Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.1177/15570851221101144
Joselyne L. Chenane, Melissa S. Morabito, T. Gonzales
We explored how highly educated and middle-class Kenyan female immigrants perceive their encounters with the police in the United States, including the decision to access the criminal justice system in response to their victimization. We found a positive correlation between perceptions of procedural justice and cooperation among Kenyan women immigrants. Conversely, prior victimization was inversely associated with help-seeking among these women. When Kenyan female immigrants perceived high police effectiveness in dealing with IPV, they were more likely to feel obligated to obey the U.S. police. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Perceptions of Police Among Kenyan Female Immigrants in the United States","authors":"Joselyne L. Chenane, Melissa S. Morabito, T. Gonzales","doi":"10.1177/15570851221101144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851221101144","url":null,"abstract":"We explored how highly educated and middle-class Kenyan female immigrants perceive their encounters with the police in the United States, including the decision to access the criminal justice system in response to their victimization. We found a positive correlation between perceptions of procedural justice and cooperation among Kenyan women immigrants. Conversely, prior victimization was inversely associated with help-seeking among these women. When Kenyan female immigrants perceived high police effectiveness in dealing with IPV, they were more likely to feel obligated to obey the U.S. police. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"587 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1177/15570851221098374
E. Banks
Black mothers have never fit the hegemonic white standard of motherhood. The bad mother narrative has been superimposed on Black women through controlling images. Through in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated Black mothers, I demonstrate how formerly incarcerated Black women invert controlling images through how they frame their mothering choices. Their reframing of their mothering choices reveals that formerly incarcerated Black mothers have mothering practices that entail good mothering and goes beyond the white imaginary. These mothering practices reveal a redefinition of motherhood that provides greater understanding of how formerly incarcerated Black mothers understand and make sense of their mothering choices.
{"title":"Redefining Motherhood: How Formerly Incarcerated Black Mothers Frame Mothering Choices","authors":"E. Banks","doi":"10.1177/15570851221098374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851221098374","url":null,"abstract":"Black mothers have never fit the hegemonic white standard of motherhood. The bad mother narrative has been superimposed on Black women through controlling images. Through in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated Black mothers, I demonstrate how formerly incarcerated Black women invert controlling images through how they frame their mothering choices. Their reframing of their mothering choices reveals that formerly incarcerated Black mothers have mothering practices that entail good mothering and goes beyond the white imaginary. These mothering practices reveal a redefinition of motherhood that provides greater understanding of how formerly incarcerated Black mothers understand and make sense of their mothering choices.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"450 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44625511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1177/15570851221088357
Tara N. Richards, C. Rennison
Robust research focuses on the prevalence and consequences of gender-based violence (i.e., sexual harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence, and stalking; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020) at institutions of higher education (IHEs) or sexual misconduct in university speak. More recently, scholars have turned their attention to examining the role of Title IX in addressing sexual misconduct and how IHEs’ policies and practices under Title IX do or do not serve complainants (i.e., alleged victims), respondents (i.e., alleged perpetrators), and the overall campus community. At IHEs, when an alleged incident of sexual misconduct is reported to a Title IX coordinator a common expectation is that (1) the report will result in a formal complaint of a policy violation and (2) be investigated by the Title IX coordinator; (3) that a hearing panel will then determine whether the respondent or respondents violated the IHE’s policy as outlined in the formal complaint, and (4) if a policy violation is found, sanctions will be levied against the responsible party or parties. In practice, however, most reported incidents of sexual misconduct do not result in a formal Title IX complaint and investigation, and many investigated incidents do not result in a finding of a policy violation or sanction (Rennison, 2018; Richards, 2019; Richards et al., 2021). For example, in 2018–2019, across 209 institutions of higher education in New York, only 769 (20%) of the 3829 incidents reported to a Title IX coordinator resulted in a formal complaint and investigation and 412 investigated cases resulted in a policy violation and sanction (Richards et al., 2021). This significant attrition of reported
