A. Siddiqa, Sara Khan, Maryam Rafiq, Farah Hanif, Muhammad Shahzad Anwer, Asma Khattak
Objective: To find the association of lipid profile with early sign of cholecystitis (gall stones formation). Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study Methodology: The study recruited cholecystitis patients from 1st April 2022 to 30th September 2022 at Pathology Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Those patients having an age above 40 years and clinically diagnosed with gall bladder stone, went under ultrasonography examination, were included in the study. A total of 100 cases were compared with 100 controls in a case control study design. The lipid profile included serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol levels. Other tests as fasting blood glucose (FBG), total bilirubin (T-bil), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), and urea nitrogen (UN) were also conducted. Results: The mean age of the gall stone patients and of normal controls was 51.71±13.48 and 42.00±13.14 years respectively. There was no variance in the BMI of both groups. The incidence of kidney stones was higher in the cases than controls while hypertension was more commonly reported in the 36% of the cases in comparison to the 19% of the controls. The logistic regression analysis presented a data where significant difference within lipid profile values of cases and controls could be seen having high values reported in cases than controls. The multivariant analysis of the lipid profile analyzed values presented a significant variance in the odds ration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and triglycerides of cases and controls. Conclusion: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides are associated with the risk of gall bladder formation.
{"title":"The Association of Dyslipidemias with Cholelithiasis: A Case-Control Study Conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad","authors":"A. Siddiqa, Sara Khan, Maryam Rafiq, Farah Hanif, Muhammad Shahzad Anwer, Asma Khattak","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.428","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find the association of lipid profile with early sign of cholecystitis (gall stones formation). \u0000Study Design: Case control study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study \u0000Methodology: The study recruited cholecystitis patients from 1st April 2022 to 30th September 2022 at Pathology Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Those patients having an age above 40 years and clinically diagnosed with gall bladder stone, went under ultrasonography examination, were included in the study. A total of 100 cases were compared with 100 controls in a case control study design. The lipid profile included serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol levels. Other tests as fasting blood glucose (FBG), total bilirubin (T-bil), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), and urea nitrogen (UN) were also conducted. \u0000Results: The mean age of the gall stone patients and of normal controls was 51.71±13.48 and 42.00±13.14 years respectively. There was no variance in the BMI of both groups. The incidence of kidney stones was higher in the cases than controls while hypertension was more commonly reported in the 36% of the cases in comparison to the 19% of the controls. The logistic regression analysis presented a data where significant difference within lipid profile values of cases and controls could be seen having high values reported in cases than controls. The multivariant analysis of the lipid profile analyzed values presented a significant variance in the odds ration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and triglycerides of cases and controls. \u0000Conclusion: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides are associated with the risk of gall bladder formation.","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nida Qayyum, Perisa Gul, Aleena Zainab, Maryam Jawaid, Muhammad Azam, Sana Sattar
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of oral allopurinol plus intralesional meglumine for thetreatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Study Design: A prospective study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Combined MilitaryHospital, Multan, Pakistan from 18th September 2021 to 18th March 2022.Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 60 patients (30 in each group) who fulfilled the inclusioncriteria. Patients in group A were given oral allopurinol (15mg/kg/day) and intralesional meglumineantimoniate (2-5 ml). Patients in group B were given intralesional meglumine antimoniate (2-5 ml). All patientswere given 2 injections each week and were followed up for 8 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was noted bythe disappearance of induration of the lesion and complete reepithelization of the ulcer. Healing wascharacterized by scar formation and was recorded.Results: Results showed that the cure rate in Group B was 16.6% (5), while in Group A it was 56.6% (17) (P<0.03).There was no significant difference in efficacy between both groups when stratified based on age, number oflesions per patient, and lesion location. However, the cure rate of ulcers and papules was significantly higher ingroup A compared to group B.Conclusion: It was concluded that the combination of intralesional meglumine antimoniate and oral allopurinolhas higher efficacy than intralesional meglumine antimoniate alone in the treatment of patients withcutaneous leishmaniasis. How to cite this: Qayyum N, Gul P, Zainab A, Jawaid M, Azam M, Sattar S. Comparison of Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Oral Allopurinol with Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Alone for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis- A Prospective Study. 2024; 5(2): 181-186. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.511
