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Computational investigation and validation of new MEXICO experiment 新 MEXICO 实验的计算调查与验证
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x241229169
Mujahid Shaik, Balaji Subramanian
A computational investigation of New MEXICO test cases operating under axial flow conditions is reported. Three wind speed cases (10, 15, 24 m/s) corresponding to three different tip speed ratios (10, 6.67, 4.17) when the turbine operates at 425.1 rpm were considered. ANSYS CFX 2021R1 was employed to perform simulations using Single Reference Frame (SRF) and Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approaches. The flow field is computed by solving unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (uRANS) equations coupled with SST k-ω turbulence model and Gamma-Theta transition model. Validation involved comparing CFD-predicted integral quantities, static pressure distributions, and loads with corresponding experimental values demonstrating reasonably good agreement at all three wind speeds. Overall, SRF exhibited slightly better wake predictions (hypothetical), while MRF predictions were closer to measurements for integral quantities, static pressure and loads. This study demonstrates the utility of uRANS-based 3D CFD computations in wind turbine aerodynamics studies.
报告对在轴向流条件下运行的 New MEXICO 试验案例进行了计算研究。考虑了三种风速情况(10、15、24 m/s),对应于涡轮机在 425.1 rpm 转速下运行时的三种不同转速比(10、6.67、4.17)。ANSYS CFX 2021R1 采用单参考框架 (SRF) 和多参考框架 (MRF) 方法进行模拟。流场是通过求解与 SST k-ω 湍流模型和 Gamma-Theta 过渡模型耦合的非稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(uRANS)方程计算得出的。验证工作包括将 CFD 预测的积分量、静压分布和载荷与相应的实验值进行比较,结果表明在所有三种风速下两者的一致性都相当好。总体而言,SRF 的尾流预测(假设)稍好,而 MRF 的积分量、静压和载荷预测更接近测量值。这项研究证明了基于 uRANS 的三维 CFD 计算在风机空气动力学研究中的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Study on engineering and aesthetic design in shape determination of wind turbine 风力涡轮机形状确定中的工程与美学设计研究
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231225185
Toru Nagao, Atsushi Ichijo
This study discusses the importance of wind turbine design in achieving social acceptance. It examines the factors that determine the shape of wind turbines from two perspectives: engineering and aesthetics. Using the development of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization wind turbines for remote islands in Okinawa as an example, in collaboration with an aircraft manufacturer. This study explores the differences and issues between two aspects, namely engineering design and aesthetic design, and proposes solutions. The following conclusions were drawn regarding achieving an integrated and aesthetically pleasing shape: (1) Engineering and aesthetic designs employ different methods and criteria for shaping a product. (2) Respecting the methodologies and processes of both disciplines and engaging in early-stage discussions on design concepts and approaches can facilitate smooth development. (3) It is recommended to integrate the design processes of engineering and visual tasks and proceed concurrently under the same operational system.
本研究讨论了风力涡轮机设计在获得社会认可方面的重要性。它从工程学和美学两个角度探讨了决定风力涡轮机形状的因素。以新能源和工业技术开发组织与飞机制造商合作为冲绳偏远岛屿开发风力涡轮机为例。本研究探讨了工程设计和美学设计两个方面的差异和问题,并提出了解决方案。在实现一体化和美观的外形方面,得出了以下结论:(1) 工程设计和美学设计采用不同的方法和标准来塑造产品。(2) 尊重两个学科的方法和流程,并在早期阶段就设计概念和方法进行讨论,可促进顺利开发。(3) 建议将工程设计和视觉任务的设计过程结合起来,在同一操作系统下同时进行。
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引用次数: 0
Study on engineering and aesthetic design in shape determination of wind turbine 风力涡轮机形状确定中的工程与美学设计研究
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231225185
Toru Nagao, Atsushi Ichijo
This study discusses the importance of wind turbine design in achieving social acceptance. It examines the factors that determine the shape of wind turbines from two perspectives: engineering and aesthetics. Using the development of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization wind turbines for remote islands in Okinawa as an example, in collaboration with an aircraft manufacturer. This study explores the differences and issues between two aspects, namely engineering design and aesthetic design, and proposes solutions. The following conclusions were drawn regarding achieving an integrated and aesthetically pleasing shape: (1) Engineering and aesthetic designs employ different methods and criteria for shaping a product. (2) Respecting the methodologies and processes of both disciplines and engaging in early-stage discussions on design concepts and approaches can facilitate smooth development. (3) It is recommended to integrate the design processes of engineering and visual tasks and proceed concurrently under the same operational system.
