较表明，功率输出随着偏航角(γ)的增加而迅速下降。假设偏航情况下功率输出的减少主要是由于有效转子面积的减小和来风气流相对于风力机叶片角度的变化。接下来，使用两种与主导入流方向对齐的风力机模型，测试了三种不同侧向分离距离导致的合并尾迹行为:(a) Case 1 (y = 0)， (b) Case 2 (y = 0.5D)和(c) Case 3 (y = 1D)。在这里，两个风力机模型之间的分离距离在所有情况下都固定为6D。在案例1配置中可以看到46%-76%的极大功率输出赤字。这主要是由于逆风风力机模型引起的显著尾流速度赤字。在γ值为20°和30°的Case 2配置中，观察到下风风力机的输出功率显著增加。与案例1的配置类似，这些结果被认为主要是由于迎风涡轮引起的尾流速度赤字和尾流偏转。最后，在Case 3配置中，所有结果没有发现显著差异，趋势几乎相同。结果表明，顺风模型引起的尾流速度缺陷对顺风模型的输出功率几乎没有影响。我们评估了两台涡轮机的总输出功率。因此，在20°偏航角的Case 2配置下，由于下风风力机模型的输出功率增加，两种风力机模型的总输出功率最高。为了探究Case 2配置下20°和30°偏航角下顺风风力机模型输出功率显著增加的主要原因，我们利用超声波风速仪测量了顺风风力机模型下风侧6D位置的侧向风速分布。结果表明，由逆风风力机模型引起的尾流速度赤字的峰值明显偏离了下风风力机，从而使其由于尾流转向而经历较小的赤字。此外，随着尾流转向，由于转子面积的减少，逆风涡轮诱导的尾流速度赤字可能更小。最后，了解顺风偏航风力机模型在产生最大输出功率时，在顺风偏航风力机模型诱导的尾迹区域内运行的顺风风力机模型所承受的风荷载是非常重要的。可以看出，随着上风向风力机模型偏航角的增大，下风向风力机模型的输出功率和作用在其上的顺流风荷载也随之增大。然而，也澄清了在这种情况下作用在顺风风力机模型上的顺流风荷载没有超过单机值。
{"title":"A wind tunnel investigation of yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads","authors":"T. Uchida, K. Shibuya, Gustavo Richmond-Navarro, W. Calderón-Muñoz","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221150219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221150219","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work we experimentally explored yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads. The lab-scale wind turbine model with a rotor diameter (D) of 0.442 m and a height of 1 m (=2.26D) was installed in a closed-circuit boundary layer wind tunnel (test section: 15 m long × 3.6 m wide × 2.0 m high) of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) of Kyushu University. Power performance tests were initially conducted with a single rotor in isolation in order to characterize a rotor’s power output in stand-alone conditions. A detailed comparison of the tests revealed that the power output decreased rapidly as the yaw angle (γ) increased. It is presumed that the power output decrease in yawed cases is mainly due to the decrease in the effective rotor area and the change in the angle of the incoming wind flow with respect to the wind turbine blade. Next, using two wind turbine models aligned with the dominant inflow direction, the merging wakes behaviors caused by three different lateral separation distances were tested: (a) Case 1 (y = 0), (b) Case 2 (y = 0.5D), and (c) Case 3 (y = 1D). Here, the separation distance between the two wind turbine models was fixed at 6D in all cases. Extremely large power output deficits of 46%–76% were seen in the Case 1 configuration. This is mainly due to the significant wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model. In the Case 2 configuration with γ values of 20° and 30°, a significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbines was observed. Similar to Case 1 configuration, these results are considered to be mainly due to the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits and wake deflection. Finally, in the Case 3 configuration, no significant difference was found in all of the results, and the tendency was almost the same. We show that the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model had almost no effect on the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. We evaluated the total power output of the two turbines. As a result, in the Case 2 configuration with 20° yaw angle, the total power output of the two wind turbine models was the highest due to the increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. In order to investigate the main cause of the significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model at 20° and 30° yaw angles in the Case 2 configuration, we measured the lateral wind speed distribution at the 6D position on the downwind side of the upwind wind turbine model by using the ultrasonic anemometer. As a results, it was clarified that the peak of the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model is clearly shifted away from the downwind turbine such that it experiences a smaller deficit due to wake steering. Also, with wake steering the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits may be smaller due to the reduction in rotor area. Finally, it is ","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"655 - 670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75128904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150443
Mohamed A. Mostafa, E. A. El-Hay, M. Elkholy
The operation of wind power system at optimum power point is a big challenge particularly under uncertainty of wind speed. As a result, it is necessary to install an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for extracting the available maximal power from wind energy conversion system (WECS). Therefore, this paper aims to obtain the optimal values of injected rotor phase voltage for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) to ensure the extraction of peak power from wind turbine under different wind speeds as well as to get the optimal performance of DFIG. A new metaheuristic optimization approach; Driving Training Algorithm (DTA) is used to crop the optimal DFIG rotor voltages. Three different scenarios are presented to have MPPT, the first one is the MPPT with unity stator power factor, the second one is the MPPT with minimum DFIG losses, and the third scenario is MPPT with minimum rotor current to reduce the rating of rotor inverter. The MATLAB environment is used to simulate and study the proposed controller with 2.4 MW wind turbine. The optimum power curve of wind turbine has been estimated to get the reference values of DFIG mechanical power. The results ensured the significance and robust of the proposed controller to have MPPT under different wind speeds. The DTA results are compared with other two well-known optimization algorithms; water cycle algorithm (WCA) and particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to verify the accuracy of results.
