Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/14703572231173077
Bimbisar Irom
The ongoing Rohingya refugee crisis that originated in Myanmar has displaced over a million people since the 1990s (UNHCR, nd, ‘Rohingya refugee emergency at a glance’). This article examines visuals of Rohingya refugees from the latest round of violence beginning August 2017 that has led to the exodus of nearly 750,000 refugees to countries in South and Southeast Asia. Images are from reliable newspapers of three countries in that region. The study identifies prominent visual themes, examines image sources and investigates whether visualizations changed over time. By analyzing media images through a content analysis and textual analysis, the author’s goal is to contribute to the complex area of visual framing in which journalists, news outlets, audiences and dominant cultural assumptions play various roles. Results show coverage tended towards the negative and that Western news agencies could play a part in this. Although geographical proximity had an effect, shared religion between the refugees and host populations seems to have minimal impact on coverage. Study of theme change over time was complicated by Covid-19 as newspapers recycled older images possibly due to travel restrictions.
{"title":"Visual themes and frames of the Rohingya crisis: newspaper content from three countries neighboring Myanmar","authors":"Bimbisar Irom","doi":"10.1177/14703572231173077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231173077","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing Rohingya refugee crisis that originated in Myanmar has displaced over a million people since the 1990s (UNHCR, nd, ‘Rohingya refugee emergency at a glance’). This article examines visuals of Rohingya refugees from the latest round of violence beginning August 2017 that has led to the exodus of nearly 750,000 refugees to countries in South and Southeast Asia. Images are from reliable newspapers of three countries in that region. The study identifies prominent visual themes, examines image sources and investigates whether visualizations changed over time. By analyzing media images through a content analysis and textual analysis, the author’s goal is to contribute to the complex area of visual framing in which journalists, news outlets, audiences and dominant cultural assumptions play various roles. Results show coverage tended towards the negative and that Western news agencies could play a part in this. Although geographical proximity had an effect, shared religion between the refugees and host populations seems to have minimal impact on coverage. Study of theme change over time was complicated by Covid-19 as newspapers recycled older images possibly due to travel restrictions.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86177961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/14703572231173079
Lorenz Klumpp
By drawing on a communication-based approach to populism, this article argues that populism research should put more emphasis on the performative and stylistic dimension of the phenomenon, including its visual elements, in different media formats. The study theoretically refers to the distinction of populism through and by the media, which has been discussed to a great extent in populist political communication research. Empirically, the author focuses on visual representations of politicians on the covers of the German news weekly Der Spiegel as well as those of Compact – a far-right alternative magazine. The article argues that political magazines contribute to how the political is imagined, particularly by the visual messages they convey via their front pages. An image type analysis of both magazines’ covers between 2010 and 2020 is conducted ( N = 103) in order to explore patterns in the visual representations of German politicians disseminated by the magazines. On the one hand, the comparison of a mainstream and far-right alternative medium enriches the theoretical debate of how populism is strengthened by opportunity structures through the media. On the other hand, the issue of how populism is actively promoted by the media is addressed.
{"title":"Exploring the distinction between populism through and by the media from a visual perspective: representations of German politicians on magazine covers of Der Spiegel and Compact","authors":"Lorenz Klumpp","doi":"10.1177/14703572231173079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231173079","url":null,"abstract":"By drawing on a communication-based approach to populism, this article argues that populism research should put more emphasis on the performative and stylistic dimension of the phenomenon, including its visual elements, in different media formats. The study theoretically refers to the distinction of populism through and by the media, which has been discussed to a great extent in populist political communication research. Empirically, the author focuses on visual representations of politicians on the covers of the German news weekly Der Spiegel as well as those of Compact – a far-right alternative magazine. The article argues that political magazines contribute to how the political is imagined, particularly by the visual messages they convey via their front pages. An image type analysis of both magazines’ covers between 2010 and 2020 is conducted ( N = 103) in order to explore patterns in the visual representations of German politicians disseminated by the magazines. On the one hand, the comparison of a mainstream and far-right alternative medium enriches the theoretical debate of how populism is strengthened by opportunity structures through the media. On the other hand, the issue of how populism is actively promoted by the media is addressed.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84229851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/14703572231171675
Nisha Garud-Patkar, Kareem El Damanhoury
China came under intense international scrutiny after it was accused of suppressing information, silencing its doctors, and destroying laboratory evidence that led to the spread of COVID-19. To understand how China attempted to rebuild its reputation, this article examines the visual frames and semiotic devices used to depict Chinese frontline workers and the country’s health governance across 289 photographs posted by China’s state-owned Xinhua News Agency on Instagram. Healthcare workers appeared as soldiers working tirelessly on the COVID-19 battlefield, while also revealing their human emotions and vulnerabilities at times. Further, the efforts of the frontline workers were perpetually showcased as guided by the Chinese leaders who were omnipresent either physically or through Communist symbols. Xinhua’s photographs thus presented the Chinese leadership as the architect in establishing a competent health sector that overcame the pandemic – a paradigm for the world to follow. The study discusses the implications for the state’s portrayal of global health governance during crises.