本研究讨论了风力涡轮机设计在获得社会认可方面的重要性。它从工程学和美学两个角度探讨了决定风力涡轮机形状的因素。以新能源和工业技术开发组织与飞机制造商合作为冲绳偏远岛屿开发风力涡轮机为例。本研究探讨了工程设计和美学设计两个方面的差异和问题,并提出了解决方案。在实现一体化和美观的外形方面,得出了以下结论:(1) 工程设计和美学设计采用不同的方法和标准来塑造产品。(2) 尊重两个学科的方法和流程,并在早期阶段就设计概念和方法进行讨论,可促进顺利开发。(3) 建议将工程设计和视觉任务的设计过程结合起来,在同一操作系统下同时进行。
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引用次数: 0
Research of asymmetric airfoil on aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbines 非对称翼面对垂直轴风力涡轮机气动特性的影响研究
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231222646
Zhen Huang, Haipeng Wang, Yang Li, Hong Shi
Asymmetric airfoils are commonly used in horizontal axis wind turbines, while symmetrical airfoils are currently the focal point of the researches for most vertical axis wind turbines’ airfoils studies. The purpose of this paper is to research the influence of asymmetric airfoils on the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines. The influence of asymmetric airfoils on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbines is investigated by numerical simulation method. The symmetric airfoils are chosen as NACA0021, while the asymmetric airfoils are chosen as DU97-W-300. Single-blade, 3-blade, different tip speed ratios, and three wind speeds (7, 8, 9 m/s) are set as the parameters. The wind turbine with symmetric airfoils performed better aerodynamically at high tip speed ratios, whereas the wind turbine with asymmetric airfoils performs well at low tip speed ratios. The wind turbine with asymmetric airfoils has outstanding start ability at low wind speeds.
非对称翼面通常用于水平轴风力涡轮机,而对称翼面是目前大多数垂直轴风力涡轮机翼面研究的重点。本文旨在研究非对称翼面对垂直轴风力发电机气动性能的影响。本文采用数值模拟方法研究了非对称翼面对垂直轴风力发电机气动特性的影响。对称翼面选用 NACA0021,非对称翼面选用 DU97-W-300。参数设置为单叶、三叶、不同的翼尖速比和三种风速(7、8、9 m/s)。采用对称翼面的风力涡轮机在高叶尖速度比时气动性能更好,而采用非对称翼面的风力涡轮机在低叶尖速度比时气动性能良好。采用非对称翼面的风力涡轮机在低风速下具有出色的启动能力。
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引用次数: 0
Medium-term wind power forecasting using reduced principal component analysis based random forest model 使用基于简化主成分分析的随机森林模型进行中期风电预测
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231217912
Jannet Jamii, Mohamed Trabelsi, Majdi Mansouri, A. Kouadri, Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni, M. Nounou
Due to its dependence on weather conditions, wind power (WP) forecasting has become a challenge for grid operators. Indeed, the dispatcher needs to predict the WP generation to apply the appropriate energy management strategies. To achieve an accurate WP forecasting, it is important to choose the appropriate input data (weather data). To this end, a medium-term wind power forecasting using reduced principal component analysis (RKPCA) based Random Forest Model is proposed in this paper. Two-stage WP forecasting model is developed. In the first stage, a Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and reduced KPCA (RKPCA)-based data pre-processing techniques are applied to select and extract the important input data features (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity). The main idea behind the RKPCA technique is to use Euclidean distance for reducing the number of observations in the training data set to overcome the problem of computation time and storage costs of the conventional KPCA in the feature extraction phase. In the second stage, a Random Forest (RF) algorithm is proposed to predict the WP for medium-term. To evaluate the performance of the proposed RKPCA-RF technique it has been applied to data extracted from NOAA’S Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) network at Bondville station, located in USA. The presented results show that the proposed RKPCA-RF technique achieved more accurate results than the state-of-the-art methodologies in terms of RMSE (0.09), MAE (0.23), and R2 (0.85). In addition, the proposed technique achieved the lowest overall computation time (CPU).
