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Towards Epistemic Translatability: On Epistemic Difference and Hermeneutical Injustice 认识的可译性:论认识的差异与解释学的不公正
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2188127
Angelo Vannini
ABSTRACT This paper addresses the relationship between epistemic difference and hermeneutical injustice, starting from an example discussed by Townsend and Townsend: the case of the Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. My thesis is that translation is inevitably at work in communicative exchanges involving epistemic difference, and that considering the problem of translation allows us to refine our understanding of epistemic injustice and mobilise further resources to respond to it. In a first step, I will discuss McGlynn’s critique of Townsend and Townsend’s approach, and in particular the notion of discursive injustice elaborated by Kukla. Drawing on the notion of symbolic institution as theorised by the Belgian phenomenologist Marc Richir, I will show how translation is at work in this case, seeking to pinpoint the hermeneutical injustice at play. In a second step, I will reflect on the different paradigms of translation and argue for a broad, processual and layered conception of it. Building on Antonio Gramsci’s concept of translatability of languages, I will introduce the notion of epistemic translatability as that which allows translational strategies to be devised across epistemic difference in order to counter hermeneutical injustice.
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引用次数: 0
Conspiracy Theory and (or as) Folk Psychology 阴谋论与民间心理学
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2191290
Brian L. Keeley
ABSTRACT One issue within conspiracy theory theory is whether, or to what extent, our central concept – – should map on to the common, lay sense of the term. Some conspiracy theory theorists insist that we use the term as everyday people use it. So, for example, if the term has a pejorative connotation in everyday parlance, then academic work on the concept should reflect that. Other conspiracy theory theorists take a more revisionist approach, arguing instead that while their use of the theoretical concept should bear some relation to its use in natural language, it need not follow it subserviently. I argue that elements of this debate mirror related debates that were prominent in the philosophy of mind in the 1980s over folk psychology and eliminative materialism (debates that continue today, such as within the philosophy of perception and theories over how to individuate the senses). Then, there was a debate over whether the concepts of commonsense psychology, such as or , should be treated as theoretical posits, and hence open to significant revision or elimination, or whether they were instead the targets of explanation. I will argue that an eliminativist approach to has significant merit.
摘要阴谋论中的一个问题是,我们的中心概念——是否应该,或者在多大程度上——应该映射到这个术语的普通意义上。一些阴谋论理论家坚持认为,我们使用这个词就像人们日常使用它一样。因此,例如,如果这个词在日常用语中有贬义含义,那么关于这个概念的学术工作应该反映这一点。其他阴谋论理论家则采取了更为修正主义的方法,他们认为,虽然他们对理论概念的使用应该与它在自然语言中的使用有一定关系,但它不必屈从于它。我认为,这场辩论的内容反映了20世纪80年代心灵哲学中关于民间心理学和消灭唯物主义的相关辩论(今天仍在继续的辩论,例如感知哲学和关于如何使感官个性化的理论)。然后,关于常识心理学的概念,如或,是否应该被视为理论假设,因此可以进行重大修改或删除,或者它们是否是解释的目标,存在着争论。我会争辩说,消除主义的方法有很大的优点。
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引用次数: 6
Why Epistemic Decolonisation in Africa? 为什么非洲会出现认识论的非殖民化?
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2184218
Veli Mitova
ABSTRACT The call to decolonise knowledge is gaining increasing popularity in African philosophy. But as scholarly attention to the topic intensifies, so do doubts about the usefulness of theorising it, especially in spaces – like Africa – that are riddled with deeper problems such as mass poverty and social disempowerment. I focus on three challenges that Bernard Matolino has recently issued. If these challenges are on the right track, they threaten to derail the whole project of epistemic decolonisation worldwide, since many of the aspects of Africa that Matolino thinks make decolonial theorising unhelpful are shared by the rest of the Global South. In this paper, I develop a conception of epistemic decolonisation that is geared to withstanding such doubts in the contemporary African context, and can hopefully serve others in the Global South who share some of Africa’s problems.
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引用次数: 0
Do Political Convictions Infect Every Fibre of Our Being? 政治信念会影响我们的每一根纤维吗?