强有力的研究侧重于基于性别的暴力(即性骚扰、性侵犯、约会暴力、家庭暴力和跟踪)的流行程度和后果;疾病控制与预防中心，2020年)在高等教育机构(IHEs)或大学性行为不端发言。最近，学者们将注意力转向研究第九条在解决性行为不端方面的作用，以及第九条规定的高等教育机构的政策和做法如何为投诉人(即所谓的受害者)、被调查者(即所谓的肇事者)和整个校园社区服务。在高等教育学院，当向第九条协调员报告涉嫌性行为不端事件时，通常的期望是:(1)该报告将导致对违反政策的正式投诉;(2)由第九条协调员进行调查;(3)聆讯小组随后会决定被投诉人是否违反了正式投诉书所述的高等教育委员会的政策;以及(4)如发现有违反政策的情况，会对负责的一方或多方施加制裁。然而，在实践中，大多数报告的性行为不端事件并没有导致正式的第九条投诉和调查，许多调查的事件也没有导致违反政策的发现或制裁(Rennison, 2018;理查兹,2019;Richards et al.， 2021)。例如，在2018-2019年，在纽约的209所高等教育机构中，向第九条协调员报告的3829起事件中，只有769起(20%)导致正式投诉和调查，412起调查案件导致政策违规和制裁(Richards et al.， 2021)。这一显著的减员报告
{"title":"Title IX and Yellow Zone Behavior: An Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Tara N. Richards, C. Rennison","doi":"10.1177/15570851221088357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851221088357","url":null,"abstract":"Robust research focuses on the prevalence and consequences of gender-based violence (i.e., sexual harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence, and stalking; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020) at institutions of higher education (IHEs) or sexual misconduct in university speak. More recently, scholars have turned their attention to examining the role of Title IX in addressing sexual misconduct and how IHEs’ policies and practices under Title IX do or do not serve complainants (i.e., alleged victims), respondents (i.e., alleged perpetrators), and the overall campus community. At IHEs, when an alleged incident of sexual misconduct is reported to a Title IX coordinator a common expectation is that (1) the report will result in a formal complaint of a policy violation and (2) be investigated by the Title IX coordinator; (3) that a hearing panel will then determine whether the respondent or respondents violated the IHE’s policy as outlined in the formal complaint, and (4) if a policy violation is found, sanctions will be levied against the responsible party or parties. In practice, however, most reported incidents of sexual misconduct do not result in a formal Title IX complaint and investigation, and many investigated incidents do not result in a finding of a policy violation or sanction (Rennison, 2018; Richards, 2019; Richards et al., 2021). For example, in 2018–2019, across 209 institutions of higher education in New York, only 769 (20%) of the 3829 incidents reported to a Title IX coordinator resulted in a formal complaint and investigation and 412 investigated cases resulted in a policy violation and sanction (Richards et al., 2021). This significant attrition of reported","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"315 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42739492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1177/15570851221077673
C. Carroll
The high rate of attrition in the processing of sexual violence cases within the criminal justice system has been framed as a “justice gap,” an institutional failure to get justice for victim-survivors. In this article, I analyze the processing of rape cases in the Swedish criminal justice system, one with a particularly high attrition rate. Drawing upon interviews with criminal justice professionals, I illuminate the inadequacy of the justice gap as a measure of victim-centered justice. Through policy reforms, the Swedish criminal justice system has instituted victim-centered practices that offer victim-survivors alternative forms of justice without increasing the prosecution rate.
{"title":"Reinvestigating the Sexual Violence “Justice Gap” in the Swedish Criminal Justice System: Victim-Centered Alternatives to the Criminal Trial","authors":"C. Carroll","doi":"10.1177/15570851221077673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851221077673","url":null,"abstract":"The high rate of attrition in the processing of sexual violence cases within the criminal justice system has been framed as a “justice gap,” an institutional failure to get justice for victim-survivors. In this article, I analyze the processing of rape cases in the Swedish criminal justice system, one with a particularly high attrition rate. Drawing upon interviews with criminal justice professionals, I illuminate the inadequacy of the justice gap as a measure of victim-centered justice. Through policy reforms, the Swedish criminal justice system has instituted victim-centered practices that offer victim-survivors alternative forms of justice without increasing the prosecution rate.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"18 1","pages":"45 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46674007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-30DOI: 10.1177/15570851211066107
Blake Beaton, N. Todak, John A. Shjarback
While research has identified four main police supervisory styles, it is unclear whether the framework accurately represents the supervisory styles of women. We explored the benefits of promoting women in policing and examined their supervisory styles, drawing on interviews with 38 ranking women. Participants attributed three benefits to promoting women – diversity, people-orientation, and conscientiousness. All 34 who described their supervisory style fell into one of the four previously identified categories. Most common was innovative (50%), then supportive (32%), traditional (12%), and active (6%). We link findings to calls for gender diversity up the ranks of law enforcement.