研究目的评估口服别嘌呤醇联合鞘内注射巨鲁明治疗皮肤利什曼病的疗效：前瞻性研究：研究于2021年9月18日至2022年3月18日在巴基斯坦木尔坦市联合军事医院皮肤科进行：研究对象为符合纳入标准的 60 名患者（每组 30 人）。A 组患者口服别嘌呤醇（15 毫克/千克/天）和鞘内注射甲氨嘧啶（2-5 毫升）。B 组患者注射 2-5 毫升甲硝唑锑酸盐。所有患者每周注射 2 次，随访 8 周。治疗的疗效体现在病变的压痕消失和溃疡的完全上皮化。痊愈以疤痕形成为特征，并记录在案：结果显示，B 组的治愈率为 16.6%（5 例），而 A 组为 56.6%（17 例）（P<0.03）。然而，与 B 组相比，A 组的溃疡和丘疹治愈率明显更高：结论：在治疗皮肤利什曼病患者时，椎管内注射甲硝锉和口服别嘌呤醇联合治疗的疗效高于单独椎管内注射甲硝锉。引用方式Qayyum N, Gul P, Zainab A, Jawaid M, Azam M, Sattar S. Comparison of Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Oral Allopurinol with Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Alone for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis- A Prospective Study.2024; 5(2):181-186. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.511
{"title":"Comparison of Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Oral Allopurinol with Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Alone for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis- A Prospective Study","authors":"Nida Qayyum, Perisa Gul, Aleena Zainab, Maryam Jawaid, Muhammad Azam, Sana Sattar","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.511","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of oral allopurinol plus intralesional meglumine for thetreatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Study Design: A prospective study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Combined MilitaryHospital, Multan, Pakistan from 18th September 2021 to 18th March 2022.Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 60 patients (30 in each group) who fulfilled the inclusioncriteria. Patients in group A were given oral allopurinol (15mg/kg/day) and intralesional meglumineantimoniate (2-5 ml). Patients in group B were given intralesional meglumine antimoniate (2-5 ml). All patientswere given 2 injections each week and were followed up for 8 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was noted bythe disappearance of induration of the lesion and complete reepithelization of the ulcer. Healing wascharacterized by scar formation and was recorded.Results: Results showed that the cure rate in Group B was 16.6% (5), while in Group A it was 56.6% (17) (P<0.03).There was no significant difference in efficacy between both groups when stratified based on age, number oflesions per patient, and lesion location. However, the cure rate of ulcers and papules was significantly higher ingroup A compared to group B.Conclusion: It was concluded that the combination of intralesional meglumine antimoniate and oral allopurinolhas higher efficacy than intralesional meglumine antimoniate alone in the treatment of patients withcutaneous leishmaniasis. \u0000How to cite this: Qayyum N, Gul P, Zainab A, Jawaid M, Azam M, Sattar S. Comparison of Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Oral Allopurinol with Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate Alone for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis- A Prospective Study. 2024; 5(2): 181-186. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.511","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar and fenofibrate in treatingdiabetic dyslipidemia.Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Nishtar MedicalUniversity and Hospital Multan, Pakistan over 12 months from January 2021 to January 2022.Methods: Following a 4-week run-in phase, sixty newly diagnosed patients with a previous diagnosis ofdiabetes and dyslipidemia were included. Eligible participants were aged 18-65 years, with fasting triglyceride(TG) levels >200–400 mg/dL and documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Following baselineassessments, participants were randomised into two treatment groups: Saroglitazar 4 mg with 10 mg ofAtorvastatin and Fenofibrate 200 mg with 10 mg of Atorvastatin. Lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), andHbA1c were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted using appropriatetests with p< 0.05, which is considered significant.Results: The study enrolled 60 participants, with comparable baseline characteristics between groups. Whileboth treatments showed similar effects on lipid profiles, Saroglitazar showed exceptional effectiveness inlowering HbA1c and FBG levels compared to Fenofibrate. No significant differences in adverse effects wereobserved.Conclusion: Saroglitazar may offer advantages in managing diabetic dyslipidemia and improving glycemiccontrol compared to Fenofibrate in a larger sample size. More investigation is necessary to confirm thesefindings and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. How to cite this: Farooq B, Cheema RR, Qureshi ZH, Yasmeen N, Sahu EH. The Effectiveness and Safety of Fenofibrate and Saroglitazar in The Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 266-272. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.632
{"title":"The Effectiveness and Safety of Fenofibrate and Saroglitazar in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia","authors":"Bakhtawar Farooq, R. Cheema, Zahid Habib Qureshi, Nabeela Yasmeen, Ejaz Hussain Sahu","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.632","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar and fenofibrate in treatingdiabetic dyslipidemia.Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Nishtar MedicalUniversity and Hospital Multan, Pakistan over 12 months from January 2021 to January 2022.Methods: Following a 4-week run-in phase, sixty newly diagnosed patients with a previous diagnosis ofdiabetes and dyslipidemia were included. Eligible participants were aged 18-65 years, with fasting triglyceride(TG) levels >200–400 mg/dL and documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Following baselineassessments, participants were randomised into two treatment groups: Saroglitazar 4 mg with 10 mg ofAtorvastatin and Fenofibrate 200 mg with 10 mg of Atorvastatin. Lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), andHbA1c were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted using appropriatetests with p< 0.05, which is considered significant.Results: The study enrolled 60 participants, with comparable baseline characteristics between groups. Whileboth treatments showed similar effects on lipid profiles, Saroglitazar showed exceptional effectiveness inlowering HbA1c and FBG levels compared to Fenofibrate. No significant differences in adverse effects wereobserved.Conclusion: Saroglitazar may offer advantages in managing diabetic dyslipidemia and improving glycemiccontrol compared to Fenofibrate in a larger sample size. More investigation is necessary to confirm thesefindings and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. \u0000How to cite this: Farooq B, Cheema RR, Qureshi ZH, Yasmeen N, Sahu EH. The Effectiveness and Safety of Fenofibrate and Saroglitazar in The Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 266-272. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.632","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rohan Qamar, Khalid Mahmood, Romassa Javed, Faheem Sher, Ibrahim Tufail
