Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/3
Tomas Kačerauskas, Ilona Valantinaitė
The paper considers the different notions of happiness known since antiquity, such as the Greek concepts of harmonia, eudaimonia, makarioi, and hēdonē, and explores the factors of happiness. The aim of this research is to form a more complete understanding of Lithuanian speakers and their attitude(s) towards happiness. The research surveyed 210 Lithuanian speakers aged 15 to 35 who were residing in Lithuania, France, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The analysis shows that today people’s individualism reveals itself through gender differences. The list of factors determining happiness is shorter for men than it is for women, and men have one distinctive factor for happiness – friends. The respondents of both genders valued health, family and love the highest, however, the other factors for happiness reveal gender differences. Women need several happiness-determining factors at the same time, which conforms to the psychological nature of women as gatherers, whereas men create their happiness in a more specific, more focused and less scattered way.
{"title":"Is there happiness in money? An attitudinal study of native Lithuanian speakers","authors":"Tomas Kačerauskas, Ilona Valantinaitė","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the different notions of happiness known since antiquity, such as the Greek concepts of harmonia, eudaimonia, makarioi, and hēdonē, and explores the factors of happiness. The aim of this research is to form a more complete understanding of Lithuanian speakers and their attitude(s) towards happiness. The research surveyed 210 Lithuanian speakers aged 15 to 35 who were residing in Lithuania, France, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The analysis shows that today people’s individualism reveals itself through gender differences. The list of factors determining happiness is shorter for men than it is for women, and men have one distinctive factor for happiness – friends. The respondents of both genders valued health, family and love the highest, however, the other factors for happiness reveal gender differences. Women need several happiness-determining factors at the same time, which conforms to the psychological nature of women as gatherers, whereas men create their happiness in a more specific, more focused and less scattered way.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135673149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/4
Jhon J. Mora, Diana Y. Herrera, Juan F. Álvarez, Jose S. Arroyo
This article analyzes the recent returns to human capital in Colombia. Using a pseudo-panel approach, the results show a human capital return of 9.7% from 2016 to 2020. Comparisons with previous data show a reduction of approximately 5 p.p. in return on human capital. Our results show the importance of investing in Colombia’s human capital due to the positive externalities compared to other forms of investment in Colombia. Also, we find statistically significant differences between men and women; Around 2 percentage points (p.p.). A more effective public policy is needed to correct these disparities, despite Colombia's public policies such as equal pay for equal work or advances in equal parental leave.
{"title":"Returns to human capital in a developing country: A pseudo-panel approach for Colombia","authors":"Jhon J. Mora, Diana Y. Herrera, Juan F. Álvarez, Jose S. Arroyo","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/4","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the recent returns to human capital in Colombia. Using a pseudo-panel approach, the results show a human capital return of 9.7% from 2016 to 2020. Comparisons with previous data show a reduction of approximately 5 p.p. in return on human capital. Our results show the importance of investing in Colombia’s human capital due to the positive externalities compared to other forms of investment in Colombia. Also, we find statistically significant differences between men and women; Around 2 percentage points (p.p.). A more effective public policy is needed to correct these disparities, despite Colombia's public policies such as equal pay for equal work or advances in equal parental leave.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136186048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/2
Katalin Lőrincz, Kornélia Kiss, Zsuzsanna Banász
The place where we live has a significant impact on the way we live, feel and assess our lives. Housing conditions, the characteristics of the neighborhood around the dwelling or of the community, and commuting conditions have a relationship with the multidimensional construct of well-being. This paper examines the roles that home and the community play in well-being. Background literature on quality of life, well-being and its domains and the role of the place where we live is interpreted in the paper. The empirical analysis aims to describe the relationships between home and well-being and the community and well-being. The quantitative method used to conduct this investigation included a representative survey in Hungary. Our results confirm previous research findings in many areas (weak or moderate significant relationships between some sociodemographic and other often-examined well-being domains and well-being) and identify weak and positive significant relationships between home and well-being and the community and well-being. The overall well-being of the Hungarian population is significantly influenced by their attachment to their community.
