Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.797.812
The participation of women in criminal activity in Kosovo has not received ample attention in research, despite existing studies focusing on women as victims. This paper aims to address this gap and lay the groundwork for further investigation. The study examines the phenomenon of women convicted with final verdicts, covering the period from 2003 to 2009 regarding volume and dynamics, and from 2010 to 2019 regarding the structure of criminal acts. It delves into the etiology of these crimes, analyzing the factors contributing to the increasing dynamics and the types of offenses committed during these years. Special attention is given to electricity theft, offenses against public transport safety, and offenses against life and bodily integrity. The paper uses the quantitative method, statistical analysis, and comparative analysis with other countries, such as Slovenia, Croatia, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia in the same period.
{"title":"Convicted Women in the Republic of Kosovo 2003-2019: The Volume, Dynamics, and Structure of Criminal Acts in Comparative Aspect","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.797.812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.797.812","url":null,"abstract":"The participation of women in criminal activity in Kosovo has not\u0000received ample attention in research, despite existing studies focusing on women\u0000as victims. This paper aims to address this gap and lay the groundwork for further\u0000investigation. The study examines the phenomenon of women convicted with final\u0000verdicts, covering the period from 2003 to 2009 regarding volume and dynamics,\u0000and from 2010 to 2019 regarding the structure of criminal acts. It delves into the\u0000etiology of these crimes, analyzing the factors contributing to the increasing\u0000dynamics and the types of offenses committed during these years. Special\u0000attention is given to electricity theft, offenses against public transport safety, and\u0000offenses against life and bodily integrity. The paper uses the quantitative method,\u0000statistical analysis, and comparative analysis with other countries, such as\u0000Slovenia, Croatia, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia,\u0000and Serbia in the same period.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study study addresses the crime of medical confidentiality breach. This is committed by a physician, by defining the concept of medical confidentiality. It is entrusted to the physician to safeguard, as well as outlining the conditions of medical confidentiality, and specifying the elements of this crime, represented by the legal, material, and moral aspects, along with the legal basis for preserving patient confidentiality. It also discusses situations where disclosure of patient secrets is permissible and the termination of the obligation of medical confidentiality. Furthermore, it elucidates the penalties imposed on perpetrators of this crime according to legal texts. To clarify the subject of the paper; the study aims to demonstrate; the Concept of Medical Confidentiality, Conditions of Medical Confidentiality, Elements of the Crime of Medical Confidentiality Breach by the Forensic Physician, Legal Basis for Patient Confidentiality, Cases Permitting Disclosure of Patient Secrets, Termination of the Obligation of Medical Secrecy, and Penalties for Violating Medical Secrecy.
{"title":"Medical Confidentiality Breach Crime","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.87.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.87.97","url":null,"abstract":"This study study addresses the crime of medical confidentiality breach. This is committed by a physician, by defining the concept of medical confidentiality. It is entrusted to the physician to safeguard, as well as outlining the conditions of medical confidentiality, and specifying the elements of this crime, represented by the legal, material, and moral aspects, along with the legal basis for preserving patient confidentiality. It also discusses situations where disclosure of patient secrets is permissible and the termination of the obligation of medical confidentiality. Furthermore, it elucidates the penalties imposed on perpetrators of this crime according to legal texts. To clarify the subject of the paper; the study aims to demonstrate; the Concept of Medical Confidentiality, Conditions of Medical Confidentiality, Elements of the Crime of Medical Confidentiality Breach by the Forensic Physician, Legal Basis for Patient Confidentiality, Cases Permitting Disclosure of Patient Secrets, Termination of the Obligation of Medical Secrecy, and Penalties for Violating Medical Secrecy.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.929.942
Online Gambling may increase rates of disordered gambling due to its high degree of accessibility, immersive interface and simply spending money for these activities. The problem of college students developing an addiction to internet gambling has received increased attention recently in India. The availability of online gambling sites and the pervasive use of mobile devices puts a lot of college students at risk of developing a gambling addiction. Teenagers engage in both regulated and non-regulated forms of gambling. Different forms of non-regulated gambling activities include skill-based games, dice, sports betting, and card games amongst peers. Online gambling has opened the doors for entrepreneurs to be involved in fraud, theft, extortion, and money laundering in the gambling sites. This study through a questionnaire survey investigates the exponential growth of online gambling. The objective of the study is to bring out the demographic variables’ influence on online gambling addiction among college Students.