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA (Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) andModified ALVARADO score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis by using histopathology as a gold standard.Study Design: A comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Surgery, Combined MilitaryHospital (CMH) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2020 to August 2020.Methods: A total of 126 patients suspected of having acute appendicitis were included. All patients who hadmet the inclusion criteria were chosen via the process of consecutive sampling. Patients who had presentedwith right iliac fossa pain, migration of pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting and were admitted to the hospitalwere assessed prospectively using RIPASA and Modified ALVARADO scores. RIPASA (Raja Isteri Pengiran AnakSaleha Appendicitis) score > 7.5 and Modified ALVARADO score > 7 were used to diagnose acute appendicitis.The diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively using a histopathological report. Every scoring system wasassessed for validity by calculating sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, negative predictive value, andpositive predictive value.Result: The results obtained from individuals recruited in the study showthat out of 126 patients, 70(55.6%)were male and 56(44.4%) were female. The mean age was 33.25±8.19 years. 83.3% of patients having RIPASA(Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) score (≥7.5) and 68.3% of patients having Modified ALVARADOscore (≥7) have met the criteria for acute appendicitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the RIPASA (Raja IsteriPengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) score were 90.9% and 73.3% compared with 73.8% and 73.3% of theModified Alvarado score.Conclusion: The RIPASA (Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) scoring system is a more convenient,accurate, and specific scoring system for our population than the Modified ALVARADO scoring system. How to cite this: Qamar R, Mahmood K, Javed R, Sher F, Tufail I.Reliability of Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis by Clinical Assessment Through Modified Alvarado Vs Ripasa Scoring System. Life and Science.2024; 5(2): 193-198. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.346
{"title":"Reliability of Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis by Clinical Assessment Through Modified ALVARADO Vs RIPASA Scoring System at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi","authors":"Rohan Qamar, Khalid Mahmood, Romassa Javed, Faheem Sher, Ibrahim Tufail","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.346","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA (Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) andModified ALVARADO score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis by using histopathology as a gold standard.Study Design: A comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Surgery, Combined MilitaryHospital (CMH) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2020 to August 2020.Methods: A total of 126 patients suspected of having acute appendicitis were included. All patients who hadmet the inclusion criteria were chosen via the process of consecutive sampling. Patients who had presentedwith right iliac fossa pain, migration of pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting and were admitted to the hospitalwere assessed prospectively using RIPASA and Modified ALVARADO scores. RIPASA (Raja Isteri Pengiran AnakSaleha Appendicitis) score > 7.5 and Modified ALVARADO score > 7 were used to diagnose acute appendicitis.The diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively using a histopathological report. Every scoring system wasassessed for validity by calculating sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, negative predictive value, andpositive predictive value.Result: The results obtained from individuals recruited in the study showthat out of 126 patients, 70(55.6%)were male and 56(44.4%) were female. The mean age was 33.25±8.19 years. 83.3% of patients having RIPASA(Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) score (≥7.5) and 68.3% of patients having Modified ALVARADOscore (≥7) have met the criteria for acute appendicitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the RIPASA (Raja IsteriPengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) score were 90.9% and 73.3% compared with 73.8% and 73.3% of theModified Alvarado score.Conclusion: The RIPASA (Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis) scoring system is a more convenient,accurate, and specific scoring system for our population than the Modified ALVARADO scoring system. \u0000How to cite this: Qamar R, Mahmood K, Javed R, Sher F, Tufail I.Reliability of Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis by Clinical Assessment Through Modified Alvarado Vs Ripasa Scoring System. Life and Science.2024; 5(2): 193-198. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.346 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaidah Mir, U. Z. Mir, Warda Hussain, Ayesha Irfan, Hammad Ahmed Butt, Urwa Sarwar
