Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1956574
K. Vu, D. Riggs, Clemence Due
ABSTRACT Research on attitudes towards asexual people is a relatively new focus within the discipline of psychology, and to date has not been a topic of focus in the Australian context. This study focused on Australian undergraduate psychology students, and their attitudes towards asexual people. The study recruited 231 participants from undergraduate psychology programmes to complete an online survey assessing their attitudes towards asexual people, bias against single people, and gender ideologies. In addition, participants rated how comfortable and confident they felt about working with asexual people within mental health settings in the future. Participants who reported greater endorsement of traditional gender role ideology, and negative bias against singles, also reported greater levels of anti-asexual bias. Participants who hoped to pursue a career in psychology reported lower levels of anti-asexual bias and less negative attitudes towards single people, and reported moderate levels of both comfort in working with asexual people in the future, and capacity to provide safe care to asexual people in the future. Drawing on these findings, the paper concludes by discussing areas that require ongoing attention in the study of anti-asexual bias, and makes recommendations for the training of psychology students and clinicians.
{"title":"Exploring anti-asexual bias in a sample of Australian undergraduate psychology students","authors":"K. Vu, D. Riggs, Clemence Due","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1956574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1956574","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on attitudes towards asexual people is a relatively new focus within the discipline of psychology, and to date has not been a topic of focus in the Australian context. This study focused on Australian undergraduate psychology students, and their attitudes towards asexual people. The study recruited 231 participants from undergraduate psychology programmes to complete an online survey assessing their attitudes towards asexual people, bias against single people, and gender ideologies. In addition, participants rated how comfortable and confident they felt about working with asexual people within mental health settings in the future. Participants who reported greater endorsement of traditional gender role ideology, and negative bias against singles, also reported greater levels of anti-asexual bias. Participants who hoped to pursue a career in psychology reported lower levels of anti-asexual bias and less negative attitudes towards single people, and reported moderate levels of both comfort in working with asexual people in the future, and capacity to provide safe care to asexual people in the future. Drawing on these findings, the paper concludes by discussing areas that require ongoing attention in the study of anti-asexual bias, and makes recommendations for the training of psychology students and clinicians.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"11 1","pages":"984 - 995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74659806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1946583
T. Vance, Tania Lodge, P. Farvid
ABSTRACT Historic, systemic, and institutional oppression has created various forms of inequality that are of urgent interest to critical psychologists. One area of continued concern is the use of Western, psychological frameworks to address mental health issues for individuals whose experiences lie at diverse intersections of race, gender, and sexuality. This manuscript highlights an alternative framework grounded in an African-centred theoretical approach using optimal psychology. Optimal psychology, also known as Optimal Conceptual Theory (OCT), provides a cultural responsiveness framework for understanding the behaviours, thoughts, feelings, and worldviews of oppressed populations, such as individuals of African descent in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer (LGBQ) community. This framework facilitates an affirmative psychological process of examining varying worldviews and their impacts on psychological functioning. By presenting a US-based case study, the authors demonstrate the use of an affirmative psychological framework, OCT, and discuss culturally-affirming interventions, in the clinical setting that also challenge ‘WEIRD psychology’.
{"title":"Optimal Theory case conceptualisation: An African-centred therapeutic approach with Black LGBQ clients","authors":"T. Vance, Tania Lodge, P. Farvid","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1946583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1946583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historic, systemic, and institutional oppression has created various forms of inequality that are of urgent interest to critical psychologists. One area of continued concern is the use of Western, psychological frameworks to address mental health issues for individuals whose experiences lie at diverse intersections of race, gender, and sexuality. This manuscript highlights an alternative framework grounded in an African-centred theoretical approach using optimal psychology. Optimal psychology, also known as Optimal Conceptual Theory (OCT), provides a cultural responsiveness framework for understanding the behaviours, thoughts, feelings, and worldviews of oppressed populations, such as individuals of African descent in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer (LGBQ) community. This framework facilitates an affirmative psychological process of examining varying worldviews and their impacts on psychological functioning. By presenting a US-based case study, the authors demonstrate the use of an affirmative psychological framework, OCT, and discuss culturally-affirming interventions, in the clinical setting that also challenge ‘WEIRD psychology’.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"174 1","pages":"1191 - 1203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80256255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1950202
A. Sheinfil, S. Woolf-King
ABSTRACT Affect has been linked to risky sexual decision-making and may be particularly important for college students. Research has overlooked the role of affective arousal, rather focusing exclusively on affective valence. Other decision-making factors that may be impacted by affective states, such as sexual abdication (i.e. yielding sexual decision-making), have also been disregarded. Using a 2 × 2 randomized-factorial design, this experimental study investigated the effects of affective arousal on intentions to engage in condomless sex with heterosexual college students (N = 136; 50% women). Potential indirect effects of sexual abdication were also explored. Results demonstrated no main effect of affective arousal on intentions to engage in condomless sex, yet indicated an indirect effect through sexual abdication. This is the first experimental data about the relationship between affective arousal and sexual decision-making. Findings suggest affective causes of sexual risk warrant further investigation.