{"title":"The Benefits and Supervisory Styles of Women Police Leaders","authors":"Blake Beaton, N. Todak, John A. Shjarback","doi":"10.1177/15570851211066107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211066107","url":null,"abstract":"While research has identified four main police supervisory styles, it is unclear whether the framework accurately represents the supervisory styles of women. We explored the benefits of promoting women in policing and examined their supervisory styles, drawing on interviews with 38 ranking women. Participants attributed three benefits to promoting women – diversity, people-orientation, and conscientiousness. All 34 who described their supervisory style fell into one of the four previously identified categories. Most common was innovative (50%), then supportive (32%), traditional (12%), and active (6%). We link findings to calls for gender diversity up the ranks of law enforcement.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"619 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1177/15570851211064831
Kayla M. Hoskins
Women’s agency to construct prosocial lives remains understudied in criminology. This qualitative inquiry explores the nature and outcomes of women’s personal projects, which reflect their agency. In up to five interviews, 401 women on probation and parole explained efforts to improve their lives. Psychological theory on personal projects guided analysis that revealed information on project meaning and facilitators and barriers to project pursuit. Women shared a motivation to avoid trouble and establish prosocial lives. Outcomes were improved by social support and prosocial opportunities. Findings have implications for defining and analyzing agency in desistance research and for correctional responses to women.
{"title":"“I’m Going to be Successful Someday”: Women’s Personal Projects to Improve Their Lives, and Implications for Clarifying the Nature of Agency in Criminological Theories of Desistance","authors":"Kayla M. Hoskins","doi":"10.1177/15570851211064831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211064831","url":null,"abstract":"Women’s agency to construct prosocial lives remains understudied in criminology. This qualitative inquiry explores the nature and outcomes of women’s personal projects, which reflect their agency. In up to five interviews, 401 women on probation and parole explained efforts to improve their lives. Psychological theory on personal projects guided analysis that revealed information on project meaning and facilitators and barriers to project pursuit. Women shared a motivation to avoid trouble and establish prosocial lives. Outcomes were improved by social support and prosocial opportunities. Findings have implications for defining and analyzing agency in desistance research and for correctional responses to women.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"185 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062577
Francine Banner, L. Martin, Pamela Aronson, Grace Bradley, Islam Jaffal, Maureen Linker
This paper describes challenges to changing the culture around yellow zone sexual harassment in the higher education workplace. The yellow zone comprises harassment that is often undetected or misunderstood but nonetheless is harmful. Based on a random sample, we surveyed 4554 staff and faculty at a large Midwestern university after they completed a mandatory online training module, assessing perceptions of sexual harassment, reactions to the training, and workplace personal experiences. Findings are that a majority of respondents know where to report incidents and that the training improved knowledge about sexual and gender-based harassment. However, almost half reported problematic workplace experiences.