Objective: To evaluate the toxic effects of arsenic exposure on the female reproductive tract and endocrinesystem.Study Design: A laboratory-based experiment.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of the National Institute of Health(NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan from 1st January 2019 to 4th January 2020.Methods: non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed and 60 female healthy SpragueDawley rats were included in the study at the National Institute Islamabad. Animals were randomly allocatedinto control and experimental groups (n=30 each). In the first week, animals were acclimatized to the animalhouse of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. In the second week, the control and experimentalgroups were given 10 ml of distilled water by oral gavage daily and 4μg of sodium arsenite dissolved in 10 ml ofdistilled water daily for two weeks respectively. After the experimental period, animals were taken to theanimal lab of the National Institute of Health Islamabad for blood sampling and tissue dissection. Rats wereeuthanized by chloroform inhalation and blood was drawn by single intracardiac puncture and stored in clotactivator vials at 4 0C for further workup. The female reproductive tract was dissected, and the tissue was stored in 10 % formalin for histological studies. Serum Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were assessed via the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Whereas histological effects of arsenic were observed under a microscope by tissue processing and staining with Masson trichrome stain. Mean ± SD of serum GnRH levels and percentage of fibrosis in uterine tissue of control and experimental groups wereevaluated by the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Comparison of means evaluatedby Student T-test. The significant p-value was ≤ 0.05.Results: The experimental group showed significant elevation of serum GnRH levels and fibrotic changes withhigh collagen deposition (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Exposure to arsenic via contaminated drinking water is disruptive for the female reproductive tractand endocrine system. How to cite this: Mir A, Mir UZ, Hussain W, Irfan A, Butt HA, Sarwar U. Impact of Short-Term Arsenic Exposure on Hormonal Balance and Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 187-192. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.64
目的：评估砷暴露对女性生殖道和内分泌系统的毒性影响：评估砷暴露对女性生殖道和内分泌系统的毒性影响：研究地点和时间：方法：采用非概率方便抽样技术，在巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡国家研究所将 60 只健康的雌性 SpragueDawley 大鼠纳入研究。动物被随机分配到对照组和实验组（各 30 只）。第一周，让动物适应巴基斯坦内外科医学院的动物房。第二周，对照组和实验组分别每天口服 10 毫升蒸馏水和 4 微克溶于 10 毫升蒸馏水的亚砷酸钠，连续两周。实验结束后，动物被送往伊斯兰堡国家健康研究所的动物实验室进行血液采样和组织解剖。大鼠吸入氯仿后被安乐死，通过单次心内穿刺抽取血液，并储存在 4 0C 的凝血活化剂瓶中，以备进一步检查。解剖雌性生殖道，将组织保存在 10 % 福尔马林中，用于组织学研究。血清促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）水平通过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）进行评估。通过组织处理和马森三色染色法染色，在显微镜下观察砷对组织学的影响。对照组和实验组血清 GnRH 水平和子宫组织纤维化百分比的平均值（±SD）用社会科学统计软件包 22.0 版进行评估。均值比较采用学生 T 检验。P值小于0.05为差异有学意义：实验组的血清 GnRH 水平明显升高，并出现纤维化变化，胶原沉积较多（P ≤ 0.05）：结论：通过受污染的饮用水接触砷会对女性生殖道和内分泌系统造成破坏。引用方式Mir A, Mir UZ, Hussain W, Irfan A, Butt HA, Sarwar U. Impact of Short-Term Arsenic Exposure on Hormonal Balance and Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats. Life and Science.生命与科学》。2024; 5(2):187-192. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.64
{"title":"Impact of Short-Term Arsenic Exposure on Hormonal Balance and Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"Amaidah Mir, U. Z. Mir, Warda Hussain, Ayesha Irfan, Hammad Ahmed Butt, Urwa Sarwar","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.642","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the toxic effects of arsenic exposure on the female reproductive tract and endocrinesystem.Study Design: A laboratory-based experiment.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of the National Institute of Health(NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan from 1st January 2019 to 4th January 2020.Methods: non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed and 60 female healthy SpragueDawley rats were included in the study at the National Institute Islamabad. Animals were randomly allocatedinto control and experimental groups (n=30 each). In the first week, animals were acclimatized to the animalhouse of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. In the second week, the control and experimentalgroups were given 10 ml of distilled water by oral gavage daily and 4μg of sodium arsenite dissolved in 10 ml ofdistilled water daily for two weeks respectively. After the experimental period, animals were taken to theanimal lab of the National Institute of Health Islamabad for blood sampling and tissue dissection. Rats wereeuthanized by chloroform inhalation and blood was drawn by single intracardiac puncture and stored in clotactivator vials at 4 0C for further workup. The female reproductive tract was dissected, and the tissue was stored in 10 % formalin for histological studies. Serum Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were assessed via the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Whereas histological effects of arsenic were observed under a microscope by tissue processing and staining with Masson trichrome stain. Mean ± SD of serum GnRH levels and percentage of fibrosis in uterine tissue of control and experimental groups wereevaluated by the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Comparison of means evaluatedby Student T-test. The significant p-value was ≤ 0.05.Results: The experimental group showed significant elevation of serum GnRH levels and fibrotic changes withhigh collagen deposition (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Exposure to arsenic via contaminated drinking water is disruptive for the female reproductive tractand endocrine system. \u0000How to cite this: Mir A, Mir UZ, Hussain W, Irfan A, Butt HA, Sarwar U. Impact of Short-Term Arsenic Exposure on Hormonal Balance and Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 187-192. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.64","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Neem leaves extract on hepatocyte and nucleardiameters of Albino Wistar rats induced by erythromycin hepatotoxicity.Study Design: Laboratory-based Experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Animal House ofBaqai Medical University (BMU) in Karachi, Pakistan from January 2019 to March 2019.Methods: A total of 80 Albino Wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups. The control group was markedas Group A with no interventions. In Group B only erythromycin was administered. For Group C botherythromycin and aqueous Neem leave Extract were given and for Group D only aqueous neem leave wasgiven. Animals were sacrificed and the liver weight of Albino Wistar rats was measured.Results: It was observed that rats of experimental control group A noticed no significant change inhepatocytes13.19± 0.44μm and nuclear diameters 7.18±0. 