{"title":"China’s Instagram war on COVID-19: picturing healthcare workers and governance in Xinhua’s photographs","authors":"Nisha Garud-Patkar, Kareem El Damanhoury","doi":"10.1177/14703572231171675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231171675","url":null,"abstract":"China came under intense international scrutiny after it was accused of suppressing information, silencing its doctors, and destroying laboratory evidence that led to the spread of COVID-19. To understand how China attempted to rebuild its reputation, this article examines the visual frames and semiotic devices used to depict Chinese frontline workers and the country’s health governance across 289 photographs posted by China’s state-owned Xinhua News Agency on Instagram. Healthcare workers appeared as soldiers working tirelessly on the COVID-19 battlefield, while also revealing their human emotions and vulnerabilities at times. Further, the efforts of the frontline workers were perpetually showcased as guided by the Chinese leaders who were omnipresent either physically or through Communist symbols. Xinhua’s photographs thus presented the Chinese leadership as the architect in establishing a competent health sector that overcame the pandemic – a paradigm for the world to follow. The study discusses the implications for the state’s portrayal of global health governance during crises.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87140829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-20DOI: 10.1177/14703572231173069
Xiaoyi Sun
{"title":"Book review: Experimental Games: Critique, Play and Design in the Age of Gamification","authors":"Xiaoyi Sun","doi":"10.1177/14703572231173069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231173069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86105493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.1177/14703572231158762
Amanda R. Smith
In this visual essay, both photographs and talk are presented as four teenage artists from the northeastern United States study their engagement with texts in their everyday lives. What emerges is a representation of the young artists’ metaliteracies as they come to understand not only what their literacies are like but how they might matter.
{"title":"Literate matterings: young artists creating and talking about photography and meaning","authors":"Amanda R. Smith","doi":"10.1177/14703572231158762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231158762","url":null,"abstract":"In this visual essay, both photographs and talk are presented as four teenage artists from the northeastern United States study their engagement with texts in their everyday lives. What emerges is a representation of the young artists’ metaliteracies as they come to understand not only what their literacies are like but how they might matter.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86657669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/14703572231161829
Tuomo Hiippala
This article presents a data-driven analysis of multimodal genre in a corpus of primary school science diagrams that contains multiple layers of cross-referenced annotations for multimodal discourse structure. The aim is to identify diagram genres in the corpus and describe their multimodal characteristics. To do so, information about expressive resources used in the diagrams and the discourse relations between them is extracted from the corpus, and computer vision is used to approximate the visual appearance of the diagrams. The article also presents a new method for quantifying information about the use of layout space. The resulting description of multimodal discourse structure is processed using UMAP, an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm, in order to identify diagrams that exhibit similar structural characteristics. The analysis allows the identification and characterization of four diagram genres in the corpus, which adopt different rhetorical strategies in combining expressive resources into discourse structures. The analysis also reveals that layout plays a major role in shaping the genre space, which can be further refined using information about the discourse structure. Overall, the results suggest that computational methods can be used to characterize multimodal genre from a bottom-up perspective using low-level information about expressive resources and layout.
{"title":"Corpus-based insights into multimodality and genre in primary school science diagrams","authors":"Tuomo Hiippala","doi":"10.1177/14703572231161829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231161829","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a data-driven analysis of multimodal genre in a corpus of primary school science diagrams that contains multiple layers of cross-referenced annotations for multimodal discourse structure. The aim is to identify diagram genres in the corpus and describe their multimodal characteristics. To do so, information about expressive resources used in the diagrams and the discourse relations between them is extracted from the corpus, and computer vision is used to approximate the visual appearance of the diagrams. The article also presents a new method for quantifying information about the use of layout space. The resulting description of multimodal discourse structure is processed using UMAP, an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm, in order to identify diagrams that exhibit similar structural characteristics. The analysis allows the identification and characterization of four diagram genres in the corpus, which adopt different rhetorical strategies in combining expressive resources into discourse structures. The analysis also reveals that layout plays a major role in shaping the genre space, which can be further refined using information about the discourse structure. Overall, the results suggest that computational methods can be used to characterize multimodal genre from a bottom-up perspective using low-level information about expressive resources and layout.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"339 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76391148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1177/14703572231155593
Renato Antonio Bertão, Myeong-heum Yeoun, Jaewoo Joo
Artificial intelligence is already embedded in several digital tools used across design disciplines. Although it offers advantages in automating and facilitating design tasks, this technology has constraints to empowering practitioners. AI systems steadily incorporate machine learning to deliver meaningful designs but fail in critical dimensions such as creativity. Moreover, the intensive use of AI features to provide a design solution – so-called AI design – challenges the boundaries of the design field and designers’ roles. AI-powered logo makers exemplify a horizon where non-designers can access design tools to create a personal or business visual identity. However, in the current context, these online businesses are limited to randomize layout solutions lacking the visual properties a logo requires. This article reports mixed-method research focusing on AI-powered logo makers’ processes and outcomes. We investigated their capability to deliver consistent logo designs and to what extent their algorithms address logo design principles. Initially, our study identified representative visual principles in logo design-related literature. After probing AI-powered logo makers’ features that enable logo creation, we conducted an exploratory experiment to obtain solutions. Finally, we invited logo design experts to evaluate whether three visual principles (proportion, balance and unity) were incorporated into the layouts. The assessment’s results suggest that these AI design tools must calibrate the algorithms to provide solutions that meet expected logo design standards. Even focusing on a particular AI tool and a few visual principles, our research contributes to initial directions for developing algorithms that embody the complex aspects of visual design syntax.