{"title":"Online Gambling Addiction: A Study among College Students of Kerala State, India","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.929.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.929.942","url":null,"abstract":"Online Gambling may increase rates of disordered gambling due to its high degree of accessibility, immersive interface and simply spending money for these activities. The problem of college students developing an addiction to internet gambling has received increased attention recently in India. The availability of online gambling sites and the pervasive use of mobile devices puts a lot of college students at risk of developing a gambling addiction. Teenagers engage in both regulated and non-regulated forms of gambling. Different forms of non-regulated gambling activities include skill-based games, dice, sports betting, and card games amongst peers. Online gambling has opened the doors for entrepreneurs to be involved in fraud, theft, extortion, and money laundering in the gambling sites. This study through a questionnaire survey investigates the exponential growth of online gambling. The objective of the study is to bring out the demographic variables’ influence on online gambling addiction among college Students.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"36 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1163.1176
The advancement of science and technology has spurned an expansion in patent entitlements, particularly evident in the extension of the object, content, and term of these rights. Currently, the world's criminal legislation is in the trend of criminalization, the expansion of patent rights further promotes the criminalization of patent protection and is embodied in the change process of the patent legal system. To comply with the trend of criminalization of patent protection, it is necessary to establish the offense of patent infringement. This is not only an effective way for criminal law to play its role as the ultimate safeguard, but also an important system for encouraging market competition and promoting economic development.
{"title":"On the Establishment of Patent Infringement Offense: A Perspective on the Expansion of Patent Rights","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1163.1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1163.1176","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of science and technology has spurned an expansion in\u0000patent entitlements, particularly evident in the extension of the object, content, and\u0000term of these rights. Currently, the world's criminal legislation is in the trend of\u0000criminalization, the expansion of patent rights further promotes the criminalization\u0000of patent protection and is embodied in the change process of the patent legal\u0000system. To comply with the trend of criminalization of patent protection, it is\u0000necessary to establish the offense of patent infringement. This is not only an\u0000effective way for criminal law to play its role as the ultimate safeguard, but also an\u0000important system for encouraging market competition and promoting economic\u0000development.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"41 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1119.1136
The entire world is facing a tremendous acceleration in the development of the fashion industry and responding to the highly increasing demand for fashion items. However, the fashion industry is the main root of creating tons of environmental problems and greenhouse gas emissions in the corporate production process. Fast fashion is the new fashion trend, which has continuously been harming the environment, specifically contributes to carbon emissions and many other scenarios. The expansion of fast fashion products in the modern age all over the world has also created preferable conditions for nurturing fast fashion brands in Vietnam. In addition, it helps the advent of foreign fast fashion brands penetrate the Vietnam market. As a result, the Government needs to pay attention to some issues related to policies, laws, environmental protection, and sustainable development goals of net emissions in Vietnam. In the content of this article, the author examines the fast fashion trends in Vietnam from the perspective of law enforcement, and environmental protection under the goal of maintaining sustainable development, thereby making some necessary recommendations for improving the relevant legal policy.
{"title":"Fast Fashion Issue in Vietnam: Legal Aspects and Environmental Protection","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1119.1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1119.1136","url":null,"abstract":"The entire world is facing a tremendous acceleration in the development of\u0000the fashion industry and responding to the highly increasing demand for fashion\u0000items. However, the fashion industry is the main root of creating tons of\u0000environmental problems and greenhouse gas emissions in the corporate production\u0000process. Fast fashion is the new fashion trend, which has continuously been\u0000harming the environment, specifically contributes to carbon emissions and many\u0000other scenarios. The expansion of fast fashion products in the modern age all over\u0000the world has also created preferable conditions for nurturing fast fashion brands in\u0000Vietnam. In addition, it helps the advent of foreign fast fashion brands penetrate the\u0000Vietnam market. As a result, the Government needs to pay attention to some issues\u0000related to policies, laws, environmental protection, and sustainable development\u0000goals of net emissions in Vietnam. In the content of this article, the author examines\u0000the fast fashion trends in Vietnam from the perspective of law enforcement, and\u0000environmental protection under the goal of maintaining sustainable development,\u0000thereby making some necessary recommendations for improving the relevant legal\u0000policy.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under criminal jurisprudence, a crime is generally different from an offence, however, in Pakistan, both of them are seen as the same thing. There are different categories of crimes under Anglo-American jurisprudence, however, Pakistan does not follow this model and has categorized offences into three types on the touchstone of the presence of mens rea as the significance of mens rea is such that its presence or lack thereof changes the whole category of crime altogether. There are three essential elements of a crime: mens rea, actus reus, and concurrence, and the Pakistani Courts with a handful of exceptions mention the first two as the only elements while forgetting concurrence. While there is a presumption of mens rea for every offence, the same can be ruled out by the statute itself. The onus to prove the guilt of the accused is on the prosecution through reliable and admissible evidence as a person is deemed innocent until proven guilty. The methodology used in this paper is doctrinal.