{"title":"Effects of affective arousal on risky sexual decision-making in US emerging adult college students","authors":"A. Sheinfil, S. Woolf-King","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1950202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1950202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Affect has been linked to risky sexual decision-making and may be particularly important for college students. Research has overlooked the role of affective arousal, rather focusing exclusively on affective valence. Other decision-making factors that may be impacted by affective states, such as sexual abdication (i.e. yielding sexual decision-making), have also been disregarded. Using a 2 × 2 randomized-factorial design, this experimental study investigated the effects of affective arousal on intentions to engage in condomless sex with heterosexual college students (N = 136; 50% women). Potential indirect effects of sexual abdication were also explored. Results demonstrated no main effect of affective arousal on intentions to engage in condomless sex, yet indicated an indirect effect through sexual abdication. This is the first experimental data about the relationship between affective arousal and sexual decision-making. Findings suggest affective causes of sexual risk warrant further investigation.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"157 1","pages":"965 - 983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84177162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1943501
J. Martins, Graça Ferreira, Margarida Vilaça, H. S. Ferreira, F. Osorio, C. Nogueira-Silva, M. G. Pereira
ABSTRACT Endometriosis is a chronic female disease affecting the quality of life (QoL) and sexual satisfaction (SS) of approximately 176 million women of reproductive age worldwide. This study analysed the variables that contributed to QoL and SS, and whether symptom severity moderated the relationship between symptom intensity and QoL/ SS. This cross-sectional study included 124 women diagnosed with clinical endometriosis. Participants answered the Endometriosis Health Profile-30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Couple Satisfaction Index, and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction. Results showed that absence from work and psychological morbidity contributed to worse QoL; frequency of sexual activity and marital satisfaction contributed to higher SS; and the perception of symptom severity moderated the relationship between the intensity of chronic pelvic pain and QoL. Multidisciplinary interventions focused on the reduction of psychological symptomatology, sexual and relational difficulties, as well as illness representations, particularly regarding symptom severity, are warranted.
{"title":"Quality of life and sexual satisfaction in women with endometriosis: the moderator role of symptom severity","authors":"J. Martins, Graça Ferreira, Margarida Vilaça, H. S. Ferreira, F. Osorio, C. Nogueira-Silva, M. G. Pereira","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1943501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1943501","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Endometriosis is a chronic female disease affecting the quality of life (QoL) and sexual satisfaction (SS) of approximately 176 million women of reproductive age worldwide. This study analysed the variables that contributed to QoL and SS, and whether symptom severity moderated the relationship between symptom intensity and QoL/ SS. This cross-sectional study included 124 women diagnosed with clinical endometriosis. Participants answered the Endometriosis Health Profile-30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Couple Satisfaction Index, and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction. Results showed that absence from work and psychological morbidity contributed to worse QoL; frequency of sexual activity and marital satisfaction contributed to higher SS; and the perception of symptom severity moderated the relationship between the intensity of chronic pelvic pain and QoL. Multidisciplinary interventions focused on the reduction of psychological symptomatology, sexual and relational difficulties, as well as illness representations, particularly regarding symptom severity, are warranted.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"21 1","pages":"952 - 964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75700037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1936616
N. Komlenac, M. Hochleitner
ABSTRACT Social comparison processes during pornography consumption and the pressure to adhere to traditional masculinity ideologies (TMIs) about how a male body should look may influence men’s body satisfaction and in turn explain potential associations between pornography consumption and men’s sexual functioning. The current study analysed whether pornography consumption was associated with men’s experience of distressing sexual problems through men’s body satisfaction, and whether men’s endorsement of TMIs moderated those associations. At an Austrian medical university, 261 self-identified heterosexual men (M age = 24.4, SD = 3.5) participated in an online questionnaire study. Results revealed that high frequency of pornography consumption was associated with poor body satisfaction only in men who strongly endorsed the TMI of men needing to be the dominant. Poor body satisfaction in turn was associated with frequent and/or distressing experiences of erectile difficulty, ejaculating sooner than desired, or diminished intensity of orgasmic sensations. The study’s results suggest that TMIs and Western ideals about an ideal body should be addressed in clinical practice when treating men with sexual problems. Empowering patients with sexual problems to challenge those norms may be important, especially for men who endorse TMIs.