由于风力发电(WP)对天气条件的依赖性,风力发电预测已成为电网运营商面临的一项挑战。事实上,调度员需要预测风力发电量,以便采用适当的能源管理策略。要实现准确的风电预测,选择合适的输入数据(天气数据)非常重要。为此,本文提出了一种使用基于还原主成分分析(RKPCA)的随机森林模型进行中期风电预测的方法。该模型分为两个阶段。在第一阶段,应用基于核主成分分析(KPCA)和还原主成分分析(RKPCA)的数据预处理技术来选择和提取重要的输入数据特征(风速、风向、温度、气压和相对湿度)。RKPCA 技术的主要思想是利用欧氏距离减少训练数据集中的观测值数量,以克服传统 KPCA 在特征提取阶段的计算时间和存储成本问题。在第二阶段,提出了一种随机森林(RF)算法来预测中期可湿性粉剂。为了评估所提出的 RKPCA-RF 技术的性能,我们将其应用于从位于美国 Bondville 站的 NOAA 地表辐射(SURFRAD)网络中提取的数据。结果表明,就 RMSE(0.09)、MAE(0.23)和 R2(0.85)而言,所提出的 RKPCA-RF 技术比最先进的方法取得了更精确的结果。此外,该技术的总体计算时间(CPU)也是最低的。
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引用次数: 0
Wind turbine performance enhancement with minimal structural load penalty: A design philosophy 以最小的结构荷载损失提高风力涡轮机的性能:设计理念
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231212565
Vijay Matheswaran, Patrick J. Moriarty
The performance benefits of using tip devices on wind turbines has been well-documented. However, previous studies show that adding blade tip devices such as winglets leads to a significant increase in blade root bending moment, potentially requiring structural reinforcement with cost and weight drawbacks. A new and unique design philosophy for retrofit blade tip devices for wind turbines is presented. By balancing generated aerodynamic and centrifugal loads, these devices offer an increase in power production without the need for structural reinforcement. Predicted performance and cost benefits of using retrofit blade tip devices on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW reference wind turbine are shown. The addition of blade tip devices resulted in significant improvements in the coefficient of power ( Cp) and annual energy production (AEP).
在风力涡轮机上使用叶尖装置的性能优势已得到充分证实。然而,以往的研究表明,加装小翼等叶尖装置会导致叶片根部弯矩显著增加,可能需要进行结构加固,从而带来成本和重量方面的不利因素。本文介绍了一种新颖独特的风力涡轮机叶尖加装装置设计理念。通过平衡产生的空气动力和离心载荷,这些装置可提高发电量,而无需进行结构加固。图中显示了在国家可再生能源实验室 5 兆瓦参考风力涡轮机上使用改造型叶尖装置的预测性能和成本效益。加装叶尖装置后,功率系数(Cp)和年发电量(AEP)显著提高。
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引用次数: 0
Design, implementation, and experimental validation of a new low-cost sensorless wind turbine emulator: Applications for small-scale turbines 新型低成本无传感器风力涡轮机模拟器的设计、实施和实验验证:小型涡轮机的应用
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231225776
Hashim Alnami, Sid Ahmed El Mehdi Ardjoun, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud
Research and investigation into renewable energy sources is being sparked by the rapidly rising need for electricity, higher costs of fossil fuels, and increasing worries about the environment. Recent years have seen a tremendous increase in the use of wind energy (WE). In-depth study has been done to effectively produce power from WE. Nevertheless, it is exceedingly challenging and dangerous to set up wind turbines (WTs) for research and teaching uses due to constraints like space and upkeep. Numerous benefits come with a lab-scale WT emulator (WTE), such as freedom from space restrictions, an improved level of control, and independence from existing weather conditions. The design and execution of a low-power, lab-scale WTE are the focus of this study. The investigated experimental configuration is intended to precisely mimic the mechanical behavior of a real WT. Aerodynamics, blades, slow shafts, gearboxes, and controller elements, for example, are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink before they are assembled and implemented on a dSPACE 1104 board. A DC motor running under buck converter control is used to substitute the quick shaft. The WTE’s functionality is evaluated in various wind speed conditions. The findings of comparing the WTE’s dynamics with those offered by the manufacturer amply show the efficacy of the proposed WTE and its capacity to take the position of an actual WT. This paper will be a useful resource for investigators in helping them select the best WTE approach for their purposes.
由于对电力的需求急剧增加、化石燃料成本上升以及对环境的日益担忧,人们开始对可再生能源进行研究和调查。近年来,风能(WE)的使用大幅增加。人们对如何有效利用风能发电进行了深入研究。然而,由于空间和维护等方面的限制,将风力涡轮机(WT)用于研究和教学用途具有极大的挑战性和危险性。实验室规模的风力涡轮机仿真器(WTE)有许多好处,如不受空间限制、提高控制水平以及不受现有天气条件的影响。本研究的重点是低功耗实验室规模 WTE 的设计和实施。所研究的实验配置旨在精确模拟真实 WT 的机械行为。例如,空气动力学、叶片、慢速轴、齿轮箱和控制器元件都是在 MATLAB/Simulink 中建模的,然后在 dSPACE 1104 电路板上组装和实施。在降压转换器控制下运行的直流电机用于替代快轴。在各种风速条件下对 WTE 的功能进行了评估。将 WTE 的动态效果与制造商提供的动态效果进行比较的结果充分显示了所建议的 WTE 的功效及其取代实际 WT 位置的能力。本文将成为研究人员的有用资源,帮助他们选择最适合其目的的 WTE 方法。
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引用次数: 0
Forecast of wind speed based on MLP network model using Levenberg Marquardt and gradient descent algorithms in Tetouan city, Northern Morocco 使用 Levenberg Marquardt 和梯度下降算法,基于 MLP 网络模型预测摩洛哥北部德图安市的风速
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231215812
Wissal Masmoudi, Abdelouahed Djebli
This study aims to find the most powerful algorithm between LM and GD, applying them to the multilayer neural network (MLP) to predict the wind speed of the city of Tetouan. To achieve this we will use the meteorological data of this city from 31/07/2017 to 31/08/2022. The MLP adopted for our study is composed of two hidden layers, 30 neurons in the first layer and 15 in the second, 7 inputs and one output. The data is divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing. The results obtained showed that the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm is more efficient than the gradient descent (GD) algorithm with a correlation coefficient R = 0.988102 and a mean square error MSE = 0. 0458. These results will allow us to accurately predict the wind speed of August for the year 2022 in this city.
