Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2100716
David L. Rodrigues, R. Balzarini, Giulia Zoppolat, R. Slatcher
ABSTRACT Amidst a global pandemic, survival needs become salient and the ability of individuals to regulate feelings and actions might be particularly relevant to protecting themselves from harm. Drawing from Regulatory Focus Theory individuals who are more focused on prevention are also more likely to enact health-protective behaviours, including sexual health behaviours, because they are more aware of threats. Extending this reasoning to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a pre-registered longitudinal study with 174 individuals from 23 countries (M age = 30.66, SD = 11.81; 77.6% women), to examine the role of regulatory focus in predicting the sexual activity of single individuals. We assessed demographic information, regulatory focus, and personality traits at baseline (T1), perceived threats two weeks later (T2), and sexual activity indicators two weeks later (T3). As hypothesised, results showed that single individuals who reported a greater focus on prevention at the onset of the pandemic perceived more pandemic-related threats and, in turn, reported less frequent sexual activity. These effects were consistent even when controlling for promotion (i.e. pleasure motives), personality, geographic location, local social distancing policies, gender, and sexual orientation. Findings are discussed considering their implications for the sexual functioning and sexual health of single individuals.
{"title":"Motives for security and sexual activity among single individuals at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"David L. Rodrigues, R. Balzarini, Giulia Zoppolat, R. Slatcher","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2100716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2100716","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Amidst a global pandemic, survival needs become salient and the ability of individuals to regulate feelings and actions might be particularly relevant to protecting themselves from harm. Drawing from Regulatory Focus Theory individuals who are more focused on prevention are also more likely to enact health-protective behaviours, including sexual health behaviours, because they are more aware of threats. Extending this reasoning to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a pre-registered longitudinal study with 174 individuals from 23 countries (M age = 30.66, SD = 11.81; 77.6% women), to examine the role of regulatory focus in predicting the sexual activity of single individuals. We assessed demographic information, regulatory focus, and personality traits at baseline (T1), perceived threats two weeks later (T2), and sexual activity indicators two weeks later (T3). As hypothesised, results showed that single individuals who reported a greater focus on prevention at the onset of the pandemic perceived more pandemic-related threats and, in turn, reported less frequent sexual activity. These effects were consistent even when controlling for promotion (i.e. pleasure motives), personality, geographic location, local social distancing policies, gender, and sexual orientation. Findings are discussed considering their implications for the sexual functioning and sexual health of single individuals.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"71 1","pages":"219 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83888855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2100270
A. C. Chamorro Coneo, M. Navarro, Nathalia Quiroz Molinares
ABSTRACT Disgust specific to sexual stimuli has been thought to be an adaptation that serves purposes of pathogen-avoidance, partner selection and social dominance. While the link between disgust responses and homonegative and transnegative attitudes has been relatively established, it is not yet clear why. Literature using evolutionary psychology perspectives of these phenomena is scarce in areas with substantial LGBT-related violence like Colombia. This research aimed to study the interplay of predispositional (e.g. sociodemographic, reported contact), affective (e.g. disgust sensitivity) and cognitive (e.g. Right-Wing Authoritarian) variables in homonegative and transnegative attitudes of Colombian adults. Participants (N = 272) had a mean age of 26.38 (SD = 9.47), women comprised 72% of the sample and men 28%. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that increased sexual specific disgust sensitivity and greater RWA predicted stronger homonegativity and transnegativity. The relationship between sexual disgust and prejudice was partially mediated by RWA. Findings suggest that sexual disgust sensitivity adaptations in homonegativity and transnegativity may respond to selection pressures that differ from pathogen-avoidance perspectives, and that are associated with maintaining social hierarchy and social dominance. Anti-prejudice initiatives would benefit from targeting emotional responses of sexual disgust, especially within communities and institutions that have historically endorsed conservative and traditional values.
