Mental Health and Physical Activity最新文献

Background and aim

Acute exercise can enhance children's cognition. Heterogeneous effect sizes necessitate investigating exercise task characteristics, contextual factors, and related affective states. The study aimed to test whether different feedback forms during acute cognitively challenging exercise affect children's executive control, alerting, and orienting performances, also considering the potential mediational role of affective states.

Methods

In a within–subjects posttest only design, 100 children (M_age = 11.0, SD_age = 0.8, 48% female) participated weekly in one of three exergames with different feedback: no feedback (NO-FB), standard acoustic environment (ST-FB), positive feedback (PO-FB). Acute bouts were designed to keep physical intensity (65% HR_max) and duration (15-min) constant and to have a high cognitive challenge. Valence, arousal, perceived physical exertion, cognitive engagement, and flow were assessed before, during and after exergaming. Each bout was followed by an Attention Network Test.

Results

ANOVAs revealed a significant main effect of feedback on executive control (η²_p = 0.09) with faster reaction times after PO-FB compared to the other conditions (η²_ps > 0.06) and on valence at post–test (η²_p = 0.11) with highest values in PO-FB (η²_ps > 0.08). In PO-FB, valence was associated with executive control (r = −0.23) but did not mediate feedback effects on executive control (95% CI [–5.25, 4.68]). Alerting and orienting performances were unaffected by feedback (η²_ps < 0.08).

Conclusion

Results suggest that positive feedback during acute cognitively challenging exergaming enhances children's executive control and positive affect, highlighting that exercise task characteristics and contextual factors are essential for cognitive benefits.

Background and aims

Physical activity interventions have been shown to prevent postpartum depression. However, few studies have targeted low income women who are at high risk for postpartum depression.

Methods

This study examined the efficacy of a novel remote physical activity intervention designed to prevent perinatal depression (assessed at 36 weeks gestation and 12 week postpartum). Participants (n = 111) who were low income and pregnant (less than 20 weeks) were randomly assigned to either a six month intervention focusing on increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior (remote counseling sessions based on Self-Determination Theory) or usual care. All participants wore a Fitbit throughout the study to monitor their activity levels. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were administered at baseline, 36 weeks gestation, and 12 weeks postpartum.

Results

There was no effect of the intervention on depressive symptoms or perceived stress at either of the timepoints. Secondary analysis indicated that lower levels of sedentary behavior, β = 0.256, p < 0.05, and higher levels of light activity at 8–12 weeks postpartum was related to lower perceived stress at 12 weeks postpartum, β = −0.284, p < 0.05.

Conclusion

Even though there was no effect of the intervention on preventing depression and stress, it continues to be important for clinicians to discuss the importance of activity during the perinatal phase due to the many health benefits. There is some evidence that sedentary and physical activity behavior may be important for reducing stress levels, however, additional research is needed.

Background and aims

Research has shown that reducing sedentary behavior (SB) and increasing physical activity (PA) can lower depression risk in older adults. However, few studies have investigated the effect of reallocating sedentary time to PA on the incidence of depression in older populations. We examined the longitudinal associations of reallocating SB and PA to each other with the incidence of depression in older adults.

Methods

Community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older, capable of independent walking, were recruited through collaboration with outpatient services of a hospital at baseline (2020) and followed up after one year (2021). Baseline light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) intensities and SB were assessed using a triaxial accelerometer (GT3X+, ActiGraph). The incidence of depression after one year was identified using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Isotemporal models were used to estimate associations.

Results

A total of 167 participants (52.1% women) were included. Adjusted isotemporal models indicated that reallocating time in SB (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.06, 1.21) and LPA (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.98) to MVPA was (marginally) associated with a lower risk of depression; in contrast, a higher risk of depression was found when reallocating MVPA time to SB (OR = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.95, 28.53) and LPA (OR = 6.11, 95% CI = 1.02, 36.63). No statistical evidence of the reallocation from SB to LPA on depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that public health initiatives promoting higher levels of PA with reduced sitting times may decrease the risk of geriatric depression. Clinicians and public health practitioners should consider the thresholds of PA intensity when developing strategies to mitigate depression risk among the older population. These findings require further corroboration by monitoring behavioral changes and clarifying context-specific behaviors in the associations.

Objectives

To examine associations of movement behaviour compositions with health-related quality of life in children.

Methods

Baseline data (2018) from the TransformUs study were used. Overall, 891 children aged 7–12 years [69% of consented sample] recorded valid accelerometry data (ActiGraph GT3X+; 4 days, including ≥1 weekend day). Time spent sedentary, and in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity were extracted. Health-related quality of life was assessed using five EQ-5D-Y health-related quality of life dimensions (mobility, looking after myself, doing usual activities, having pain/discomfort, and feeling worried/sad/unhappy [all dichotomized as no versus any problems]) and one continuous scale assessing overall perceived health. Regression models examined associations between waking movement behaviour compositions, including longer and shorter sedentary (<5 and ≥ 5 min) and physical activity (<1 and ≥ 1 min) bouts, and health-related quality of life.

