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Collection of Data in the Process of Scientific Research of Security Phenomena using Basic Techniques of Testing Methods 利用测试方法的基本技术收集安全现象科学研究过程中的数据
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.703.718
Research, as well as scientific research, of security phenomena is a processthat includes various activities in order to gain certain knowledge about aphenomenon, behavior or action, which has a security character. We have varioustypes of research, as well as methods that are used in the process of scientificresearch of security phenomena. One of those methods is the test method, whichbelongs to the group of methods that deal with collecting, that is, obtaining data,both in theoretical and empirical scientific research, or in combined theoreticalempirical research. The data is obtained directly and in verbal contact between thescientific researcher and the subject through the research method. It is a classicmethod of social science methodology that is also very applicable in the field ofsecurity sciences. The research method uses three basic techniques for itsoperationalization in the scientific research process: interview (scientificconversation), survey, and test. Due to their pervasiveness, systematicity, andeconomy, these techniques have found significant application in the investigation ofphenomena of a security nature.
安全现象的研究和科学研究是一个包括各种活动的过程,目的是获得有关具有安全特征的现象、行为或行动的某些知识。我们有各种类型的研究,以及在安全现象科学研究过程中使用的方法。其中一种方法是测试法,它属于理论和实证科学研究或理论与实证相结合的研究中处理收集,即获取数据的一组方法。通过这种研究方法,科学研究者与研究对象之间可以直接通过语言接触获得数据。这是一种经典的社会科学方法,在安全科学领域也非常适用。该研究方法在科学研究过程中运用了三种基本技术:访谈(科学对话)、调查和测试。由于其普遍性、系统性和经济性,这些技术在调查安全性质的现象时得到了广泛应用。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Legal Psychology in the Formation of Legal Culture in the Conditions of Military Operations 法律心理学在军事行动条件下形成法律文化中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.247.262
The article aims to determine the possibilities of improving students' legalculture formation by integrating legal psychology knowledge in times of war.Through testing and a formative experiment, the study confirms the hypothesis thatintegrating legal psychology positively impacts the formation of students' legalculture in war conditions. Students showed average indicators of legal culturecriteria, which proves that young people as subjects of the law may deliberatelyviolate the law and be prone to illegal behaviour, discrimination, etc. Such dataindicate that the students under the study may be prone to criminal behaviour underunfavourable conditions, as they have a basic level of knowledge about the legalsystem, unstable motivation for legal behaviour, fragmented legal competencies, apredominant orientation towards stereotyped, patriarchal values of gender culture,and different types of personal self-determination in the system of patriarchal andegalitarian coordinates. It can be argued that the legal culture formation programmesignificantly impacts the formation of respect for human rights in the educationalenvironment and reduces the propensity for illegal and non-violent behaviour.
文章旨在确定在战争时期通过整合法律心理学知识改善学生法律文化形成的可能性。通过测试和形成性实验,研究证实了整合法律心理学对战争条件下学生法律文化形成产生积极影响的假设。学生们在法律文化标准方面表现出的平均指标,证明了作为法律主体的年轻人可能会故意违反法律,容易出现违法行为、歧视等。这些数据表明,所研究的学生在不利的条件下可能容易做出违法犯罪行为,因为他们对法律制度的了解处于基础水平,法律行为的动机不稳定,法律能力支离破碎,在父权制和平等主义的坐标体系中,他们主要倾向于陈旧的、父权制的性别文化价值观,以及不同类型的个人自决。可以说,法律文化培养计划对教育环境中尊重人权的形成产生了重大影响,并降低了非法和非暴力行为的倾向。
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引用次数: 0
Family Role in the Reintegration of Juvenile Delinquents: A Post Release Analysis in Dir Valley Pakistan 家庭在少年犯重返社会中的作用:巴基斯坦迪尔谷释放后分析
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.19.34
This research focuses on the reintegration of released juvenile offenders within Dir Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Situated within a unique socio-cultural and legal context, this region face distinct challenges that impact the lives of juvenile offenders. This study aims to uncover the role of family dynamics in shaping successful reintegration and inform tailored interventions. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study collected data through semi structured interviews with twenty released juvenile offenders and twenty family members. Thematic analysis revealed intricate patterns in family involvement that significantly influence the reintegration process. The family emerged as both a source of support and challenge for these juveniles. Challenges included absent key family members, strained relationships, and dysfunctional family environments, which hinderd reintegration efforts. Economic challenges, emotional support, and family criminal history were also found relevant factors in reintegration. The study’s conclusions offer policy implications, including family centered policies, tailored interventions, and holistic rehabilitation.