{"title":"Sexual-specific disgust sensitivity mechanisms in homonegativity and transnegativity; the mediating role of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)","authors":"A. C. Chamorro Coneo, M. Navarro, Nathalia Quiroz Molinares","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2100270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2100270","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disgust specific to sexual stimuli has been thought to be an adaptation that serves purposes of pathogen-avoidance, partner selection and social dominance. While the link between disgust responses and homonegative and transnegative attitudes has been relatively established, it is not yet clear why. Literature using evolutionary psychology perspectives of these phenomena is scarce in areas with substantial LGBT-related violence like Colombia. This research aimed to study the interplay of predispositional (e.g. sociodemographic, reported contact), affective (e.g. disgust sensitivity) and cognitive (e.g. Right-Wing Authoritarian) variables in homonegative and transnegative attitudes of Colombian adults. Participants (N = 272) had a mean age of 26.38 (SD = 9.47), women comprised 72% of the sample and men 28%. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that increased sexual specific disgust sensitivity and greater RWA predicted stronger homonegativity and transnegativity. The relationship between sexual disgust and prejudice was partially mediated by RWA. Findings suggest that sexual disgust sensitivity adaptations in homonegativity and transnegativity may respond to selection pressures that differ from pathogen-avoidance perspectives, and that are associated with maintaining social hierarchy and social dominance. Anti-prejudice initiatives would benefit from targeting emotional responses of sexual disgust, especially within communities and institutions that have historically endorsed conservative and traditional values.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"37 1","pages":"203 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78187551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2090270
A. C. de Barros, Bidushy Sadika, Terri A. Croteau, M. Morrison, T. Morrison
ABSTRACT The present study examined the associations between three forms of disgust sensitivity (i.e. moral, pathogen, and sexual) and homonegativity towards gay men and lesbian women, based on the behavioural immune system (BIS) theory. Two forms of homonegativity were assessed: old-fashioned (i.e. moral and religious objections to homosexuality) and modern (i.e. objections to homosexuality that are grounded in beliefs such as sexual minorities demand and receive ‘preferential’ treatment). Frequency and valence of contact with sexual minorities also was measured. An online survey was completed by 263 self-identified heterosexual participants, a majority of whom were White (n = 173) and cisgender women (n = 192). Sexual disgust was the strongest predictor of old-fashioned homonegativity towards lesbian women, and pathogen disgust was the only predictor of old-fashioned homonegativity against gay men. No measures of disgust were statistically significant predictors of modern homonegativity. Both frequency and quality of intergroup contact played a significant role in moderating different effects of sexual disgust on homonegativity. The limitations of this study and directions for future research are outlined.
{"title":"Associations between subcategories of disgust sensitivity and homonegativity: examining intergroup contact as a moderator","authors":"A. C. de Barros, Bidushy Sadika, Terri A. Croteau, M. Morrison, T. Morrison","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2090270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2090270","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study examined the associations between three forms of disgust sensitivity (i.e. moral, pathogen, and sexual) and homonegativity towards gay men and lesbian women, based on the behavioural immune system (BIS) theory. Two forms of homonegativity were assessed: old-fashioned (i.e. moral and religious objections to homosexuality) and modern (i.e. objections to homosexuality that are grounded in beliefs such as sexual minorities demand and receive ‘preferential’ treatment). Frequency and valence of contact with sexual minorities also was measured. An online survey was completed by 263 self-identified heterosexual participants, a majority of whom were White (n = 173) and cisgender women (n = 192). Sexual disgust was the strongest predictor of old-fashioned homonegativity towards lesbian women, and pathogen disgust was the only predictor of old-fashioned homonegativity against gay men. No measures of disgust were statistically significant predictors of modern homonegativity. Both frequency and quality of intergroup contact played a significant role in moderating different effects of sexual disgust on homonegativity. The limitations of this study and directions for future research are outlined.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"33 1","pages":"453 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84377302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2090271
Breanne Fahs, E. Swank
ABSTRACT Notions of who counts as a sexual partner – that is, what specific actions, feelings, or relationships become defined as part of one’s sexual history – often carry assumptions about sexual scripts, power, and social identities. In this exploratory study, we analysed semi-structured interviews with eighteen women from a diverse 2019 community sample (mean age = 36.39, SD = 12.24) collected in a large Southwestern U.S. city in order to examine how women made decisions about who was classified as a sexual partner throughout their lifetime when reviewing their sexual histories and previous sexual encounters. We identified six behavioural, relational, and emotional themes in how women defined and demarcated sexual versus nonsexual partners: 1) Having penile-vaginal intercourse; 2) Engaging in non-penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) forms of sex; 3) Having an orgasm with someone; 4) Any physical sexual contact involving genitals; 5) Having a romantic relationship with someone; and 6) Feeling attraction and desire for a person. Tensions about heterosexist biases in sexual inventories were discussed, as were methodological implications for measuring, studying, and identifying non-PVI sexual encounters.