28μm (Figure.1) as this group had no interventionreceived. In group B hepatocyte diameter markedly increased by 16.54±0.6μm and a decrease in nucleardiameter of 5.20±0.30μm (p<0.01) with loss of architecture, ballooning, and edematous changes (Figure.2, 3and 4) was observed as this group received only erythromycin while group C received both erythromycin andaqueous Neem leaf extract showed histological architecture disrupted to some extent and hepatocytes14.49±80μm and nuclear diameter 6.13±0.17μm were started to improve its normal sizes (Figure.5). Group Dobserved no significant changes in hepatocytes 13.0±0.52μm and nuclear diameters 7.14±0.30μm as thisgroup only received aqueous neem leave extract (Figure.6).Conclusion: According to the current study, Erythromycin exerts oxidative stress and Changes in hepatocytesand nuclear diameters were noticeably improved by aqueous neem leaf extract, which is a powerfulantioxidant. How to cite this: Jamshed N, Raza I, Razzaq M, Jamshed N, Rasheed A, Faisal L. Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Neem Leaves Extract on Hepatocytes and Nuclear Diameter of Albino Wistar Rats Induced with Erythromycin Toxicity. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 228-236. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.572
研究目的评估印楝叶提取物对红霉素肝毒性诱导的白化Wistar大鼠肝细胞和核心功能的保护作用：研究地点和时间：研究于2019年1月至2019年3月在巴基斯坦卡拉奇巴凯医科大学（BMU）解剖学系和动物房进行：将 80 只白化 Wistar 大鼠平均分为 4 组。对照组为 A 组，不采取任何干预措施。B 组只使用红霉素。C 组给予红霉素和苦楝水提取物，D 组仅给予苦楝水提取物。动物被处死，并测量白化 Wistar 大鼠的肝脏重量：结果：实验对照 A 组大鼠的肝细胞直径为 13.19±0.44μm，核直径为 7.18±0.28μm（图 1）。B 组肝细胞直径明显增大 16.54±0.6μm，核直径减小 5.20±0.30μm（p<0.01），并伴有结构丧失、气球和水肿变化（图 2、C组同时接受红霉素和水相印楝叶提取物治疗，组织学结构受到一定程度的破坏，肝细胞直径（14.49±80μm）和核直径（6.13±0.17μm）开始恢复正常大小（图 5）。D组由于只接受楝树叶水提取物，肝细胞13.0±0.52μm和核直径7.14±0.30μm无明显变化（图6）：根据目前的研究，印楝叶水提取物是一种强有力的抗氧化剂，它能明显改善红霉素对肝细胞的氧化应激和肝细胞核直径的变化。如何引用Jamshed N, Raza I, Razzaq M, Jamshed N, Rasheed A, Faisal L. Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Neem Leaves Extract on Hepatocytes and Nuclear Diameter of Albino Wistar Rats Induced with Erythromycin Toxicity.生命与科学2024; 5(2):228-236. DOI: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.572
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Neem Leaves Extract on Hepatocytes and Nuclear Diameter of Albino Wistar Rats Induced with Erythromycin Toxicity","authors":"N. Jamshed, Iffat Raza, Mehwish Razzaq, Naureen Jamshed, Aaqiba Rasheed, Lubna Faisal","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.572","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Neem leaves extract on hepatocyte and nucleardiameters of Albino Wistar rats induced by erythromycin hepatotoxicity.Study Design: Laboratory-based Experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Animal House ofBaqai Medical University (BMU) in Karachi, Pakistan from January 2019 to March 2019.Methods: A total of 80 Albino Wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups. The control group was markedas Group A with no interventions. In Group B only erythromycin was administered. For Group C botherythromycin and aqueous Neem leave Extract were given and for Group D only aqueous neem leave wasgiven. Animals were sacrificed and the liver weight of Albino Wistar rats was measured.Results: It was observed that rats of experimental control group A noticed no significant change inhepatocytes13.19± 0.44μm and nuclear diameters 7.18±0. 28μm (Figure.1) as this group had no interventionreceived. In group B hepatocyte diameter markedly increased by 16.54±0.6μm and a decrease in nucleardiameter of 5.20±0.30μm (p<0.01) with loss of architecture, ballooning, and edematous changes (Figure.2, 3and 4) was observed as this group received only erythromycin while group C received both erythromycin andaqueous Neem leaf extract showed histological architecture disrupted to some extent and hepatocytes14.49±80μm and nuclear diameter 6.13±0.17μm were started to improve its normal sizes (Figure.5). Group Dobserved no significant changes in hepatocytes 13.0±0.52μm and nuclear diameters 7.14±0.30μm as thisgroup only received aqueous neem leave extract (Figure.6).Conclusion: According to the current study, Erythromycin exerts oxidative stress and Changes in hepatocytesand nuclear diameters were noticeably improved by aqueous neem leaf extract, which is a powerfulantioxidant. \u0000How to cite this: Jamshed N, Raza I, Razzaq M, Jamshed N, Rasheed A, Faisal L. Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Neem Leaves Extract on Hepatocytes and Nuclear Diameter of Albino Wistar Rats Induced with Erythromycin Toxicity. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 228-236. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.572","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ali Ather, Rehma Shanze Alam, Sumaira Qambar Bokhari, Aysha Butt
Objective: This study's objectives were two-fold. First, it examined the direct relationship between social media overload and academic performance. Second, it analyzed the mediating role of anxiety between social media overload and the academic performance of medical students. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Medical Education of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Ameer-ud-Din (PGMI) Medical College, Lahore, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore and Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College Lahore, Pakistan from June 2021 to January 2022.Methods: Data from 259 medical students were collected using a convenience sampling technique through self-administered questionnaires. The study included medical students from the second to final year of MBBS.Results: Hayes PROCESS Macro analysis in SPSS showed that social media overload and academic performance were related to one another (β=-0.198, p<0.05) which had significance in statistics. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed a statistically significant and partial mediating role of anxiety between social media overload and academic performance (Indirect Effect = -.0734, p<0.05).Conclusion: Findings revealed that social media overload directly influenced the academic performance of medical students. Additionally, anxiety as a mediator negatively impacted the relationship between social media overload and academic performance. How to cite this: Ather MA, Alam RS, Bokhari SQ, Butt A. Examining the Impact of Social Media Overload on the Academic Performance of Medical Students. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 160-165. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.446