本研究的重点是巴基斯坦开伯尔巴图克瓦省迪尔谷地区获释少年犯重返社会的情况。在独特的社会文化和法律背景下,该地区面临着影响少年犯生活的独特挑战。本研究旨在揭示家庭动态对成功重返社会的影响,并为有针对性的干预措施提供信息。研究采用定性现象学方法,通过对 20 名获释少年犯和 20 名家庭成员进行半结构式访谈收集数据。主题分析揭示了家庭参与的复杂模式,这些模式对重返社会过程产生了重大影响。对于这些少年犯来说,家庭既是支持的来源,也是挑战的来源。挑战包括主要家庭成员缺席、关系紧张以及家庭环境功能失调,这些都阻碍了重返社会的努力。经济挑战、情感支持和家庭犯罪史也被认为是重返社会的相关因素。研究结论提出了政策影响,包括以家庭为中心的政策、有针对性的干预措施和整体康复。
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引用次数: 0
Jordan’s Tripartite Reform: A Critical and Analytical Examination of the 2022 Reforms 约旦的三方改革:对 2022 年改革的批判性分析研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.277.292
The study's goal is to provide insights into the factors that influenceddecision-making and determined the nature of comprehensive reforms, as well asto examine the specific changes that have been implemented in various aspects ofthe country's political, economic, and administrative systems, and to identify themotivations behind Jordan's significant reforms. The study focuses on Jordan'soverall development and its implications for the country's long-term viability. Itemployed descriptive-analytical, institutional, and decision-making methodologiesin its research methodology. It shows how political, economic, and administrativedevelopments are inextricably linked to Jordan's stability and future prospects. Itdemonstrated the importance of comprehensive modernization, development, andadministrative tracks for Jordan's long-term sustainability and existence. Itdiscovered that one of the most important levers for the success of Jordan'scomprehensive reforms is the availability of political will, starting at the top of thepolitical system with His Majesty King Abdullah II, who was the first supporter ofthese reforms and the primary guarantee of their viability. The study concludesthat thorough reform procedures, a clear national strategy, precise legislativetranslation, and reorganization of societal institutions are all required.
本研究的目标是深入了解影响决策和决定全面改革性质的因素,并研究在国家政治、经济和行政体系的各个方面所实施的具体变革,同时确定约旦重大改革背后的动机。研究的重点是约旦的整体发展及其对国家长期生存能力的影响。在研究方法上,研究采用了描述分析法、制度法和决策法。报告展示了政治、经济和行政发展如何与约旦的稳定和未来前景密不可分。它证明了全面现代化、发展和行政轨道对约旦长期可持续性和生存的重要性。研究发现,约旦全面改革成功的最重要的杠杆之一是政治意愿,从政治体系的最高层阿卜杜拉二世国王陛下开始,他是这些改革的第一支持者,也是改革可行性的主要保障。研究得出结论,彻底的改革程序、明确的国家战略、精确的立法翻译以及社会机构的重组都是必需的。
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引用次数: 0
Global Death Penalty Abolition Trend: A Critical Appraisal of Bangladesh in Context 全球废除死刑的趋势:对孟加拉国情况的批判性评估
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.561.584
The central contention about the death penalty is that it defiles universallyrecognized human rights, particularly the right to life and dignity. The UnitedNations asks each of its members to observe international law by minimizing,curtailing, and possibly declaring a moratorium on the use of the death penalty toeliminate it. Furthermore, several international instruments have been adopted toeradicate the death penalty, and numerous countries have signed, ratified, andcarried out actions under those treaties. This study investigates the policies andpractices of Bangladesh, a retentionist country, concerning the death penalty incontemporary eras where the global trend pushes to eliminate, reduce, andsuspend the death penalty to abolish it eventually. According to the researchfindings, Bangladesh has signed and ratified some anti-death penalty internationalhuman rights instruments; consequently, it complies with a portion of internationalrules regarding the use of the death penalty. Finally, the study makes severalrecommendations for restricting, reducing, and minimizing death penaltyprovisions while remaining committed to its abolition and considering globaltrends and international guidelines.
