Many modern humor scholars have oversimplified their summaries of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian's views on humor, focusing on the philosophers' cautionary warnings about the rhetorical efficacy and ethics of humor Although the philosophers did write much on the offensive nature of jests, which can be considered illustrative of superiority theory, I describe elements of the incongruity and relief theories of humor motivation in their work. There is evidence to suggest that all four philosophers found humor to be a fitting and effective response to certain exigencies. It is more accurate to summarize their views thus: Humor has the potential to be a powerful tool of persuasion, but like any potent weapon (discursive or non-discursive) it should be used with
{"title":"The ancient roots of humor theory","authors":"Lisa G. Perks","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Many modern humor scholars have oversimplified their summaries of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian's views on humor, focusing on the philosophers' cautionary warnings about the rhetorical efficacy and ethics of humor Although the philosophers did write much on the offensive nature of jests, which can be considered illustrative of superiority theory, I describe elements of the incongruity and relief theories of humor motivation in their work. There is evidence to suggest that all four philosophers found humor to be a fitting and effective response to certain exigencies. It is more accurate to summarize their views thus: Humor has the potential to be a powerful tool of persuasion, but like any potent weapon (discursive or non-discursive) it should be used with","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"80 1","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the influence of empathizing and systemizing on cognitive and affective humor processing in two studies. Three cartoon types differing in their logical mechanisms (LMs) and cognitive requirements were presented to participants with high scores on one scale and low scores on the other (empathizers and systemizers): visual puns, semantic cartoons and Theory of Mind cartoons. Empathizers and systemizers were expected to process these cartoon types differently. While empathizers and systemizers did not differ in recognition time and comprehensibility in study one (N = 33), empathizers did portray higher funniness scores in study two (N = 55). Furthermore, empathizers more often gave emotional/motivational explanations as well as more mentalistic explanations as to why they think a cartoon is funny. In addition, Theory of Mind cartoons provoked the highest number of mentalistic explanations. This shows that stimulus characteristics (such as LMs) as well as inter-individual differences influence whether mentalizing is required and applied to processing humor, and that empathizing and systemizing influence humor appreciation.
{"title":"The influence of empathizing and systemizing on humor processing: Theory of Mind and humor","authors":"Andrea C. Samson","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the influence of empathizing and systemizing on cognitive and affective humor processing in two studies. Three cartoon types differing in their logical mechanisms (LMs) and cognitive requirements were presented to participants with high scores on one scale and low scores on the other (empathizers and systemizers): visual puns, semantic cartoons and Theory of Mind cartoons. Empathizers and systemizers were expected to process these cartoon types differently. While empathizers and systemizers did not differ in recognition time and comprehensibility in study one (N = 33), empathizers did portray higher funniness scores in study two (N = 55). Furthermore, empathizers more often gave emotional/motivational explanations as well as more mentalistic explanations as to why they think a cartoon is funny. In addition, Theory of Mind cartoons provoked the highest number of mentalistic explanations. This shows that stimulus characteristics (such as LMs) as well as inter-individual differences influence whether mentalizing is required and applied to processing humor, and that empathizing and systemizing influence humor appreciation.","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"124 1","pages":"75-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74999632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humor has long been an important tool for presidential candidates on the campaign trail by humanizing them while endearing them to their constituents. While this humor may reduce the chasm between candidate and voter while establishing the candidates’ personal qualities and enhancing prestige, it can also be used as a tool to attack and denigrate opponents both within and outside the candidate’s political party. The laughter that occurs can also serve to signal support for the candidate and increase group cohesion. This paper analyzes the use of humor by Republican and Democratic Presidential candidates during primary debates of the 2008 electoral season. Data from each political party’s first three debates (Democrats: April 26, June 3, June 28; Republicans: May 3, May 15, June 5) as well as data from two additional debates which focused on both parties’ front-running candidates ( New Hampshire [January 5] and Super Tuesday [January 30, 31]) were collected using audience laughter as indicator of a “successful” humorous comment. Hypotheses concerning differences between the two parties and the status of the candidates as frontrunners or second-tier are tested by considering the target of the humorous comment and the nature of the laughter elicited in terms of the source, as well as the length and strength of the audience response.
{"title":"Laughter on the 2008 campaign trail: How presidential candidates used humor during primary debates 1","authors":"P. Stewart","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Humor has long been an important tool for presidential candidates on the campaign trail by humanizing them while endearing them to their constituents. While this humor may reduce the chasm between candidate and voter while establishing the candidates’ personal qualities and enhancing prestige, it can also be used as a tool to attack and denigrate opponents both within and outside the candidate’s political party. The laughter that occurs can also serve to signal support for the candidate and increase group cohesion. This paper analyzes the use of humor by Republican and Democratic Presidential candidates during primary debates of the 2008 electoral season. Data from each political party’s first three debates (Democrats: April 26, June 3, June 28; Republicans: May 3, May 15, June 5) as well as data from two additional debates which focused on both parties’ front-running candidates ( New Hampshire [January 5] and Super Tuesday [January 30, 31]) were collected using audience laughter as indicator of a “successful” humorous comment. Hypotheses concerning differences between the two parties and the status of the candidates as frontrunners or second-tier are tested by considering the target of the humorous comment and the nature of the laughter elicited in terms of the source, as well as the length and strength of the audience response.","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82922669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a better understanding of racist and ethnic humor","authors":"Michael K. Cundall","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"155-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88441728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social and paralinguistic cues to sarcasm","authors":"Gina M. Caucci, R. Kreuz","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78534847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas E. Ford, Brian Ford, Christie F. Boxer, Jacob Armstrong
An experiment tested the hypothesis that exposure to humorous material prior to taking a difficult math test can inhibit the amount of anxiety associated with the test, and thus enhance performance. In keeping with our hypothesis, participants performed better on a math test after first being exposed to funny cartoons versus non-humorous poems or nothing at all. Mediation analyses suggest that state anxiety mediated the relationship between exposure to humorous cartoons and math performance. Participants who were first exposed to cartoons performed better on the math test because they felt less anxiety while taking the test.
{"title":"Effect of humor on state anxiety and math performance","authors":"Thomas E. Ford, Brian Ford, Christie F. Boxer, Jacob Armstrong","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0004","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment tested the hypothesis that exposure to humorous material prior to taking a difficult math test can inhibit the amount of anxiety associated with the test, and thus enhance performance. In keeping with our hypothesis, participants performed better on a math test after first being exposed to funny cartoons versus non-humorous poems or nothing at all. Mediation analyses suggest that state anxiety mediated the relationship between exposure to humorous cartoons and math performance. Participants who were first exposed to cartoons performed better on the math test because they felt less anxiety while taking the test.","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"59-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88157958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mediation and moderation in ratings of hostile jokes by men and women","authors":"M. H. Abel, Jason Flick","doi":"10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR-2012-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51635,"journal":{"name":"Humor-International Journal of Humor Research","volume":"221 1","pages":"41-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76790228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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