{"title":"Who counts as a sexual partner? Women’s criteria for defining and sorting through their sexual histories","authors":"Breanne Fahs, E. Swank","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2090271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2090271","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Notions of who counts as a sexual partner – that is, what specific actions, feelings, or relationships become defined as part of one’s sexual history – often carry assumptions about sexual scripts, power, and social identities. In this exploratory study, we analysed semi-structured interviews with eighteen women from a diverse 2019 community sample (mean age = 36.39, SD = 12.24) collected in a large Southwestern U.S. city in order to examine how women made decisions about who was classified as a sexual partner throughout their lifetime when reviewing their sexual histories and previous sexual encounters. We identified six behavioural, relational, and emotional themes in how women defined and demarcated sexual versus nonsexual partners: 1) Having penile-vaginal intercourse; 2) Engaging in non-penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) forms of sex; 3) Having an orgasm with someone; 4) Any physical sexual contact involving genitals; 5) Having a romantic relationship with someone; and 6) Feeling attraction and desire for a person. Tensions about heterosexist biases in sexual inventories were discussed, as were methodological implications for measuring, studying, and identifying non-PVI sexual encounters.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"22 1","pages":"190 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72985984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2083522
M. Bąk-Sosnowska, B. Naworska, M. Gruszczyńska
ABSTRACT Body image plays an important role in women’s well-being. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of selected variables (menopausal symptoms, depressive symptoms, sexual dysfunctions, health behaviours) on body image among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Six hundred eighty-eight women aged 45–65 served as participants. The Kupperman Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Female Sexual Function Index, Body Esteem Scale, and a questionnaire that we created (sociodemographic factors and health status) were used. Structural equation modelling with the maximum likelihood method was used to test a model examining the relations among variables. The resulting model was satisfactory in fit (p = 0.610). The model predicted a significant percentage of the variance in all components of body esteem, including 30.9% of the variation in physical condition, 23.9% of weight control, and 37.6% of sexual attractiveness. Results of the direct effects analysis indicated a significant role for sexual dysfunction (p < 0.001) and intensity of depressive (p < 0.001) and menopausal (p = 0.001) symptoms in predicting overall body self-esteem. Additionally, health-related behaviours affected both weight control (p < 0.001) and sexual attractiveness (p < 0.001).
{"title":"Determinants of body image in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women","authors":"M. Bąk-Sosnowska, B. Naworska, M. Gruszczyńska","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2083522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2083522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Body image plays an important role in women’s well-being. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of selected variables (menopausal symptoms, depressive symptoms, sexual dysfunctions, health behaviours) on body image among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Six hundred eighty-eight women aged 45–65 served as participants. The Kupperman Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Female Sexual Function Index, Body Esteem Scale, and a questionnaire that we created (sociodemographic factors and health status) were used. Structural equation modelling with the maximum likelihood method was used to test a model examining the relations among variables. The resulting model was satisfactory in fit (p = 0.610). The model predicted a significant percentage of the variance in all components of body esteem, including 30.9% of the variation in physical condition, 23.9% of weight control, and 37.6% of sexual attractiveness. Results of the direct effects analysis indicated a significant role for sexual dysfunction (p < 0.001) and intensity of depressive (p < 0.001) and menopausal (p = 0.001) symptoms in predicting overall body self-esteem. Additionally, health-related behaviours affected both weight control (p < 0.001) and sexual attractiveness (p < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"517 1","pages":"175 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77148836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2075789
Boby Ho-Hong Ching, H. Wu
ABSTRACT Although more research on attitudes towards same-sex parent families has been conducted in recent years, scant attention has been paid to its predictors in a Chinese context. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relations of two ideological beliefs (social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism) to gender essentialism and opposition to same-sex parent families among 425 Chinese individuals. We found that male, older generations, and heterosexual people showed higher levels of opposition in general. Our main result from structural equation modelling suggests that social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism make significant and independent contributions to opposition to same-sex parent families via shaping individuals’ essentialist beliefs of gender. The predictions remained significant even after the potential influence of covariates (i.e. age, gender, and sexual orientation) was controlled statistically. This study has contributed to the understanding of the associations between ideological beliefs and attitudes towards same-sex parent families in an understudied cultural context.