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2186752
Joseph Ulatowski, D. Lumsden
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引用次数: 1
Conspiracy Theories, Scepticism, and Non-Liberal Politics 阴谋论、怀疑论与非自由政治
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2177127
F. Matthews
ABSTRACT There has been much interest in conspiracy theories (CTs) amongst philosophers in recent years. The aim of this paper will be to apply some of the philosophical research to issues in political theory. I will first provide an overview of some of the philosophical discussions about CTs. While acknowledging that particularism is currently the dominant position in the literature, I will contend that the ‘undue scepticism problem’, a modified version of an argument put forward by Brian Keeley, is an important general objection to many CTs. This in turn leads to some substantial conclusions for liberal political philosophy, as the undue scepticism problem sets up a strong argument against non-liberal alternatives to liberal thought. I shall argue that we are justified in having far more doubt about the reliability of official sources in non-liberal societies, and it is legitimate to be more sceptical about claims designed to bolster non-liberal politics. Moreover, because scepticism is often more warranted in non-liberal societies, this may provide the possibility for the state to be stable, even if it is highly tyrannical or ineffective. These considerations are not intended to be decisive, but raise unresolved questions about the viability of non-liberal politics.
近年来,哲学家们对阴谋论产生了浓厚的兴趣。本文的目的是将一些哲学研究应用于政治理论中的问题。我将首先概述一些关于ct的哲学讨论。虽然承认特殊主义目前在文献中占主导地位,但我认为“过度怀疑主义问题”是布赖恩·基利(Brian Keeley)提出的论点的修改版本,是对许多ct的重要普遍反对意见。这反过来又为自由主义政治哲学带来了一些实质性的结论,因为过度的怀疑主义问题建立了一个强有力的论据,反对自由主义思想的非自由主义替代品。我认为,在非自由社会中,我们有理由对官方消息来源的可靠性产生更多的怀疑,而对旨在支持非自由政治的主张持更大的怀疑态度也是合理的。此外,由于怀疑主义在非自由社会往往更有理由,这可能为国家的稳定提供可能性,即使它是高度专制或无效的。这些考虑并不是决定性的,而是对非自由主义政治的可行性提出了尚未解决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives on Post-Truth 后真理观
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2184219
Filippo Ferrari, A. Lorusso, S. Moruzzi, G. Volpe
ABSTRACT This opening piece of the special issue ‘Perspectives on Post-Truth’ aims to accomplish three tasks. First, and foremost, it highlights the issue’s distinctive feature, namely its variegated approach to post-truth. The leading idea in assembling it has been to draw on different methodologies, theoretical approaches, and competences, in order to gain a fine-grained understanding of the post-truth condition and to develop an effective toolkit to address the most pressing challenges it poses to our societies. The underlying conviction is that a variegated approach is required by the multifaceted nature of the post-truth condition. The curious reader willing to venture through the issue will thus be exposed to different perspectives on post-truth: some pieces address it from a traditional epistemological perspective, others explore post-truth from the perspective of social epistemology, and still others adopt a semiotic perspective. In light of this multiplicity of perspectives, the second task of this piece has been to provide a brief thematic overview of the key issues and perspectives in order to illustrate the overall narrative of the project. The third and final task has been to give a detailed synopsis of each contribution so that the reader will know precisely what to expect from it.