目标：本研究有两个目的。首先，研究社交媒体超载与学习成绩之间的直接关系。其次，分析焦虑在社交媒体超载与医学生学习成绩之间的中介作用。研究设计：横断面研究。研究地点和时间：研究于 2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 1 月在巴基斯坦拉合尔阿拉玛-伊克巴尔医学院医学教育系、拉合尔阿米尔-丁（PGMI）医学院、拉合尔医学科学服务学院和拉合尔谢赫-哈利法-本-扎耶德-阿勒纳哈扬医学和牙科学院进行：采用方便抽样技术，通过自填问卷收集了 259 名医科学生的数据。研究对象包括医学院本科二年级至最后一年的医学生：SPSS 中的 Hayes PROCESS 宏分析表明，社交媒体超载与学习成绩之间存在相关性（β=-0.198，P<0.05），具有统计学意义。此外，中介分析表明，焦虑在社交媒体超载与学习成绩之间起着部分中介作用（间接效应=-.0734，P<0.05），具有统计学意义：研究结果显示，社交媒体超载直接影响了医学生的学习成绩。此外，焦虑作为中介对社交媒体超载与学习成绩之间的关系产生了负面影响。引用方式Ather MA, Alam RS, Bokhari SQ, Butt A. Examining the Impact of Social Media Overload on the Academic Performance of Medical Students.生命与科学》。2024; 5(2):160-165. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.446
{"title":"Examining the Impact of Social Media Overload on the Academic Performance of Public Medical College Students of Lahore","authors":"Muhammad Ali Ather, Rehma Shanze Alam, Sumaira Qambar Bokhari, Aysha Butt","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.446","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study's objectives were two-fold. First, it examined the direct relationship between social media overload and academic performance. Second, it analyzed the mediating role of anxiety between social media overload and the academic performance of medical students. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Medical Education of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Ameer-ud-Din (PGMI) Medical College, Lahore, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore and Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College Lahore, Pakistan from June 2021 to January 2022.Methods: Data from 259 medical students were collected using a convenience sampling technique through self-administered questionnaires. The study included medical students from the second to final year of MBBS.Results: Hayes PROCESS Macro analysis in SPSS showed that social media overload and academic performance were related to one another (β=-0.198, p<0.05) which had significance in statistics. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed a statistically significant and partial mediating role of anxiety between social media overload and academic performance (Indirect Effect = -.0734, p<0.05).Conclusion: Findings revealed that social media overload directly influenced the academic performance of medical students. Additionally, anxiety as a mediator negatively impacted the relationship between social media overload and academic performance. \u0000How to cite this: Ather MA, Alam RS, Bokhari SQ, Butt A. Examining the Impact of Social Media Overload on the Academic Performance of Medical Students. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 160-165. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.446","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the relationship of biochemical parameters and echocardiogram findings with appetite and nutritional status in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Peshawar, Pakistan, from February 2022 to August 2022.Methods: The study was conducted on adult patients with heart failure for at least three months. Indoor patients, those with hospitalization within the last four weeks, and unwilling patients were excluded. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire and Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire were administered in direct face-to-face interviews. A transthoracic echocardiogram was done to document the left ventricular ejection fraction. Different hematological and biochemical parameters were also analyzed.Results: There were 76 patients aged 55.92± 15.22 years. Mean mini nutritional assessment and Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire scores were 17.89± 5.23 and 20.74± 8.19, respectively. Based on mini nutritional assessment scores, 36 were malnourished, 27 were at risk of malnutrition, and 13 had normal nutritional status. Using Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire scores, 57 were at risk of malnutrition, while 19 had no risk. Left ventricular ejection fraction and hemoglobin were lower in malnourished patients. However, there were no differences in other biochemical parameters amongst patients with good or poor nutritional status.Conclusion: Patients with heart failure had poor appetite and nutritional status proportionate to the degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. How to cite this: Saeed B, Arshad AR, Hussain M. Relationship of Biochemical Parameters and Echocardiogram Findings with Appetite and Nutritional Status in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 144-150. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.359