{"title":"Heterosexual-identified men’s endorsement of masculinity ideologies moderates associations between pornography consumption, body satisfaction and sexual functioning","authors":"N. Komlenac, M. Hochleitner","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1936616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1936616","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social comparison processes during pornography consumption and the pressure to adhere to traditional masculinity ideologies (TMIs) about how a male body should look may influence men’s body satisfaction and in turn explain potential associations between pornography consumption and men’s sexual functioning. The current study analysed whether pornography consumption was associated with men’s experience of distressing sexual problems through men’s body satisfaction, and whether men’s endorsement of TMIs moderated those associations. At an Austrian medical university, 261 self-identified heterosexual men (M age = 24.4, SD = 3.5) participated in an online questionnaire study. Results revealed that high frequency of pornography consumption was associated with poor body satisfaction only in men who strongly endorsed the TMI of men needing to be the dominant. Poor body satisfaction in turn was associated with frequent and/or distressing experiences of erectile difficulty, ejaculating sooner than desired, or diminished intensity of orgasmic sensations. The study’s results suggest that TMIs and Western ideals about an ideal body should be addressed in clinical practice when treating men with sexual problems. Empowering patients with sexual problems to challenge those norms may be important, especially for men who endorse TMIs.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"23 1","pages":"880 - 900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84742683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1935308
Nina Brkić-Jovanović, Milica Lazić, I. Jerković, Tatjana Krstić, Jelena Srdanović Maraš
ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the assumptions of Interdependence Theory and the Theory of Social Exchange on the role of love exchange in relationship satisfaction in same-sex couples. We used an actor-partner interdependence model to examine four different effects on relationship satisfaction: (1.) Personal expression of love – actor effect; (2.) Personal expression of love – partner effect; (3.) Partner’s expression of love – actor effect; and (4.) Partner’s expression of love – partner effect. The sample included a total of 50 gay and 50 lesbian couples from Serbia (Mage = 26.65, SD = 7.66). The results yielded that significant predictors of relationship satisfaction are how a person expresses love, how he/she perceived partner’s expression of love, and how their partner perceived how he/she expresses love. We also found that the partner’s personal expression of love was not a significant predictor of relationship satisfaction. The same predictors are significant for both gay and lesbian couples. This study indicates that a complex dyadic approach is needed when examining the role of the love expression in relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples.
{"title":"Love exchange and relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples: an actor-partner interdependence model","authors":"Nina Brkić-Jovanović, Milica Lazić, I. Jerković, Tatjana Krstić, Jelena Srdanović Maraš","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1935308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1935308","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the assumptions of Interdependence Theory and the Theory of Social Exchange on the role of love exchange in relationship satisfaction in same-sex couples. We used an actor-partner interdependence model to examine four different effects on relationship satisfaction: (1.) Personal expression of love – actor effect; (2.) Personal expression of love – partner effect; (3.) Partner’s expression of love – actor effect; and (4.) Partner’s expression of love – partner effect. The sample included a total of 50 gay and 50 lesbian couples from Serbia (Mage = 26.65, SD = 7.66). The results yielded that significant predictors of relationship satisfaction are how a person expresses love, how he/she perceived partner’s expression of love, and how their partner perceived how he/she expresses love. We also found that the partner’s personal expression of love was not a significant predictor of relationship satisfaction. The same predictors are significant for both gay and lesbian couples. This study indicates that a complex dyadic approach is needed when examining the role of the love expression in relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"33 1","pages":"255 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81098956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1938189
Bonnie Hart, J. Shakespeare‐Finch
ABSTRACT Intersex people have diverse bodies and identities but are unified by experiences of pathologisation, enduring human rights violations, stigmatisation, and mental health issues stemming from shame and secrecy. Medical interventions aimed at mitigating inferred psychosocial or parental distress occur without substantial evidence of their benefit and have been found to be themselves, stigmatising. Medically unnecessary and non-consensual interventions have been identified as human rights violations. Access to psychosocial and peer support for intersex people has been inconsistently facilitated by clinical multidisciplinary teams and intersex people are at danger of epistemic injustice in healthcare settings. A manuscript of 26 collated narratives written and illustrated by people aged 18–87 with intersex lived experience (N = 17) was examined using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate and 13 constituent themes emerged describing experiences of trauma and posttraumatic growth. Narratives depicted how experiences of systematic pathologisation of intersex bodies were negatively internalised and affected sense of self, family function, and social agency. Posttraumatic growth was facilitated through overcoming epistemic injustice, developing self-acceptance and increasing social connection. The findings are discussed in terms of posttraumatic growth and their implication for development of affirmative healthcare services for intersex people and the importance of psychosocial support as a primary intervention.