{"title":"The Elements of Crime under the Pakistani Legal System: An Overview","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.75.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.75.86","url":null,"abstract":"Under criminal jurisprudence, a crime is generally different from an offence, however, in Pakistan, both of them are seen as the same thing. There are different categories of crimes under Anglo-American jurisprudence, however, Pakistan does not follow this model and has categorized offences into three types on the touchstone of the presence of mens rea as the significance of mens rea is such that its presence or lack thereof changes the whole category of crime altogether. There are three essential elements of a crime: mens rea, actus reus, and concurrence, and the Pakistani Courts with a handful of exceptions mention the first two as the only elements while forgetting concurrence. While there is a presumption of mens rea for every offence, the same can be ruled out by the statute itself. The onus to prove the guilt of the accused is on the prosecution through reliable and admissible evidence as a person is deemed innocent until proven guilty. The methodology used in this paper is doctrinal.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.133.144
In the varying opinions on the legal groundwork and impact of aviation obligations, this paper review analyses the airline's responsibility and its part in ensuring the security of the passengers when they board the aircraft. In nations without any aviation regulations, the issue gets worse. In these situations, the obligation for instances of air terrorism is established with relevance to principles of general obligation. This is inconsistent, given the nature of air travel and the accidents that occur in this context. Why, if at all, is the air carrier responsible for the harm that terrorist attacks bring to the passengers? The article is to urge global legislators to relieve the airline of its responsibilities
{"title":"The Joint Responsibility of the Air Carrier Established in accordance with International Conventions on the Status of Air Terrorism","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.133.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.133.144","url":null,"abstract":"In the varying opinions on the legal groundwork and impact of aviation\u0000obligations, this paper review analyses the airline's responsibility and its part in\u0000ensuring the security of the passengers when they board the aircraft. In nations\u0000without any aviation regulations, the issue gets worse. In these situations, the\u0000obligation for instances of air terrorism is established with relevance to principles\u0000of general obligation. This is inconsistent, given the nature of air travel and the\u0000accidents that occur in this context. Why, if at all, is the air carrier responsible for\u0000the harm that terrorist attacks bring to the passengers? The article is to urge global\u0000legislators to relieve the airline of its responsibilities","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"91 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.217.230
Preventing and protecting youth and society from drug harm is a goal that everyone seeks to achieve. In the first place, the legislative authority is entrusted with enacting laws and regulations to curb the new crimes, as the legislator succeeded in addressing in terms of criminalization and punishment for the crime of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. However, there is a legislative vacuum to stipulate a crime Digital drug, which the prosecution stands in front of confronting this crime in the absence of a text criminalizing this act based on the legal element of the crime (There is no crime and no punishment except by a text) which exacerbated the problem and made the matter more complicated. This study lies in shedding light on the possibility of providing digital drugs as reliable evidence to the investigation authorities, just like other types of drugs. The Results It's hard to criminalize digital drugs, because the Public Prosecution‘s reliance on the hormone dopamine in criminalization only, leads to the loss of the criminal case in proof by the Public Prosecution Office in the face of the accused, due to the difficulty of determining.