{"title":"Can Respectful Employees Create Equitable Institutions? Promoting a Culture of Respect in the Higher Education Workplace","authors":"Francine Banner, L. Martin, Pamela Aronson, Grace Bradley, Islam Jaffal, Maureen Linker","doi":"10.1177/15570851211062577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211062577","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes challenges to changing the culture around yellow zone sexual harassment in the higher education workplace. The yellow zone comprises harassment that is often undetected or misunderstood but nonetheless is harmful. Based on a random sample, we surveyed 4554 staff and faculty at a large Midwestern university after they completed a mandatory online training module, assessing perceptions of sexual harassment, reactions to the training, and workplace personal experiences. Findings are that a majority of respondents know where to report incidents and that the training improved knowledge about sexual and gender-based harassment. However, almost half reported problematic workplace experiences.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"384 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46376629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.1177/15570851211065900
Linsey A. Belisle, Emily J. Salisbury, J. Keen
The current study is an outcome evaluation of the gender-responsive program, Girls...Moving On (GMO). Outcomes for treatment (n = 135) and control group (n = 135) participants reflected mixed findings, with no significant reductions in recidivism, which may have been due to problems with implementation. Nevertheless, girls who completed the program had significantly larger reductions in risk scores and increases in strength scores compare to non-completers, but little to no differences in recidivism. Additionally, GMO completers showed improvements in self-efficacy scores. Several implications and considerations regarding the outcomes are discussed to guide future gender-responsive programs for system-impacted girls.
{"title":"Did They Move on? An Outcome Evaluation of the Gender-Responsive Program, Girls...Moving On","authors":"Linsey A. Belisle, Emily J. Salisbury, J. Keen","doi":"10.1177/15570851211065900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211065900","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is an outcome evaluation of the gender-responsive program, Girls...Moving On (GMO). Outcomes for treatment (n = 135) and control group (n = 135) participants reflected mixed findings, with no significant reductions in recidivism, which may have been due to problems with implementation. Nevertheless, girls who completed the program had significantly larger reductions in risk scores and increases in strength scores compare to non-completers, but little to no differences in recidivism. Additionally, GMO completers showed improvements in self-efficacy scores. Several implications and considerations regarding the outcomes are discussed to guide future gender-responsive programs for system-impacted girls.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"223 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47266606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062643
Shauntey James, Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin
Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) have used restorative justice (RJ) to address sexual misconduct on college campuses under Title IX. In 2020, Title IX guidance was codified. The application of RJ under the new policy may create procedural and distributive justice issues. This article (1) defines the new policy; (2) explores suitability of RJ to sexual misconduct and specifically yellow zone behavior under the new policy; (3) discusses justice for the various stakeholders under the guise of advantages and disadvantages; and (4) makes recommendations to strengthen the choice of either implementing or not implementing restorative justice.
{"title":"Campus Sexual Violence and Title IX: What is the Role of Restorative Justice Now?","authors":"Shauntey James, Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin","doi":"10.1177/15570851211062643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211062643","url":null,"abstract":"Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) have used restorative justice (RJ) to address sexual misconduct on college campuses under Title IX. In 2020, Title IX guidance was codified. The application of RJ under the new policy may create procedural and distributive justice issues. This article (1) defines the new policy; (2) explores suitability of RJ to sexual misconduct and specifically yellow zone behavior under the new policy; (3) discusses justice for the various stakeholders under the guise of advantages and disadvantages; and (4) makes recommendations to strengthen the choice of either implementing or not implementing restorative justice.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"407 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48882595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.1177/15570851211061744
Kellie D. Alexander, Jeffrey Nowacki
Women bring important strengths to the field of policing, such as communication skills, the ability to lead teams, as well as the ability to coach and nurture subordinates. Despite these contributions, the rate of women entering policing has stagnated in recent years, and the percentage of women in supervisory, command, and leadership positions remains low. To explain this, we use an organizational structure perspective to explore how characteristics of police agencies (e.g., department size, officer demographics, and formalization) may influence the promotion of women to leadership positions. We make suggestions regarding hiring and retention and provide recommendations for further research.
{"title":"Women in Power? Examining Gender and Promotion in Policing Through an Organizational Perspective","authors":"Kellie D. Alexander, Jeffrey Nowacki","doi":"10.1177/15570851211061744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211061744","url":null,"abstract":"Women bring important strengths to the field of policing, such as communication skills, the ability to lead teams, as well as the ability to coach and nurture subordinates. Despite these contributions, the rate of women entering policing has stagnated in recent years, and the percentage of women in supervisory, command, and leadership positions remains low. To explain this, we use an organizational structure perspective to explore how characteristics of police agencies (e.g., department size, officer demographics, and formalization) may influence the promotion of women to leadership positions. We make suggestions regarding hiring and retention and provide recommendations for further research.","PeriodicalId":51587,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":"293 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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