{"title":"Optimal maximum power point tracking of wind turbine doubly fed induction generator based on driving training algorithm","authors":"Mohamed A. Mostafa, E. A. El-Hay, M. Elkholy","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221150443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221150443","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of wind power system at optimum power point is a big challenge particularly under uncertainty of wind speed. As a result, it is necessary to install an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for extracting the available maximal power from wind energy conversion system (WECS). Therefore, this paper aims to obtain the optimal values of injected rotor phase voltage for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) to ensure the extraction of peak power from wind turbine under different wind speeds as well as to get the optimal performance of DFIG. A new metaheuristic optimization approach; Driving Training Algorithm (DTA) is used to crop the optimal DFIG rotor voltages. Three different scenarios are presented to have MPPT, the first one is the MPPT with unity stator power factor, the second one is the MPPT with minimum DFIG losses, and the third scenario is MPPT with minimum rotor current to reduce the rating of rotor inverter. The MATLAB environment is used to simulate and study the proposed controller with 2.4 MW wind turbine. The optimum power curve of wind turbine has been estimated to get the reference values of DFIG mechanical power. The results ensured the significance and robust of the proposed controller to have MPPT under different wind speeds. The DTA results are compared with other two well-known optimization algorithms; water cycle algorithm (WCA) and particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to verify the accuracy of results.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"671 - 687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76928157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221147670
Nisha Gnanam, Jamuna Kamaraj
The paper represents a hybrid power system consisting of solar, wind, and Battery sources. The intermittent characteristics of the power system manage the power balance among the generations and load demands. Under these conditions, the system faces high instability. It addresses well-structured PID controllers for the load frequency control in a standalone hybrid microgrid for this problem. The proposed PID controllers offer superior stability. Each Microgrid incorporates the self Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to validate the existing microgrids. The test bed has been validated in real-time in Software in Loop (SIL) depending on OPAL-RT 4500 tool.
{"title":"Real time frequency stabilization of islanded multi-microgrid","authors":"Nisha Gnanam, Jamuna Kamaraj","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221147670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221147670","url":null,"abstract":"The paper represents a hybrid power system consisting of solar, wind, and Battery sources. The intermittent characteristics of the power system manage the power balance among the generations and load demands. Under these conditions, the system faces high instability. It addresses well-structured PID controllers for the load frequency control in a standalone hybrid microgrid for this problem. The proposed PID controllers offer superior stability. Each Microgrid incorporates the self Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to validate the existing microgrids. The test bed has been validated in real-time in Software in Loop (SIL) depending on OPAL-RT 4500 tool.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"639 - 654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84490146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150220
F. Kara
Coupled dynamic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is predicted with in-house ITU-WAVE computational tool. The hydrodynamic parameters are approximated with time marching of boundary integral equation whilst aerodynamic parameters are solved with unsteady blade element momentum method. In addition, forces on FOWT due to mooring lines are predicted with quasi-static analysis whilst hydrodynamic viscous effects are included with Morison equation. FOWT’s blades are considered as an elastic structure whilst tower is considered as a rigid structure. The effects of steady wind speed on surge motion spectrum decrease the spectrum amplitude over wave frequency ranges, but this effect is not significant. The duration of time domain simulation plays significant role in the region of surge and pitch resonant frequencies. The numerical results of in-house ITU-WAVE computational code for eigenfrequencies of blades, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics parameters are validated against other numerical results which shows satisfactory agreements.