{"title":"A blind spot in AI-powered logo makers: visual design principles","authors":"Renato Antonio Bertão, Myeong-heum Yeoun, Jaewoo Joo","doi":"10.1177/14703572231155593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231155593","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence is already embedded in several digital tools used across design disciplines. Although it offers advantages in automating and facilitating design tasks, this technology has constraints to empowering practitioners. AI systems steadily incorporate machine learning to deliver meaningful designs but fail in critical dimensions such as creativity. Moreover, the intensive use of AI features to provide a design solution – so-called AI design – challenges the boundaries of the design field and designers’ roles. AI-powered logo makers exemplify a horizon where non-designers can access design tools to create a personal or business visual identity. However, in the current context, these online businesses are limited to randomize layout solutions lacking the visual properties a logo requires. This article reports mixed-method research focusing on AI-powered logo makers’ processes and outcomes. We investigated their capability to deliver consistent logo designs and to what extent their algorithms address logo design principles. Initially, our study identified representative visual principles in logo design-related literature. After probing AI-powered logo makers’ features that enable logo creation, we conducted an exploratory experiment to obtain solutions. Finally, we invited logo design experts to evaluate whether three visual principles (proportion, balance and unity) were incorporated into the layouts. The assessment’s results suggest that these AI design tools must calibrate the algorithms to provide solutions that meet expected logo design standards. Even focusing on a particular AI tool and a few visual principles, our research contributes to initial directions for developing algorithms that embody the complex aspects of visual design syntax.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76464377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1177/14703572231157042
Catherine Ma, Carol Green, Jinfeng Zhao, V. Egli, T. Clark, Niamh Donnellan, Melody Smith
Research dissemination to target stakeholders including communities, policymakers and practitioners is a fundamental element of successful research projects. For many of these stakeholders, however, barriers to access and uptake exist, including time taken to publish, academic jargon, language barriers, paywalled articles and time taken to consume and understand academic outputs. Ultimately these barriers could prevent research from reaching target audiences or could severely delay the uptake of key research messages. Creative and visual dissemination approaches as a complement to traditional academic outputs offer numerous advantages and may improve real-world uptake in a timely manner. In this practitioner piece, the authors present detailed methods for the development of a graphic novel using research findings from an online survey that asked children what they liked about their neighbourhood during COVID-19 lockdowns in Aotearoa New Zealand. Here, they share critical reflections from the process of developing and disseminating this creative communication, with the aim of informing and supporting future creative and visual dissemination of research findings.
{"title":"Creative and visual communication of health research: development of a graphic novel to share children’s neighbourhood perspectives of COVID-19 lockdowns in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Catherine Ma, Carol Green, Jinfeng Zhao, V. Egli, T. Clark, Niamh Donnellan, Melody Smith","doi":"10.1177/14703572231157042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231157042","url":null,"abstract":"Research dissemination to target stakeholders including communities, policymakers and practitioners is a fundamental element of successful research projects. For many of these stakeholders, however, barriers to access and uptake exist, including time taken to publish, academic jargon, language barriers, paywalled articles and time taken to consume and understand academic outputs. Ultimately these barriers could prevent research from reaching target audiences or could severely delay the uptake of key research messages. Creative and visual dissemination approaches as a complement to traditional academic outputs offer numerous advantages and may improve real-world uptake in a timely manner. In this practitioner piece, the authors present detailed methods for the development of a graphic novel using research findings from an online survey that asked children what they liked about their neighbourhood during COVID-19 lockdowns in Aotearoa New Zealand. Here, they share critical reflections from the process of developing and disseminating this creative communication, with the aim of informing and supporting future creative and visual dissemination of research findings.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1177/14703572231161832
Linlin Song, Hulin Ren
{"title":"Book review: Photographs and the Practice of History","authors":"Linlin Song, Hulin Ren","doi":"10.1177/14703572231161832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572231161832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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