关于死刑的主要争论点是,它玷污了普遍公认的人权,特别是生命权和尊严权。联合国要求其每个成员遵守国际法,尽量减少、削减,甚至可能宣布暂停使用死刑,以废除死刑。此外,已经通过了若干废除死刑的国际文书,许多国家签署、批准了这些条约,并根据这些条约采取了行动。本研究调查了孟加拉国作为一个保留死刑的国家,在全球趋势推动消除、减少和暂停死刑以最终废除死刑的当代,其有关死刑的政策和做法。根据研究结果,孟加拉国签署并批准了一些反死刑的国际人权文书;因此,孟加拉国遵守了部分有关使用死刑的国际规则。最后,本研究在继续致力于废除死刑并考虑全球趋势和国际准则的同时,就限制、减少和 尽量降低死刑规定提出了若干建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Online Media in Shaping Public Opinion about the Prospects for Peace and Military Conflict 网络媒体在影响公众对和平与军事冲突前景的看法方面的作用
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.431.446
The aim of the article is to find out the connection between online mediaand the manifestations of the components of public opinion about the militaryconflict and the prospects for peace. The study uses methods such as contentanalysis, scaling, and correlation analysis. In the study, the hypothesis of theconnection between online media content and societal changes in public opinion inUkraine during the war was confirmed. It was determined that society’s confidencein victory was significantly related to changes in online media’s information field.The attitude towards the Armed Forces of Ukraine correlates only with theperception of news about military operations. The disposition towards the Ukrainiangoverning bodies is not contingent upon the interpretation of digital media content.The desire to continue the fight correlates with the war awareness level andreporting on domestic politics in digital media. The idea of future peace in publicopinion is closely related to the idea of justice and victory broadcast in online media.
文章旨在找出网络媒体与公众对军事冲突及和平前景的看法之间的联系。研究采用了内容分析法、比例分析法和相关分析法等方法。研究证实了网络媒体内容与乌克兰战争期间社会舆论变化之间的联系这一假设。研究确定,社会对胜利的信心与网络媒体信息领域的变化显著相关。对乌克兰武装部队的态度仅与对军事行动新闻的看法相关。对乌克兰管理机构的态度并不取决于对数字媒体内容的解读。继续战斗的愿望与对战争的认识水平和数字媒体对国内政治的报道相关。公众舆论中的未来和平理念与网络媒体中的正义和胜利理念密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Demystifying the Network and Cloud Forensics’ Legal, Ethical, and Practical Considerations 解密网络和云取证的法律、道德和实际考虑因素
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.119.132
As cybercrimes grow more sophisticated, network and cloud forensicshave become vital investigative tools. However, complex legal, ethical, andpractical challenges around extraterritorial evidence, privacy rights, volatile data,and specialized skills constrain these processes. This study critically reviewsacademic literature and industry reports to examine these multifacetedconsiderations holistically. It aims to aggregate the latest insights aroundregulations, technical protocols, certification regimes, and internationalcooperation frameworks shaping network and cloud forensics. The study followsqualitative research methodology, a doctrinal approach used for the analysis ofregulation, and grounded theory used for the analysis of related literature. Theresults reveal gaps around the liability limitations of internet service and cloudproviders, ethical bounds for ancillary data collection, and anti-forensicobfuscation techniques. Proposed solutions include accountability in technologydesign through transparency and oversight. Simplify procedures for cross-borderlegal assistance requests. Develop lightweight encryption methods that still enablelawful access as well as promote collaboration between industry and academia toadvance cybersecurity tools.
随着网络犯罪日益复杂,网络和云取证已成为重要的调查工具。然而,围绕域外证据、隐私权、不稳定数据和专业技能的复杂法律、道德和实践挑战限制了这些过程。本研究批判性地回顾了学术文献和行业报告,以全面考察这些多方面的考虑因素。本研究旨在汇集有关影响网络和云取证的法规、技术协议、认证制度和国际合作框架的最新见解。本研究采用定性研究方法,在分析法规时采用理论方法,在分析相关文献时采用基础理论。研究结果揭示了在互联网服务和云提供商的责任限制、辅助数据收集的伦理界限以及反取证混淆技术等方面存在的差距。建议的解决方案包括通过透明度和监督对技术设计进行问责。简化跨境法律协助请求程序。开发仍能实现非法访问的轻量级加密方法,并促进产业界和学术界合作,推动网络安全工具的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Legal Anti-Corruption Mechanisms in the Financial Sector 金融部门反腐败法律机制的有效性
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.971.987
The relevance of the issue under research is determined by the growingcorruption in the financial sector during the last decades. Combating corruption inthis field will depend on the effectiveness of the legal anti-corruption mechanismsin the financial sector. The aim of the article is to analyse the effectiveness of legalanti-corruption mechanisms in the financial sector using the case of Ukraine and toprovide recommendations for increasing such effectiveness. The factors that reducethe effectiveness of legal anti-corruption mechanisms in the financial sector ofUkraine were identified through content analysis, doctrinal approach, comparativemethods, analysis of legal acts and abstract logical method. As a result of theresearch, directions for increasing the effectiveness of such legal mechanisms areproposed. The recommendations formulated in the work can be applied to theimprovement of such mechanisms both in Ukraine and in other countries, inparticular EU countries. Future research prospects may include providingrecommendations for improving the effectiveness of legal anti-corruptionmechanisms in the financial sector of other countries, taking into account theirspecifics.