{"title":"Coupled dynamic analysis of horizontal axis floating offshore wind turbines with a spar buoy floater","authors":"F. Kara","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221150220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221150220","url":null,"abstract":"Coupled dynamic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is predicted with in-house ITU-WAVE computational tool. The hydrodynamic parameters are approximated with time marching of boundary integral equation whilst aerodynamic parameters are solved with unsteady blade element momentum method. In addition, forces on FOWT due to mooring lines are predicted with quasi-static analysis whilst hydrodynamic viscous effects are included with Morison equation. FOWT’s blades are considered as an elastic structure whilst tower is considered as a rigid structure. The effects of steady wind speed on surge motion spectrum decrease the spectrum amplitude over wave frequency ranges, but this effect is not significant. The duration of time domain simulation plays significant role in the region of surge and pitch resonant frequencies. The numerical results of in-house ITU-WAVE computational code for eigenfrequencies of blades, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics parameters are validated against other numerical results which shows satisfactory agreements.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"607 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221147601
Gazala Rashid, S. A. Lone, M. Mufti
This paper proposes incorporation of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) into hybrid wind-diesel power plant for system frequency and voltage response improvement. The impact of hybrid wind-diesel energy storage systems under various forms of disturbances, such as load disturbance, wind disturbance, wind park disconnection, and step variations in wind is presented and analyzed. The standard IEEE models for different components of hybrid wind diesel power system are considered. Simulations in the time domain are carried out in order to test the performance of proposed system. The positive impact of FESS used in wind-diesel hybrid power system is demonstrated through a series of simulation cases carried for various types of disturbances.
{"title":"Modeling and performance assessment of an isolated wind-diesel system with flywheel energy storage system","authors":"Gazala Rashid, S. A. Lone, M. Mufti","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221147601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221147601","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes incorporation of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) into hybrid wind-diesel power plant for system frequency and voltage response improvement. The impact of hybrid wind-diesel energy storage systems under various forms of disturbances, such as load disturbance, wind disturbance, wind park disconnection, and step variations in wind is presented and analyzed. The standard IEEE models for different components of hybrid wind diesel power system are considered. Simulations in the time domain are carried out in order to test the performance of proposed system. The positive impact of FESS used in wind-diesel hybrid power system is demonstrated through a series of simulation cases carried for various types of disturbances.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"597 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85690050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221142276
P. He, T. Newson
Wind turbines are typically designed based on fatigue and serviceability limit states, but still require an accurate assessment of bearing capacity. Overconsolidated clay deposits in Canada often have a thin layer of crust with a relatively high undrained shear strength. However, existing bearing capacity design methods do not consider surficial crusts. This paper studies the undrained VHMT (vertical, horizontal, moment, and torsional) failure envelope of circular foundations founded on a surficial crust underlain by a uniform soil using finite element analysis. Crust correction factors have been introduced to account for the effects of the stiff layer on the vertical and moment capacities. The same forms of equation that are used for uniform soils, but with different parameters provide satisfactory fits for the failure envelopes for a soil with a crustal layer. An analytical expression for the 4-D VHMT failure envelope is derived, and an application of this method is provided.