{"title":"Ideological beliefs and gender essentialism: relations to individual and normative opposition to same-sex parent families","authors":"Boby Ho-Hong Ching, H. Wu","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2075789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2075789","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although more research on attitudes towards same-sex parent families has been conducted in recent years, scant attention has been paid to its predictors in a Chinese context. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relations of two ideological beliefs (social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism) to gender essentialism and opposition to same-sex parent families among 425 Chinese individuals. We found that male, older generations, and heterosexual people showed higher levels of opposition in general. Our main result from structural equation modelling suggests that social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism make significant and independent contributions to opposition to same-sex parent families via shaping individuals’ essentialist beliefs of gender. The predictions remained significant even after the potential influence of covariates (i.e. age, gender, and sexual orientation) was controlled statistically. This study has contributed to the understanding of the associations between ideological beliefs and attitudes towards same-sex parent families in an understudied cultural context.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"27 1","pages":"158 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80206998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2067783
S. Dubé, M. Santaguida, D. Anctil, C. Y. Zhu, L. Thomasse, L. Giaccari, R. Oassey, D. Vachon, A. Johnson
ABSTRACT The intersection of technology and sexuality in sex toys and erobots – artificial erotic agents (e.g. sex robots) – may generate stigma with their use. However, despite the growing prevalence of technology in human sexuality, researchers have yet to examine this stigma. Hence, this study provides the first quantitative evidence of perceived stigma related to erotic technology use (PSETU) and its association with people’s willingness to engage with erotic technologies. Based on previous research, we hypothesised that PSETU exists and increases as a function of products’ human-likeness (Hypothesis 1), and negatively correlates to participants’ willingness to engage with erotic technologies (Hypothesis 2), with stronger associations for women and sex toys and stronger associations for men and erobots (Hypothesis 3). A convenience sample of 365 adults (≥18 years; with access to the recruitment material) completed an online survey measuring their PSETU for sex toys, erotic chatbots, virtual partners, and sex robots, and their willingness to engage with these technologies. The results support Hypothesis 1, and partly support Hypotheses 2–3. Women and men also perceive the same technology-related stigma. These findings are important given the prevalence of sex toys, the advent of erobots, and the potential impact of stigma on their (future) users.
{"title":"Perceived stigma and erotic technology: From sex toys to erobots","authors":"S. Dubé, M. Santaguida, D. Anctil, C. Y. Zhu, L. Thomasse, L. Giaccari, R. Oassey, D. Vachon, A. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2067783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2067783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The intersection of technology and sexuality in sex toys and erobots – artificial erotic agents (e.g. sex robots) – may generate stigma with their use. However, despite the growing prevalence of technology in human sexuality, researchers have yet to examine this stigma. Hence, this study provides the first quantitative evidence of perceived stigma related to erotic technology use (PSETU) and its association with people’s willingness to engage with erotic technologies. Based on previous research, we hypothesised that PSETU exists and increases as a function of products’ human-likeness (Hypothesis 1), and negatively correlates to participants’ willingness to engage with erotic technologies (Hypothesis 2), with stronger associations for women and sex toys and stronger associations for men and erobots (Hypothesis 3). A convenience sample of 365 adults (≥18 years; with access to the recruitment material) completed an online survey measuring their PSETU for sex toys, erotic chatbots, virtual partners, and sex robots, and their willingness to engage with these technologies. The results support Hypothesis 1, and partly support Hypotheses 2–3. Women and men also perceive the same technology-related stigma. These findings are important given the prevalence of sex toys, the advent of erobots, and the potential impact of stigma on their (future) users.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"33 1","pages":"141 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86070245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2063755
A. Jensen, K. Schofield, Amanda Stueber, Steven Hobaica, C. Cuttler
ABSTRACT Selecting and sharing a sexual identity label can be a significant and stressful process for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people. We previously found that using explicit (e.g. Mark is gay) and implicit (e.g. Mark is attracted to men) sexual identity labels mostly led to positive perceptions (e.g. more proud, likeable, resilient), in a sample of university students who were predominantly young, liberal women. We sought to extend these findings and determine whether a sample from the United States would rate characters identified as LGB more negatively. To this end, a nationally representative sample (N= 510) was recruited via Prolific and, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: explicit, implicit, or no labels. Participants read short biographical vignettes with one set of labels and provided ratings of the characters on positive, negative, and neutral traits. As hypothesised, explicit and implicit labels for LGB characters generally led to higher ratings on negative traits (e.g. confused, perverted, and promiscuous), but also increased ratings on one positive trait (progressive). Taken together with our previous findings, individuals described with sexual minority identity labels are likely to be perceived more positively in liberal-leaning environments, such as universities, but more negatively in the general population.