本研究旨在找出 LM 和 GD 之间最强大的算法,并将其应用于多层神经网络 (MLP),以预测特图安市的风速。为此,我们将使用该市从 2017 年 7 月 31 日至 2022 年 8 月 31 日的气象数据。我们的研究采用的 MLP 由两个隐藏层组成,第一层有 30 个神经元,第二层有 15 个神经元,7 个输入和 1 个输出。数据分为 80% 用于训练,20% 用于测试。结果显示,Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法比梯度下降(GD)算法更有效,相关系数 R = 0.988102,均方误差 MSE = 0.0458。这些结果将使我们能够准确预测该城市 2022 年 8 月的风速。
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引用次数: 0
A wind speed interval prediction method for reducing noise uncertainty 减少噪声不确定性的风速区间预测方法
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231217262
Kun Li, Yayu Liu, Ying Han
Due to the noise uncertainty, the conventional point prediction model is difficult to describe the actual characteristics of wind speed and lacks a description of the wind speed fluctuation range. In this paper, the kernel density estimation according to its error value is given, and then its fluctuation range is found to combine the prediction results of the test set to get its prediction range. Firstly, the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is introduced to conduct the noise reduction, and variational modal decomposition (VMD) is performed to handle the sequences, then an improved slime mold algorithm (SMA) is proposed to optimize the VMD, and the stochastic configuration networks (SCNs) is applied to perform the prediction. Finally, the interval prediction results are calculated by fusing the point prediction error and kernel density estimation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the noise interference in the wind speed prediction.
由于噪声的不确定性,传统的点预测模型难以描述风速的实际特性,缺乏对风速波动范围的描述。本文根据其误差值给出核密度估计,然后结合测试集的预测结果求出其波动范围,从而得到其预测范围。首先,引入奇异谱分析(SSA)进行降噪,并进行变模态分解(VMD)来处理序列,然后提出改进的粘模算法(SMA)来优化 VMD,并应用随机配置网络(SCN)进行预测。最后,通过融合点预测误差和核密度估计计算出区间预测结果。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能有效降低风速预测中的噪声干扰。
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引用次数: 0
Extended state observer-based primary load frequency controller for power systems with ultra-high wind-energy penetration 基于扩展状态观测器的一次负载频率控制器,适用于风能渗透率超高的电力系统
IF 1.5 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/0309524x231221242
Tummala Slv Ayyarao, Ramakrishna S. S. Nuvvula, Polamarasetty P. Kumar, Ilhami Colak, Hasan Koten, Ahmed Ali, Baseem Khan
In this paper, a novel extended state observer-based (ESO) load frequency control is implemented. Specifically, the proposed control law focuses on the incorporation of wind energy injection as one of the disturbances, treating it as an additional state within the system. The proposed ESO is designed to estimate both the system states and the net disturbance, thereby enhancing its ability to regulate the overall load frequency performance. The proposed control strategy hinges on the judicious selection of control gains and disturbance gain. The estimated disturbance is then effectively compensated to regulate the load frequency. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed controller, tests are conducted on both single and three area systems. The results demonstrate superior performance, even under conditions involving load and parameter variations.
本文实现了一种新颖的基于扩展状态观测器(ESO)的负载频率控制。具体来说,所提出的控制法则侧重于将风能注入作为扰动之一,将其视为系统内的附加状态。拟议的 ESO 设计用于估算系统状态和净干扰,从而增强其调节整体负载频率性能的能力。建议的控制策略取决于对控制增益和干扰增益的明智选择。然后对估计的干扰进行有效补偿,以调节负载频率。为了评估所提出的控制器的功效,对单区和三区系统进行了测试。结果表明,即使在涉及负载和参数变化的条件下,也能实现卓越的性能。
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引用次数: 0
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Wind Engineering
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