Results

The waking movement behaviour composition was associated with overall perceived health (whole sample, and boys and girls separately, but high socio-economic status only) and having pain/discomfort. More relative time in shorter versus longer sedentary bouts was associated with lower overall perceived health and higher odds of pain/discomfort. More relative time in shorter versus longer light-intensity and moderate-intensity bouts, were associated with decreased and increased odds of pain/discomfort, respectively. Finally, more time in shorter versus longer vigorous-intensity physical activity bouts was associated with better perceived health.

Conclusions

Children's movement behaviours seem to be related to health-related quality of life. Longitudinal evidence from more diverse samples with 24-h wear protocols and context-specific measures are needed to better understand this association.

Background and aims

It is generally theorized that adolescents’ physical activity and depressive symptoms are inversely correlated. There is some empirical evidence on the temporal sequencing from physical activity to depressive symptoms, and vice versa. However, traditional methods for studying these temporal bidirectional associations have faced criticism, as they conflate within- and between-person variance.

Methods

We used random intercept cross-lagged panel models to study whether within-person increases in depressive symptoms preceded decreases in physical activity, and vice versa. In this pre-registered study, we exploratorily examined the potential moderating role of physical activity intensity and sex. We analyzed data from 766 adolescents (M_age at baseline = 12.86; 52% females) over 3 timepoints, each 1.5 years apart, using validated questionnaires.

Results

There were negative within-person prospective effects from depressive symptoms to physical activity, indicating that, relative to adolescents’ own expected scores, increases in depressive symptoms were associated with decreases in physical activity later onThis effect seemed to be driven by moderate, but not vigorous, physical activity, regardless of sex. Although no general within-person prospective effects from physical activity to depressive symptoms were found, for adolescent females, but not males, increases in moderate physical activity were found to be related to decreases in depressive symptoms 1.5 years later.

Conclusion

Future studies and interventions should consider that the effects from physical activity on depressive symptoms, and vice versa, seem sex- and/or intensity-specific, and may need to be tailored to the specific target group.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 7-week long complex intervention (high-intensity interval training which focused on several fitness parameters and made use of firefighting equipment and materials) among French firefighters with moderate or elevated levels of burnout. Forty voluntary participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: a control group (n = 20) or a physical activity group (n = 20). Participants in the physical activity group exercised twice a week for 60 min over a period of 7 weeks at their fire station. Four psychological assessment sessions were conducted: at T0 (just before the program), T1 (in the middle of the program), T2 (just after the end of the program), and T3 (1 month after the end of the program). Our primary focus was on the Schaufeli's Burnout Assessment Tool questionnaire (BAT). We also examined the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC), as secondary outcomes. Results revealed that participants in the physical activity group reported significantly reduced burnout scores immediately following the training program (p < 0.001). These benefits were still present 1 month after the end of intervention. No significant change was observed in the control group. The physical activity program had no significant effect on any of the secondary outcomes. Further research evaluating this training program in larger samples of firefighters could help confirm these findings.

Background and aims

Previous research has linked physical activity to a reduced risk of postnatal depressive symptoms in mothers. Despite up to 13% of fathers experiencing postnatal depressive symptoms, little is known about the association with physical activity in fathers. This study aimed to systematically examine the evidence investigating the association between physical activity and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms, and provide suggestions to support advancing the field.

Methods

A systematic search of original research articles investigating the association between physical activity and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms was conducted using six electronic databases in October 2021 and updated in June 2023.

Results

A total of two intervention studies (both randomized controlled trials) were identified. Neither study focused specifically on physical activity but both found that lifestyle-based training had a positive effect on antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in fathers.

Conclusion

Research investigating the association between physical activity and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms is scarce. Fathers are a target group who are likely to benefit from alternative/adjunct mental health strategies such as physical activity, therefore future research investigating physical activity and its association with paternal postnatal depressive symptoms is urgently needed.

Background and objectives

To analyze the effects of multicomponent training on the quality of life (Qol), sleep quality (SQ), depressive symptoms (DS), and health perception (HP) in adults and elderly individuals post-COVID-19 infection.