{"title":"Undrained capacity of circular shallow foundations on two-layer clays under combined VHMT loading","authors":"P. He, T. Newson","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221142276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221142276","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbines are typically designed based on fatigue and serviceability limit states, but still require an accurate assessment of bearing capacity. Overconsolidated clay deposits in Canada often have a thin layer of crust with a relatively high undrained shear strength. However, existing bearing capacity design methods do not consider surficial crusts. This paper studies the undrained VHMT (vertical, horizontal, moment, and torsional) failure envelope of circular foundations founded on a surficial crust underlain by a uniform soil using finite element analysis. Crust correction factors have been introduced to account for the effects of the stiff layer on the vertical and moment capacities. The same forms of equation that are used for uniform soils, but with different parameters provide satisfactory fits for the failure envelopes for a soil with a crustal layer. An analytical expression for the 4-D VHMT failure envelope is derived, and an application of this method is provided.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"119 1","pages":"579 - 596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86112961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221149476
J. Ma, Fei Liu, Chenggang Xiao, Kairan Wang, Zirui Liu
The evaluation results of wind energy resources directly affect the economic benefits and healthy development of wind farms. Therefore, a high-resolution wind resource assessment method for wind farms based on mesoscale atmospheric model and CFD technology is studied to accurately simulate relevant data of wind resources and improve the assessment effect. The mesoscale WRF numerical model is used to solve the regional data of wind farms and obtain the mesoscale meteorological analysis data. According to the solution results of the mesoscale atmospheric model, the wind speed profile is established, the boundary conditions and initial conditions are extracted, and the CFD micro scale model is input to obtain the wind speed and wind speed frequency at the height of the fan impeller. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of micro scale CFD model, the large eddy simulation method is used to simulate the operation of wind farms. Complete theoretical power generation evaluation based on wind speed, wind speed frequency and generator power. The experimental results show that this method can accurately simulate wind resources and accurately evaluate the theoretical power generation of wind farms. The wind farm is rated as Level 3, and the wind frequency is mainly between 4 and 10 m/s. This method can ensure that the wind farm can generate electricity all year round without damaging the wind speed.
{"title":"High resolution wind resource assessment method based on mesoscale atmospheric model and CFD technology","authors":"J. Ma, Fei Liu, Chenggang Xiao, Kairan Wang, Zirui Liu","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221149476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221149476","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation results of wind energy resources directly affect the economic benefits and healthy development of wind farms. Therefore, a high-resolution wind resource assessment method for wind farms based on mesoscale atmospheric model and CFD technology is studied to accurately simulate relevant data of wind resources and improve the assessment effect. The mesoscale WRF numerical model is used to solve the regional data of wind farms and obtain the mesoscale meteorological analysis data. According to the solution results of the mesoscale atmospheric model, the wind speed profile is established, the boundary conditions and initial conditions are extracted, and the CFD micro scale model is input to obtain the wind speed and wind speed frequency at the height of the fan impeller. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of micro scale CFD model, the large eddy simulation method is used to simulate the operation of wind farms. Complete theoretical power generation evaluation based on wind speed, wind speed frequency and generator power. The experimental results show that this method can accurately simulate wind resources and accurately evaluate the theoretical power generation of wind farms. The wind farm is rated as Level 3, and the wind frequency is mainly between 4 and 10 m/s. This method can ensure that the wind farm can generate electricity all year round without damaging the wind speed.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"627 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85168306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221136541
L. Ramayee, K. Supradeepan
Shrouded wind turbines have the shroud added to the rotor’s circumference, enhancing wind power compared to conventional wind turbines. This article aims to design a shorter aerofoil cross-sectional enclosure for the wind turbine that improves average velocity and reduces drag, duct material volume, and tower load. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the characteristics of shroud alone and shroud with flap using ANSYS Fluent in the operating regime of the small wind turbine. The influence of the shroud’s length-to-diameter L/D ratio and angle on the performance was analyzed using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, and the optimum values were found. Then the analysis was performed by including the flap at the exit of an optimized shroud. The shroud with flap results showed enhanced average velocity, increased mass flow rate, and higher drag forces than a single long shroud. In order to reduce the drag coefficient, the enclosure geometrical parameters were analyzed using the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. The results show that the shroud L/D ratio significantly affects the average velocity. Moreover, the optimum combination was found as shroud L/D ratio=0.4, shroud angle=9°, flap L/D ratio=0.2, flap angle=16°, and radial distance of 0.2R. The proposed combination helps to get an acceleration factor of 1.78, a drag coefficient of 1.84, and a material volume of 0.7×10−3 m3. It was found that the optimal ratio of shroud L/D could be between 0.3 and 0.6, resulting in a higher acceleration factor, lower material volume, and shorter length. The drag forces acting in the shroud alone and shroud with flap were studied by analyzing the forces in every section. The results show that the negative drag force acts in the shroud’s inner leading edge.