{"title":"Addiction in the Age of the Internet: The Case of E-drugs in the UAE","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.217.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.217.230","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing and protecting youth and society from drug harm is a goal that\u0000everyone seeks to achieve. In the first place, the legislative authority is entrusted\u0000with enacting laws and regulations to curb the new crimes, as the legislator\u0000succeeded in addressing in terms of criminalization and punishment for the crime\u0000of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. However, there is a legislative\u0000vacuum to stipulate a crime Digital drug, which the prosecution stands in front of\u0000confronting this crime in the absence of a text criminalizing this act based on the\u0000legal element of the crime (There is no crime and no punishment except by a text)\u0000which exacerbated the problem and made the matter more complicated. This study\u0000lies in shedding light on the possibility of providing digital drugs as reliable\u0000evidence to the investigation authorities, just like other types of drugs. The Results\u0000It's hard to criminalize digital drugs, because the Public Prosecution‘s reliance on\u0000the hormone dopamine in criminalization only, leads to the loss of the criminal\u0000case in proof by the Public Prosecution Office in the face of the accused, due to\u0000the difficulty of determining.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.719.732
Missing the opportunity refers to any potential gain or hope prevented from being incurred by the injured party due to the fault of the party responsible for the damage. Compensation for such losses in contractual liability is only allowed in cases of fraud or gross error. Whereas tort liability includes the loss suffered by the injured party and the lost profits as a result of this mistake. If the victim had the hope and ability to achieve an opportunity based on reasonable reasons, if the harmful act did not prevent him from realizing this hope and the ability to achieve a gain, he deserves compensation for missing this opportunity, not the opportunity itself. The scope of compensation in tort includes expected and unforeseen damage, in addition to moral damage, including the harm suffered by the injured party and the lost profits. Compensation within the scope of contractual liability includes actual damage, as the Jordanian legislator did not address the issue of compensation for lost earnings within the scope of contractual liability.
{"title":"Compensation for Missed Opportunity within the Scope of Contractual Liability in Jordanian Legislation: A Comparative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.719.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.719.732","url":null,"abstract":"Missing the opportunity refers to any potential gain or hope prevented from\u0000being incurred by the injured party due to the fault of the party responsible for the\u0000damage. Compensation for such losses in contractual liability is only allowed in\u0000cases of fraud or gross error. Whereas tort liability includes the loss suffered by the\u0000injured party and the lost profits as a result of this mistake. If the victim had the hope\u0000and ability to achieve an opportunity based on reasonable reasons, if the harmful act\u0000did not prevent him from realizing this hope and the ability to achieve a gain, he\u0000deserves compensation for missing this opportunity, not the opportunity itself. The\u0000scope of compensation in tort includes expected and unforeseen damage, in addition\u0000to moral damage, including the harm suffered by the injured party and the lost\u0000profits. Compensation within the scope of contractual liability includes actual\u0000damage, as the Jordanian legislator did not address the issue of compensation for lost\u0000earnings within the scope of contractual liability.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"174 S400","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.405.418
The transformation of public legal consciousness during the legitimation of the European integration of Ukraine is key in ensuring the legal system’s effectiveness and determining the vector of further socio-economic development. The legitimation of European integration involves the implementation of state management and the implementation of information policy for the legitimacy of the vector of development based on the perception of socio-political opinion. The article aims to determine the level of development of public legal awareness during the European integration of Ukraine. The research employed empirical methods — surveys and forecasting. The work revealed a positive trend of the European integration of Ukraine and a positive perception of this process by society. The results regarding the negative trend of mass media perception at the level of 50% of public trust are interpreted, which requires improvement of the information policy. A promising direction for further research is conducting a correlational analysis based on the Trust in Media and the Rule of Law Index.
{"title":"The Role of the Transformation of Public Legal Consciousness during Legitimation of the European integration of Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.405.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.405.418","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of public legal consciousness during the legitimation\u0000of the European integration of Ukraine is key in ensuring the legal system’s\u0000effectiveness and determining the vector of further socio-economic development.\u0000The legitimation of European integration involves the implementation of state\u0000management and the implementation of information policy for the legitimacy of\u0000the vector of development based on the perception of socio-political opinion. The\u0000article aims to determine the level of development of public legal awareness\u0000during the European integration of Ukraine. The research employed empirical\u0000methods — surveys and forecasting. The work revealed a positive trend of the\u0000European integration of Ukraine and a positive perception of this process by\u0000society. The results regarding the negative trend of mass media perception at the\u0000level of 50% of public trust are interpreted, which requires improvement of the\u0000information policy. A promising direction for further research is conducting a\u0000correlational analysis based on the Trust in Media and the Rule of Law Index.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"33 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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