过去几十年来,金融领域的腐败现象日益严重,这决定了本研究课题的相关性。在这一领域打击腐败将取决于金融部门反腐法律机制的有效性。本文旨在以乌克兰为例,分析金融领域法律反腐机制的有效性,并为提高这种有效性提出建议。通过内容分析、理论方法、比较方法、法律行为分析和抽象逻辑方法,确定了降低乌克兰金融领域法律反腐机制有效性的因素。研究结果提出了提高此类法律机制有效性的方向。工作中提出的建议可用于改进乌克兰和其他国家(尤其是欧盟国家)的此类机制。未来的研究前景可能包括为提高其他国家金融部门反腐败法律机制的有效性提供建议,同时考虑到这些国家的具体情况。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Forensic Computer Modeling for Predicting Wartime Crimes 预测战时犯罪的法证计算机模型的有效性
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.601.618
This article emphasises the importance of computer models in forensicsand their potential for predicting criminal activity and preventing offences in thecontext of military confrontation. The purpose of this paper is to determine thepossibility of using computer models to analyse and predict criminal activityduring military confrontation. The research employed the following methods:historical method of studying law, logical approach, qualitative method, method ofanalysis, and method of legal modelling. The study found that forensic modellingis mainly used at the pre-trial investigation or trial stage. The analysis of modernarmed conflicts gives grounds to conclude about the high efficiency of computermodelling in preventing wartime crimes. The academic novelty is the obtainedresults of using computer modelling to prevent potential offences as opposed to itswidespread use at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The research prospectsinclude the possibility of the potential study of forensic computer modellingalgorithms for accurate prediction of types of offences during the war.
本文强调了计算机模型在法医学中的重要性及其在军事对抗背景下预测犯罪活动和预防犯罪的潜力。本文旨在确定使用计算机模型分析和预测军事对抗中犯罪活动的可能性。研究采用了以下方法:研究法律的历史方法、逻辑方法、定性方法、分析方法和法律建模方法。研究发现,法证模型主要用于审前调查或审判阶段。通过对现代武装冲突的分析,可以得出结论,计算机建模在预防战时犯罪方面具有很高的效率。与在审前调查阶段广泛使用计算机建模相比,利用计算机建模预防潜在犯罪所取得的成果具有学术新意。研究前景包括对法医计算机建模算法进行潜在研究,以准确预测战争期间的犯罪类型。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Information Transparency for Effective Governance: A Study on Government Procurement in Indonesia 提高信息透明度,促进有效治理:印度尼西亚政府采购研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.873.886
The Indonesian Constitution prioritises citizen welfare, intellectual growth,and a just society. Effective development and public services are key to thisgovernment. Government purchase of products and services is crucial to nationaland regional development. However, data transparency difficulties typically lead toprocurement fairness conflicts, making government procurement openness difficult.This is addressed by Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 and its revision. Inaddition, the Indonesian Information Commission has set public informationdisclosure requirements, including procurement exclusions. This research explainsIndonesian government procurement transparency policies and their relationship toexcellent local governance. This qualitative study examines governmentprocurement information openness using normative legal literature and primarydata from interviews and observations. Transparency in procurement processespromotes good governance, and community input in information disclosureexemption determinations is needed.
印度尼西亚宪法》将公民福利、知识增长和公正社会放在首位。有效的发展和公共服务是政府的关键。政府采购产品和服务对国家和地区发展至关重要。然而,数据透明度方面的困难通常会导致采购公平性方面的冲突,使政府采购公开化变得困难。此外,印尼信息委员会也制定了公共信息公开要求,包括采购排除条款。本研究解释了印尼政府采购透明度政策及其与地方卓越治理的关系。这项定性研究利用规范性法律文献以及访谈和观察所获得的原始数据,对政府采购信息的公开性进行了研究。采购过程的透明度促进了良好的治理,在确定信息公开豁免时需要社区的参与。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Pakistan Journal of Criminology
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