{"title":"Relationship of Biochemical Parameters and Echocardiogram Findings with Appetite in Patients having Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure","authors":"Bilal Saeed, Abdul Rehman Arshad, Mehmood Hussain","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.359","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the relationship of biochemical parameters and echocardiogram findings with appetite and nutritional status in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Peshawar, Pakistan, from February 2022 to August 2022.Methods: The study was conducted on adult patients with heart failure for at least three months. Indoor patients, those with hospitalization within the last four weeks, and unwilling patients were excluded. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire and Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire were administered in direct face-to-face interviews. A transthoracic echocardiogram was done to document the left ventricular ejection fraction. Different hematological and biochemical parameters were also analyzed.Results: There were 76 patients aged 55.92± 15.22 years. Mean mini nutritional assessment and Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire scores were 17.89± 5.23 and 20.74± 8.19, respectively. Based on mini nutritional assessment scores, 36 were malnourished, 27 were at risk of malnutrition, and 13 had normal nutritional status. Using Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire scores, 57 were at risk of malnutrition, while 19 had no risk. Left ventricular ejection fraction and hemoglobin were lower in malnourished patients. However, there were no differences in other biochemical parameters amongst patients with good or poor nutritional status.Conclusion: Patients with heart failure had poor appetite and nutritional status proportionate to the degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. \u0000How to cite this: Saeed B, Arshad AR, Hussain M. Relationship of Biochemical Parameters and Echocardiogram Findings with Appetite and Nutritional Status in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 144-150. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.359","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is one of the biggest emerging threats to human health and healthcare systems. Experts are suggesting that the post-antibiotic era, in which microbial infections and minor injuries will again become fatal, is near. A report published by the Antibiotics Resistance Collaborators, in the Lancet,reported that 1.27 million people died due to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in 2019.1 Deaths could reach 10 million by 2050 if the problem is not addressed. Antimicrobial resistance arises as a natural adaptation of microorganisms to environmental challenges. One typical self-defense mechanism is by producing enzymes that inactivate antimicrobial agents. Bacteria can also become resistant to β-lactams by producing β-lactamase, and by altering binding sites for antimicrobials agents (resistance to glycopeptide antibiotic agents), expressing multidrug efflux pumps such as tigecycline resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii, and limiting cell permeability for antibiotics such as Acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa.2,3th In the early 20 century, infectious diseases were the major cause of death. The advent of antibiotics led to a significant decrease in mortality.4 However, antibiotics resistance has now reached a threshold that is invalidating commonly used antibiotic agents. Currently the attempts to manage microbial resistance to antibiotics include the development of novel antimicrobial agents. However, there is no guarantee that the introduced new antimicrobial agents would be able to cope with the microbial resistance effectively andefficiently.5 Apart from developing new antibiotics, the chemical modification of existing antimicrobial agents is emerging as an upcoming strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance.4-6 Research on the effect of antibiotic associated nanoparticles on bacterial function is being conducted with the hope that advances in nanotechnology will lead to strategies for reconfiguration of presently available antibiotic molecules.Several nanomaterials have been identified as alternates for combating antimicrobial resistant strains. Each metallic and ceramic nanomaterials and more specifically their nanoparticles have their own peculiar antimicrobial properties. Studies have reported that these nanoparticles can be surface-functionalized withantimicrobial agents or molecules to further enhance their antimicrobial efficacy.6 Engineering antibiotics into nanoscale or functionalizing nanoparticles with antibiotic agents allows them to penetrate microbial cells and reach their target sites with precision and accuracy. Studies have shown that in contrast to free antibiotics, tailored functionalized nanoparticles and small antibiotic molecules have improved binding affinities andtarget specificity.6 Currently, these nanotechnology-based solutions have reported some problems like cytotoxicity, targeted selectivity, and bulk production. However, with concrete planning and a cohesive approac
{"title":"Nanoantibiotics: A Tool Against Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"Wasim Alamgir, Adnan Haider","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.657","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is one of the biggest emerging threats to human health and healthcare systems. Experts are suggesting that the post-antibiotic era, in which microbial infections and minor injuries will again become fatal, is near. A report published by the Antibiotics Resistance Collaborators, in the Lancet,reported that 1.27 million people died due to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in 2019.1 Deaths could reach 10 million by 2050 if the problem is not addressed. Antimicrobial resistance arises as a natural adaptation of microorganisms to environmental challenges. One typical self-defense mechanism is by producing enzymes that inactivate antimicrobial agents. Bacteria can also become resistant to β-lactams by producing β-lactamase, and by altering binding sites for antimicrobials agents (resistance to glycopeptide antibiotic agents), expressing multidrug efflux pumps such as tigecycline resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii, and limiting cell permeability for antibiotics such as Acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa.2,3th In the early 20 century, infectious diseases were the major cause of death. The advent of antibiotics led to a significant decrease in mortality.4 However, antibiotics resistance has now reached a threshold that is invalidating commonly used antibiotic agents. Currently the attempts to manage microbial resistance to antibiotics include the development of novel antimicrobial agents. However, there is no guarantee that the