{"title":"The power of the place we live: What roles do home and the community play in well-being?","authors":"Katalin Lőrincz, Kornélia Kiss, Zsuzsanna Banász","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/2","url":null,"abstract":"The place where we live has a significant impact on the way we live, feel and assess our lives. Housing conditions, the characteristics of the neighborhood around the dwelling or of the community, and commuting conditions have a relationship with the multidimensional construct of well-being. This paper examines the roles that home and the community play in well-being. Background literature on quality of life, well-being and its domains and the role of the place where we live is interpreted in the paper. The empirical analysis aims to describe the relationships between home and well-being and the community and well-being. The quantitative method used to conduct this investigation included a representative survey in Hungary. Our results confirm previous research findings in many areas (weak or moderate significant relationships between some sociodemographic and other often-examined well-being domains and well-being) and identify weak and positive significant relationships between home and well-being and the community and well-being. The overall well-being of the Hungarian population is significantly influenced by their attachment to their community.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135672449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although economic growth is always one of the priorities for a country, an ever-growing economy is unsustainable in the long run. Environment protection, public participation in decision-making, and, nowadays, even strong defense forces gain increasing importance for country sustainability. The paper studies trade-offs between national goals as impacted by the population values and attitudes in the post-soviet region. We study a representative dataset from eleven countries (N=20006, age 18+, M ± SD: 46,04 ± 17,07; 58% women, 46,8% upper education). Two indicators are utilized to determine the preferences for economic growth – the growth as the most important priority (the other three being military spending, public participation in social life, and aesthetics of city and countryside) and economic growth at the expense of environmental protection. Methodologically, we rely on correlations and confidence intervals for mean values (95%) analyses to study the associations and the country differences in preferences for economic growth. The results suggest that (1) post-Soviet countries are largely heterogeneous in their preference for economic growth as compared to other priorities, and geographically close countries may have opposing attitudes, and (2) the country-level correlations of the two indicators of preferences for economic growth produced opposite statistically significant correlations in different countries.
{"title":"The preferences for economic growth in the post-Soviet countries. A multicounty study","authors":"Akhmadjon Ortikov, Inna Čábelková, Svitlana Rotterova, Olesya Zhytna, Luboš Smutka","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/15","url":null,"abstract":"Although economic growth is always one of the priorities for a country, an ever-growing economy is unsustainable in the long run. Environment protection, public participation in decision-making, and, nowadays, even strong defense forces gain increasing importance for country sustainability. The paper studies trade-offs between national goals as impacted by the population values and attitudes in the post-soviet region. We study a representative dataset from eleven countries (N=20006, age 18+, M ± SD: 46,04 ± 17,07; 58% women, 46,8% upper education). Two indicators are utilized to determine the preferences for economic growth – the growth as the most important priority (the other three being military spending, public participation in social life, and aesthetics of city and countryside) and economic growth at the expense of environmental protection. Methodologically, we rely on correlations and confidence intervals for mean values (95%) analyses to study the associations and the country differences in preferences for economic growth. The results suggest that (1) post-Soviet countries are largely heterogeneous in their preference for economic growth as compared to other priorities, and geographically close countries may have opposing attitudes, and (2) the country-level correlations of the two indicators of preferences for economic growth produced opposite statistically significant correlations in different countries.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135686175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/11
Krzysztof Wach, Marek Maciejewski, Agnieszka Głodowska
The article focuses on the interdependencies within entrepreneurial orientation. The objective of the study was to verify the relationship between risk-taking and innovativeness, on the one hand, and proactiveness on the other hand, as three elements of entrepreneurial orientation of internationalized firms. The main research question the article answers is: In what way do risk-taking and innovativeness influence proactiveness within the interrelated three-dimensional construct of entrepreneurial orientation? The article employs structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) to analyse survey results based on a stratified sampling of 355 internationalized firms from Poland. The empirical findings demonstrate the positive impact of risk-taking (RISK) and innovativeness (INNO) on proactiveness (PROACT) within the interrelated three-dimensional construct of entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, the level of risk-taking (RISK) and innovativeness (INNO) accounts for 36% of the variation in proactiveness (PROACT), which is considered high in social sciences, including business studies.