{"title":"Progressive, but promiscuous and confused: perceptions of sexual minority identity labels in a nationally representative sample","authors":"A. Jensen, K. Schofield, Amanda Stueber, Steven Hobaica, C. Cuttler","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2063755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2063755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Selecting and sharing a sexual identity label can be a significant and stressful process for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people. We previously found that using explicit (e.g. Mark is gay) and implicit (e.g. Mark is attracted to men) sexual identity labels mostly led to positive perceptions (e.g. more proud, likeable, resilient), in a sample of university students who were predominantly young, liberal women. We sought to extend these findings and determine whether a sample from the United States would rate characters identified as LGB more negatively. To this end, a nationally representative sample (N= 510) was recruited via Prolific and, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: explicit, implicit, or no labels. Participants read short biographical vignettes with one set of labels and provided ratings of the characters on positive, negative, and neutral traits. As hypothesised, explicit and implicit labels for LGB characters generally led to higher ratings on negative traits (e.g. confused, perverted, and promiscuous), but also increased ratings on one positive trait (progressive). Taken together with our previous findings, individuals described with sexual minority identity labels are likely to be perceived more positively in liberal-leaning environments, such as universities, but more negatively in the general population.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"38 1","pages":"127 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73238385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2063754
E. Peel, I. Rivers, Allan Tyler, N. Nodin, Caroliz Perez-Acevedo
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to critique and extend psychological approaches to resilience by examining retrospective accounts of LGBT people in England who had directly experienced or witnessed events that were salient as significantly negative or traumatic. Pre-screening telephone interviews identified ten individuals who matched inclusion criteria (mean age: 39 years; range 26–62 years) as part of a larger study. Interviews were semi-structured and informed by a literature review undertaken at the start of the study. We identified three themes of that extend the resilience literature for LGBTQ+ people: (1) identifying and foregrounding inherent personal traits – how non-contextual inborn qualities or attributes needed external effort to be recognised and operationalised; (2) describing asymmetric sources of social support and acceptance – the importance of positive environment is unequally available to LGBT people compared to heterosexuals, and uneven within the LGBT group; and (3) blurring distinctions between resilience and coping – experiential approaches to moving beyond distress. We suggest that narratives of resilience in the accounts of LGBT people can inform the development of resilience promotion models for minoritized individuals and support movement away from deficit-focused approaches to health policy.
{"title":"Exploring LGBT resilience and moving beyond a deficit-model: findings from a qualitative study in England","authors":"E. Peel, I. Rivers, Allan Tyler, N. Nodin, Caroliz Perez-Acevedo","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2022.2063754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2063754","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to critique and extend psychological approaches to resilience by examining retrospective accounts of LGBT people in England who had directly experienced or witnessed events that were salient as significantly negative or traumatic. Pre-screening telephone interviews identified ten individuals who matched inclusion criteria (mean age: 39 years; range 26–62 years) as part of a larger study. Interviews were semi-structured and informed by a literature review undertaken at the start of the study. We identified three themes of that extend the resilience literature for LGBTQ+ people: (1) identifying and foregrounding inherent personal traits – how non-contextual inborn qualities or attributes needed external effort to be recognised and operationalised; (2) describing asymmetric sources of social support and acceptance – the importance of positive environment is unequally available to LGBT people compared to heterosexuals, and uneven within the LGBT group; and (3) blurring distinctions between resilience and coping – experiential approaches to moving beyond distress. We suggest that narratives of resilience in the accounts of LGBT people can inform the development of resilience promotion models for minoritized individuals and support movement away from deficit-focused approaches to health policy.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"8 1","pages":"114 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74387545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2060130
Sara B. Chadwick, Sari M. van Anders
ABSTRACT Orgasm coercion occurs when someone pressures a partner to orgasm by implying that not orgasming will have negative consequences. But what happens when the coerced partner refuses to go along with orgasm coercion? And how do perpetrators of orgasm coercion react? In the current study, we analysed 100 participants’ (cisgender women, n = 66; cisgender men, n = 24; gender/sex minorities, n = 10) descriptions of refusing orgasm coercion during their most recent orgasm coercion encounter. We assessed how participants expressed refusals, perpetrators reacted to these refusals, and perpetrator reactions connected to relationship and psychological outcomes. Results showed that participants used a variety of refusal strategies that were positively- or negatively-valenced. Some perpetrators (31%) reacted in positive, understanding ways. However, most perpetrators (61%) reacted negatively or with more coercion when confronted. Of note, results suggested that whether perpetrators responded in positive vs. negative ways did not depend on participants’ refusal strategies. We also found that positive perpetrator reactions were associated with positive relationship outcomes, but participants reported high negative psychological outcomes regardless of perpetrators’ reactions. Findings support that perpetrators of orgasm coercion are not necessarily invested in partners’ positive experiences and that orgasm coercion cannot be resolved through better communication.
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