本期特刊《后真相视角》的开篇旨在完成三项任务。首先,也是最重要的一点,它突出了这个问题的独特之处,即它对后真相的多样化态度。组装它的主要思想是利用不同的方法、理论方法和能力,以便对后真相条件有更深入的了解,并开发一个有效的工具包来应对它给我们的社会带来的最紧迫的挑战。基本的信念是,后真相条件的多方面性质要求采取多样化的方法。因此,愿意冒险研究这个问题的好奇读者将接触到关于后真相的不同视角:一些文章从传统的认识论角度来处理它,另一些文章从社会认识论的角度来探索后真相,还有一些则采用符号学的角度。鉴于视角的多样性,这篇文章的第二项任务是对关键问题和视角进行简要的主题概述,以说明项目的总体叙述。第三项也是最后一项任务是详细介绍每一篇文章,这样读者就可以准确地知道该从中期待什么。
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引用次数: 1
Intra-Group Epistemic Injustice 群体内认知不公
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2182653
Abraham Tobi
ABSTRACT When an agent suffers in their capacity as a knower, they are a victim of epistemic injustice. Varieties of epistemic injustices have been theorised. A salient feature across these theories is that perpetrators and victims of epistemic injustice belong to different social groups. In this paper, I argue for a form of epistemic injustice that could occur between members of the same social group. This is a form of epistemic injustice where the knower is first a victim of historical and continuing oppression. Secondly, they internalise and appreciate the systems that harm them as a knower. This is possible because the victim subscribes to perniciously formed epistemic systems. This form of epistemic injustice is a valuable explanatory tool for non-standard and obscure instances of epistemic injustice where the victim a) accepts and appreciates the injustice they experience and b) is even the seeming perpetrator of the injustice against themselves.
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引用次数: 2
Taming Human Subjects: Researchers’ Strategies for Coping with Vagaries in Social Science Experiments 驯服人类主体:社会科学实验中研究者应对模糊的策略
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2177128
C. Ting, Martin Montgomery
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引用次数: 0
Non Experts: Which Ones Would Trust You? 非专家:谁会相信你?
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2174820
Saúl Pérez-González, María Jiménez-Buedo
ABSTRACT Following Goldman’s seminal work, most contemporary philosophical contributions on the novice-expert relation have adopted a normative, expert-focused approach. In this paper, we aim to shift the focus of the philosophical analysis towards the characteristics of the novices, and how they might determine the choices that experts make. On the bases of recent empirical evidence from social psychology, we discuss how novices evaluate the messages that they receive and distinguish diverse kinds of novices according to their competence in message assessment. Building on that analysis, we discuss the difficulties of approaches to expertise that focus only on the standpoint of novices or assume novices are homogeneous. In our analysis, we introduce the standpoint of experts, and we pay special attention to the heterogeneity of novices. This approach allows us to identify and address the difficulties faced by experts in the context of science communication. In the last part of the paper, we characterise and discuss the problem of experts when choosing a strategy in the issuing of a public campaign to advise or inform certain populations of novices.
摘要继戈德曼的开创性工作之后,当代大多数关于新手专家关系的哲学贡献都采用了规范的、以专家为中心的方法。在本文中,我们的目的是将哲学分析的重点转移到新手的特征上,以及他们如何决定专家的选择。基于社会心理学的最新经验证据,我们讨论了新手如何评估他们收到的信息,并根据他们的信息评估能力来区分不同类型的新手。在这一分析的基础上,我们讨论了只关注新手的观点或假设新手是同质的专业知识方法的困难。在我们的分析中,我们引入了专家的观点,并特别注意新手的异质性。这种方法使我们能够识别和解决专家在科学传播方面面临的困难。在论文的最后一部分,我们描述并讨论了专家在发布公共运动以建议或告知某些新手群体时选择策略的问题。
{"title":"Non Experts: Which Ones Would Trust You?","authors":"Saúl Pérez-González, María Jiménez-Buedo","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2023.2174820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2023.2174820","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following Goldman’s seminal work, most contemporary philosophical contributions on the novice-expert relation have adopted a normative, expert-focused approach. In this paper, we aim to shift the focus of the philosophical analysis towards the characteristics of the novices, and how they might determine the choices that experts make. On the bases of recent empirical evidence from social psychology, we discuss how novices evaluate the messages that they receive and distinguish diverse kinds of novices according to their competence in message assessment. Building on that analysis, we discuss the difficulties of approaches to expertise that focus only on the standpoint of novices or assume novices are homogeneous. In our analysis, we introduce the standpoint of experts, and we pay special attention to the heterogeneity of novices. This approach allows us to identify and address the difficulties faced by experts in the context of science communication. In the last part of the paper, we characterise and discuss the problem of experts when choosing a strategy in the issuing of a public campaign to advise or inform certain populations of novices.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46981932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Against Intellectual Autonomy: Social Animals Need Social Virtues 反对智力自主:社会性动物需要社会美德
IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2023.2177521
Neil Levy
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Social Epistemology
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