{"title":"Inside entrepreneurial orientation: Do risk-taking and innovativeness influence proactiveness?","authors":"Krzysztof Wach, Marek Maciejewski, Agnieszka Głodowska","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/11","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the interdependencies within entrepreneurial orientation. The objective of the study was to verify the relationship between risk-taking and innovativeness, on the one hand, and proactiveness on the other hand, as three elements of entrepreneurial orientation of internationalized firms. The main research question the article answers is: In what way do risk-taking and innovativeness influence proactiveness within the interrelated three-dimensional construct of entrepreneurial orientation? The article employs structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) to analyse survey results based on a stratified sampling of 355 internationalized firms from Poland. The empirical findings demonstrate the positive impact of risk-taking (RISK) and innovativeness (INNO) on proactiveness (PROACT) within the interrelated three-dimensional construct of entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, the level of risk-taking (RISK) and innovativeness (INNO) accounts for 36% of the variation in proactiveness (PROACT), which is considered high in social sciences, including business studies.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135686178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/17
Dalia Streimikiene, Asta Mikalauskiene, Greta Burbaite
In the article, the analysis of scientific literature leads to the definition of sustainable finance and identification of its types. This distinction allows for a more detailed examination of sustainable finance in different contexts, especially when only one type of sustainable finance is considered. The empirical study that has been carried out in the Baltic Sea states confirms that sustainable finance has an impact on the implementation of sustainable development goals. The countries that use more sustainable finance have better results in terms of the SDGs. The created research model reflects the sequence of data collection and the process of determining the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable finance. The correlation between the two is confirmed by the conducted research. The more sustainable is the country's financial model, the better is the implementation of sustainable development goals.
{"title":"The role of sustainable finance in achieving sustainable development goals","authors":"Dalia Streimikiene, Asta Mikalauskiene, Greta Burbaite","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/17","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the analysis of scientific literature leads to the definition of sustainable finance and identification of its types. This distinction allows for a more detailed examination of sustainable finance in different contexts, especially when only one type of sustainable finance is considered. The empirical study that has been carried out in the Baltic Sea states confirms that sustainable finance has an impact on the implementation of sustainable development goals. The countries that use more sustainable finance have better results in terms of the SDGs. The created research model reflects the sequence of data collection and the process of determining the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable finance. The correlation between the two is confirmed by the conducted research. The more sustainable is the country's financial model, the better is the implementation of sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136297682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/16
Mortaza Ojaghlou, Erginbay Uğurlu
Urbanization and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The goal of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, urbanization, and achieving sustainable development in Turkey from 1990 to 2020. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis are employed in the article. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the variables of the STIRPAT model: the coefficient of economic activities and urbanization affects CO2 emission positively. This means that urbanization and the expansion of economic activity have a significant impact on environmental degradation. These results are also confirmed by the N-shaped Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) that is detected for Turkey.
{"title":"Urbanization and climate change: Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and STIRPAT analysis for Turkey","authors":"Mortaza Ojaghlou, Erginbay Uğurlu","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/16","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The goal of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, urbanization, and achieving sustainable development in Turkey from 1990 to 2020. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis are employed in the article. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the variables of the STIRPAT model: the coefficient of economic activities and urbanization affects CO2 emission positively. This means that urbanization and the expansion of economic activity have a significant impact on environmental degradation. These results are also confirmed by the N-shaped Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) that is detected for Turkey.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135686305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/18
Tetiana Dotsenko, Marek Dvořák, Serhiy Lyeonov, Attila Kovács
The business-demographic problem of organizational mortality of enterprises is considered an essential area of social welfare in a society. It affects the lives and activities of many people and their organizations, as well as the corporate sustainability and the overall socioeconomic situation in the country. The study aims to determine relevant factors influencing the organizational mortality of enterprises from the group of social indicators by using data mining methods. The paper identifies the most influential among such social factors, using the Sigma-restricted parameterization method and correlation analysis. The significance of these social factors is explored through the univariate tests, the Pareto chart of t-values, and a correlation matrix of their interdependence. The factors’ force and areas of the influence have been quantified. A model of a linear relationship in multiple regression between organizational mortality of enterprises and relevant social factors is constructed using the ordinary least squares method (OLS method). Meanwhile, a graph of the normal distribution of residuals is built for an analogous linear regression model. The research results highlight the problematic social aspects and factors of enterprises’ activity for corporate sustainability, suggesting a practical use for the calculated dependencies between relevant indicators. The application of the methodology will make it possible to influence the pattern of entrepreneurial activity in developing countries to reduce the national economic downturn.