introduced new antimicrobial agents would be able to cope with the microbial resistance effectively andefficiently.5 \u0000Apart from developing new antibiotics, the chemical modification of existing antimicrobial agents is emerging as an upcoming strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance.4-6 Research on the effect of antibiotic associated nanoparticles on bacterial function is being conducted with the hope that advances in nanotechnology will lead to strategies for reconfiguration of presently available antibiotic molecules.Several nanomaterials have been identified as alternates for combating antimicrobial resistant strains. Each metallic and ceramic nanomaterials and more specifically their nanoparticles have their own peculiar antimicrobial properties. Studies have reported that these nanoparticles can be surface-functionalized withantimicrobial agents or molecules to further enhance their antimicrobial efficacy.6 Engineering antibiotics into nanoscale or functionalizing nanoparticles with antibiotic agents allows them to penetrate microbial cells and reach their target sites with precision and accuracy. Studies have shown that in contrast to free antibiotics, tailored functionalized nanoparticles and small antibiotic molecules have improved binding affinities andtarget specificity.6 Currently, these nanotechnology-based solutions have reported some problems like cytotoxicity, targeted selectivity, and bulk production. However, with concrete planning and a cohesive approac","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aasma Hashmi, Hamd Syed, Ayesha Irfan, Ali Rabbani, Amaidah Mir
Objective: To see the effects of long-term administration of itopride hydrochloride on the histomorphology of kidney of the male Wistar albino rats.Study Design: A Laboratory based experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences Multan, Pakistan from September 2020 to March 2022.Methods: The study involved two groups: Group A served as the control, and Group B functioned as the experimental group. Each group consisted of 30 adult male albino rats. The animals of group A were administered 2ml/100g of distilled water by oral gavage along with a diet for laboratory rodents daily for 15 days. The animals of group B were given 4.4mg/kg of itopride hydrochloride dissolved in 2ml/100g body weight of distilled water by oral gavage three times a day for 15 days. The kidney was processed for paraffin embedding and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The area of Bowman's space was measured by linear micrometer after calibration with a stage micrometer and image J software. The student's t-test was utilized to assess potential differences between the two groups, with significance set at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.Result: The area of Bowman's space was significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p= 0.045).Conclusion: Long-term Itopride Hydrochloride administration appears to influence the area of Bowman's Space in Wistar albino rats. How to cite this: Hashmi A, Syed H, Irfan A, Rabbani A, Mir A, Razzaq M. Quantifying Renal Changes: A Study of Area of Bowman's Space Following Prolonged Itopride Hydrochloride Exposure in Albino Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 138-143. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.539
研究目的观察长期服用盐酸伊托必利对雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠肾脏组织形态学的影响：实验室实验研究：研究于 2020 年 9 月至 2022 年 3 月在巴基斯坦木尔坦 CMH 医学院解剖学系进行：研究分为两组：A组为对照组，B组为实验组。每组由 30 只成年雄性白化大鼠组成。A 组动物每天口服 2 毫升/100 克蒸馏水和实验鼠饮食，连续 15 天。给 B 组大鼠口服溶于每 100 克体重 2 毫升蒸馏水中的 4.4 毫克/千克盐酸伊托必利，每天三次，连续 15 天。对肾脏进行石蜡包埋处理，并用过碘酸希夫（PAS）染色。用台式测微计和图像 J 软件校准后，用线性测微计测量鲍曼间隙的面积。采用学生 t 检验来评估两组之间的潜在差异，显著性以 p 值≤0.05 为限：结果：与对照组相比，实验组的鲍曼氏间隙面积明显增加（p= 0.045）：结论：长期服用盐酸伊托必利可影响 Wistar 白化大鼠鲍曼氏间隙的面积。引用方式Hashmi A, Syed H, Irfan A, Rabbani A, Mir A, Razzaq M. Quantifying Renal Changes：白化大鼠长期接触盐酸伊托必利后鲍曼间隙面积的研究》。生命与科学》。2024; 5(2):138-143. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.539
{"title":"Quantifying Renal Changes: A Study of Area of Bowman's Space Following Prolonged Itopride Hydrochloride Exposure in Albino Rats","authors":"Aasma Hashmi, Hamd Syed, Ayesha Irfan, Ali Rabbani, Amaidah Mir","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.539","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To see the effects of long-term administration of itopride hydrochloride on the histomorphology of kidney of the male Wistar albino rats.Study Design: A Laboratory based experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences Multan, Pakistan from September 2020 to March 2022.Methods: The study involved two groups: Group A served as the control, and Group B functioned as the experimental group. Each group consisted of 30 adult male albino rats. The animals of group A were administered 2ml/100g of distilled water by oral gavage along with a diet for laboratory rodents daily for 15 days. The animals of group B were given 4.4mg/kg of itopride hydrochloride dissolved in 2ml/100g body weight of distilled water by oral gavage three times a day for 15 days. The kidney was processed for paraffin embedding and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The area of Bowman's space was measured by linear micrometer after calibration with a stage micrometer and image J software. The student's t-test was utilized to assess potential differences between the two groups, with significance set at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.Result: The area of Bowman's space was significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p= 0.045).Conclusion: Long-term Itopride Hydrochloride administration appears to influence the area of Bowman's Space in Wistar albino rats. \u0000How to cite this: Hashmi A, Syed H, Irfan A, Rabbani A, Mir A, Razzaq M. Quantifying Renal Changes: A Study of Area of Bowman's Space Following Prolonged Itopride Hydrochloride Exposure in Albino Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 138-143. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.539","PeriodicalId":516717,"journal":{"name":"Life and Science","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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