Methods

Randomized controlled clinical trial, with an intervention group (IG) of multicomponent physical training lasting 11 weeks and a control group (CG). The participants were adults and elderly people, of both genders, who were infected with COVID-19 in its moderate to severe type. The study was carried out in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil from November 2021 to April 2023. The training program consisted of balance, strength and aerobic exercises. QoL, DS, SQ and HP were evaluated at baseline and at the 12th week. Outcomes were analyzed by Protocol (PP) and by Intention to Treat (ITT). Generalized Estimating Equations were used, with Bonferroni post-hoc; α: 0.05.

Results

Thirty-nine subjects (19 women, 52.50 ± 12.97 years old) composed the sample. In the ITT analysis, an improvement in QoL was observed only in the intervention group (IG-pre: 10.70 ± 0.77, post: 8.83 ± 0.82, p < 0.001; CG-pre: 10.11 ± 0.81, post:11.00 ± 1.11, p = 0.408). In relation to SQ, improvement was also found only in the IG (IG-pre: 8.80 ± 0.94, post: 6.47 ± 0,88, p < 0.001; CG-pre: 7.00 ± 1,04, post: 7.21 ± 1.20, p = 0.768). In DS, improvement was observed (p < 0.001) in both groups (IG-pre: 8.89 ± 1.14, post: 4.71 ± 1.22; CG-pre: 9.06 ± 1.68, post: 6.92 ± 1.80). In the PP analysis, only SQ and DS improved in both groups. No significant improvements were observed in any of the analyses for the HP outcome.

Conclusion

Multicomponent training demonstrated superiority in enhancing QoL and SQ, and both approaches (multicomponent training and recommendations for physical activity) appear to mitigate depressive symptoms. Both approaches seem not to significantly improve HP.

Brazilian clinical trials registry

RBR-10y6jhr.

Objective

To explore the clinical rehabilitation benefits of mindfulness combined with aerobic calisthenics for people with methamphetamines (MA) use disorder.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial design, 52 male with MA use disorder were randomly divided into mindfulness combined with aerobic calisthenics group (MACG), aerobic calisthenics group (ACG), and control group (CG). The electroencephalogram, sleep quality, and drug craving in the three groups were measured before and after the 12-week intervention, respectively.

Results

1) Sleep quality and drug craving of MACG and ACG were significantly improved after intervention, and the former had a better effect. 2) Compared with baseline, Fz-alpha wave energy values of MACG and ACG faced with drug image stimulation (drug task) were significantly increased after intervention (both p < 0.001), while CG was still significantly lower than neutral task (p < 0.05). 3)After intervention, the Fz-alpha (both p < 0.01), F3-alpha (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively), and F4-alpha wave (both p < 0.01) of MACG and ACG in drug tasks were significantly increased and higher than those of CG. 4)Both in drug and neutral tasks, the PSQI score of the three groups after intervention were negatively correlated with prefrontal alpha wave, the PSQI score was significantly positively correlated with drug craving, and the correlation between the two exercise groups was stronger.

Conclusion

Mindfulness combined with aerobics calisthenics was more conducive to improving the sleep quality of people with MA use disorder, and regulating the abnormal activation of prefrontal lobe in the face of drug cue stimulation, and ultimately conducive to the reduction of craving.

Background

Growing evidence documents the health benefits of meeting the 24-h movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines (including recommendations concerning physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep [SL]) regardless of age or health status. However, the association between meeting the 24-HMB guidelines and academic engagement, social functioning, and emotional functioning has not been investigated in children and adolescents (youth) with chronic pain. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the potential links between meeting the 24-HMB guidelines and indicators of the above-mentioned outcomes in a nationally representative sample of U.S. youth with chronic pain.

Methods

Data from caregiver proxy reports for 7918 U.S. children and adolescents with chronic pain, aged between 6 and 17 years, were retrieved from the 2020 National Survey of Children's Health. Exposures of interest included the isolated and combined 24-HMB guidelines, while outcomes included measures of academic engagement, social functioning, and emotional functioning. To determine the association between the variables mentioned above, a logistic regression analysis was conducted using adjustment for confounding variables (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity, household federal poverty level [FPL] status, education level of primary caregivers, premature birth, and overweight).

Results

A low (4.53 %) proportion of U.S. youth with chronic pain met the combined 24-HMB guidelines. As compared to the reference group (i.e., did not meet the 24-HMB guidelines), youth with chronic pain who met the combined 24-HMB guidelines (referring to PA + ST, PA + SL, PA + ST + SL) showed significantly better performance on our measures of interest (e.g., learning interest/curiosity, difficulty in making friends, resilience; p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

In youth with chronic pain, meeting the 24-HMB guidelines is associated with better academic engagement, social functioning, and emotional functioning. However future intervention studies are necessary to provide more robust evidence before more firm conclusions can be drawn. Our results suggest that fostering a healthy lifestyle behavior in this vulnerable population might support their social-emotional and cognitive development (e.g., academic engagement).