{"title":"Socially relevant factors of organizational mortality of enterprises: context of corporate sustainability in European countries","authors":"Tetiana Dotsenko, Marek Dvořák, Serhiy Lyeonov, Attila Kovács","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-1/18","url":null,"abstract":"The business-demographic problem of organizational mortality of enterprises is considered an essential area of social welfare in a society. It affects the lives and activities of many people and their organizations, as well as the corporate sustainability and the overall socioeconomic situation in the country. The study aims to determine relevant factors influencing the organizational mortality of enterprises from the group of social indicators by using data mining methods. The paper identifies the most influential among such social factors, using the Sigma-restricted parameterization method and correlation analysis. The significance of these social factors is explored through the univariate tests, the Pareto chart of t-values, and a correlation matrix of their interdependence. The factors’ force and areas of the influence have been quantified. A model of a linear relationship in multiple regression between organizational mortality of enterprises and relevant social factors is constructed using the ordinary least squares method (OLS method). Meanwhile, a graph of the normal distribution of residuals is built for an analogous linear regression model. The research results highlight the problematic social aspects and factors of enterprises’ activity for corporate sustainability, suggesting a practical use for the calculated dependencies between relevant indicators. The application of the methodology will make it possible to influence the pattern of entrepreneurial activity in developing countries to reduce the national economic downturn.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135686173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-4/3
S. Syahnur, Kurt Klaus Frohberg, Doojin Ryu, Yossi Diantimala
{"title":"Enriching the socio-economic inequality model by using alternative indices","authors":"S. Syahnur, Kurt Klaus Frohberg, Doojin Ryu, Yossi Diantimala","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-4/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-4/3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-4/17
I. Lushi, Gentjan Çera, Suela Halilaj, E. Çera
. This paper seeks to explore the association between trust in the main buyer and contract farming in the agribusiness sector. Despite numerous studies in this field, there is no consensus among scholars, which is the motivation behind undertaking the present study. The research is based on primary data collected through a structured survey in Albania (640 respondents) during December 2019 and January 2020. Several methods were used to examine the relationship between trust and contract farming, including factor analysis, a reliability test, and a non-parametric statistical technique. The results show that trust and contracting have a significant relationship in the context of the agribusiness sector. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that there is a positive correlation, meaning that those with a verbal or written contract exhibit higher trust than those without any prior agreement to sell the product. The scientific contribution of this study is that it presents further arguments and justifications to a controversial discussion and sheds light on a little-studied context such as Albania.
{"title":"Exploring the association between trust and contracting in agribusiness sector: Evidence from Albania","authors":"I. Lushi, Gentjan Çera, Suela Halilaj, E. Çera","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-4/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-4/17","url":null,"abstract":". This paper seeks to explore the association between trust in the main buyer and contract farming in the agribusiness sector. Despite numerous studies in this field, there is no consensus among scholars, which is the motivation behind undertaking the present study. The research is based on primary data collected through a structured survey in Albania (640 respondents) during December 2019 and January 2020. Several methods were used to examine the relationship between trust and contract farming, including factor analysis, a reliability test, and a non-parametric statistical technique. The results show that trust and contracting have a significant relationship in the context of the agribusiness sector. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that there is a positive correlation, meaning that those with a verbal or written contract exhibit higher trust than those without any prior agreement to sell the product. The scientific contribution of this study is that it presents further arguments and justifications to a controversial discussion and sheds light on a little-studied context such as Albania.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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