{"title":"Numerical study on flow characteristics of shroud with and without flap for wind turbine applications","authors":"L. Ramayee, K. Supradeepan","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221136541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221136541","url":null,"abstract":"Shrouded wind turbines have the shroud added to the rotor’s circumference, enhancing wind power compared to conventional wind turbines. This article aims to design a shorter aerofoil cross-sectional enclosure for the wind turbine that improves average velocity and reduces drag, duct material volume, and tower load. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the characteristics of shroud alone and shroud with flap using ANSYS Fluent in the operating regime of the small wind turbine. The influence of the shroud’s length-to-diameter L/D ratio and angle on the performance was analyzed using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, and the optimum values were found. Then the analysis was performed by including the flap at the exit of an optimized shroud. The shroud with flap results showed enhanced average velocity, increased mass flow rate, and higher drag forces than a single long shroud. In order to reduce the drag coefficient, the enclosure geometrical parameters were analyzed using the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. The results show that the shroud L/D ratio significantly affects the average velocity. Moreover, the optimum combination was found as shroud L/D ratio=0.4, shroud angle=9°, flap L/D ratio=0.2, flap angle=16°, and radial distance of 0.2R. The proposed combination helps to get an acceleration factor of 1.78, a drag coefficient of 1.84, and a material volume of 0.7×10−3 m3. It was found that the optimal ratio of shroud L/D could be between 0.3 and 0.6, resulting in a higher acceleration factor, lower material volume, and shorter length. The drag forces acting in the shroud alone and shroud with flap were studied by analyzing the forces in every section. The results show that the negative drag force acts in the shroud’s inner leading edge.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"546 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87361812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221124059
Patri Venkata Sesha Sudha Arundathi Parimala, D. Sharma, R. Mathew
In recent years, renewable energy generation, storage, and transmission has been the focus of research. Extraction of power from renewable energy sources is increasing rapidly. Progressively more wind farms are being fastened to the power grid. Large-scale merging of wind farms into electrical power grid presents a few challenges like voltage stability, system operation and control, and power quality due to usage of power electronic converters presenting a major bottleneck. This paper elucidates various types of wind power plant technologies, consequences of power electronic converters and reviews various types of system strength determination methods.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on the advances in renewable wind power technology","authors":"Patri Venkata Sesha Sudha Arundathi Parimala, D. Sharma, R. Mathew","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221124059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221124059","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, renewable energy generation, storage, and transmission has been the focus of research. Extraction of power from renewable energy sources is increasing rapidly. Progressively more wind farms are being fastened to the power grid. Large-scale merging of wind farms into electrical power grid presents a few challenges like voltage stability, system operation and control, and power quality due to usage of power electronic converters presenting a major bottleneck. This paper elucidates various types of wind power plant technologies, consequences of power electronic converters and reviews various types of system strength determination methods.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"712 1","pages":"442 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78725624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221109512
Mourad Yessef, B. Bossoufi, M. Taoussi, A. Lagrioui, Hamid Chojaa
The design of robust and precise control of obtaining maximum power yield is an important area of research in wind engineering. In the context of maximizing the amount of power extraction in wind energy conversion systems (WECS), this research work proposes and evaluates five MPPT algorithms. These types are respectively a proportional integral controller (PI), a non-linear control based on sliding modes (SMC), a backstepping approach (BSC), a control using artificial intelligence based on neural network (ANNC), and a fuzzy logic control (FLC). Two different wind profiles, a step wind profile and a real wind profile, were considered for the comparative study. The response time, dynamic error percentage, and static error percentage were the quantitative parameters compared, and the qualitative parameters included set-point tracking and precision. This test demonstrated the superiority of the ANNC controller with an error static that not exceed 0.39% and a response time ~0.0024 seconds.
{"title":"Overview of control strategies for wind turbines: ANNC, FLC, SMC, BSC, and PI controllers","authors":"Mourad Yessef, B. Bossoufi, M. Taoussi, A. Lagrioui, Hamid Chojaa","doi":"10.1177/0309524X221109512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221109512","url":null,"abstract":"The design of robust and precise control of obtaining maximum power yield is an important area of research in wind engineering. In the context of maximizing the amount of power extraction in wind energy conversion systems (WECS), this research work proposes and evaluates five MPPT algorithms. These types are respectively a proportional integral controller (PI), a non-linear control based on sliding modes (SMC), a backstepping approach (BSC), a control using artificial intelligence based on neural network (ANNC), and a fuzzy logic control (FLC). Two different wind profiles, a step wind profile and a real wind profile, were considered for the comparative study. The response time, dynamic error percentage, and static error percentage were the quantitative parameters compared, and the qualitative parameters included set-point tracking and precision. This test demonstrated the superiority of the ANNC controller with an error static that not exceed 0.39% and a response time ~0.0024 seconds.","PeriodicalId":51570,"journal":{"name":"Wind Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"1820 - 1837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82289703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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