{"title":"Intersex lived experience: trauma and posttraumatic growth in narratives","authors":"Bonnie Hart, J. Shakespeare‐Finch","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1938189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1938189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intersex people have diverse bodies and identities but are unified by experiences of pathologisation, enduring human rights violations, stigmatisation, and mental health issues stemming from shame and secrecy. Medical interventions aimed at mitigating inferred psychosocial or parental distress occur without substantial evidence of their benefit and have been found to be themselves, stigmatising. Medically unnecessary and non-consensual interventions have been identified as human rights violations. Access to psychosocial and peer support for intersex people has been inconsistently facilitated by clinical multidisciplinary teams and intersex people are at danger of epistemic injustice in healthcare settings. A manuscript of 26 collated narratives written and illustrated by people aged 18–87 with intersex lived experience (N = 17) was examined using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate and 13 constituent themes emerged describing experiences of trauma and posttraumatic growth. Narratives depicted how experiences of systematic pathologisation of intersex bodies were negatively internalised and affected sense of self, family function, and social agency. Posttraumatic growth was facilitated through overcoming epistemic injustice, developing self-acceptance and increasing social connection. The findings are discussed in terms of posttraumatic growth and their implication for development of affirmative healthcare services for intersex people and the importance of psychosocial support as a primary intervention.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"19 1","pages":"912 - 930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80684911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1933147
Lucy Cowie, Virginia Braun
ABSTRACT The psychological wellbeing of Queer and Gender Diverse Young People (QGDYP) has received attention of late, and increasing research evidences much higher rates of psychological distress experienced by these groups, compared to their straight, cisgender counterparts. Far more limited is research exploring queer and gender diverse young people’s own perspectives on their psychological wellbeing, an absence we address with the current study. We interviewed 21 queer or gender diverse 16–18-year-olds in Aotearoa New Zealand about their understandings of mental health and wellbeing. We took a critical realist thematic approach to analysis. This paper focuses on how participants made sense of their own distress. We explore and unpack three intersecting key themes around: 1) cisheterosexism, but not personally affected; 2) dismissal of QGDYP; and 3) validation and comfort in the biomedical model. We discuss the tensions of articulating these positions and (also) challenging cisheterosexism, and the implications for recognising and reducing the distress experienced by queer and gender diverse youth. We aim to inform policy and practice to support and ultimately improve psychological wellbeing for queer and gender diverse young people.
{"title":"Between social and biomedical explanation: queer and gender diverse young people’s explanations of psychological distress","authors":"Lucy Cowie, Virginia Braun","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1933147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1933147","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The psychological wellbeing of Queer and Gender Diverse Young People (QGDYP) has received attention of late, and increasing research evidences much higher rates of psychological distress experienced by these groups, compared to their straight, cisgender counterparts. Far more limited is research exploring queer and gender diverse young people’s own perspectives on their psychological wellbeing, an absence we address with the current study. We interviewed 21 queer or gender diverse 16–18-year-olds in Aotearoa New Zealand about their understandings of mental health and wellbeing. We took a critical realist thematic approach to analysis. This paper focuses on how participants made sense of their own distress. We explore and unpack three intersecting key themes around: 1) cisheterosexism, but not personally affected; 2) dismissal of QGDYP; and 3) validation and comfort in the biomedical model. We discuss the tensions of articulating these positions and (also) challenging cisheterosexism, and the implications for recognising and reducing the distress experienced by queer and gender diverse youth. We aim to inform policy and practice to support and ultimately improve psychological wellbeing for queer and gender diverse young people.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"40 1","pages":"1179 - 1190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87006178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1936141
T. Marcantonio, Andrew M. O’Neil, K. Jozkowski
ABSTRACT Sexual consent research often focuses on how those who identify as heterosexual communicate consent, with limited research examining how sexual minority (SM) men communicate consent. Factors that influence how people communicate consent – such as the type of sexual behaviour being consented to and the relationship status of those engaged in sexual behaviour – is understudied among SM men. The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess how SM men communicate sexual consent and examine if these factors influence how men consent to sex. SM men (N = 234) were recruited from social media and Qualtrics’ panel. Participants completed an open-ended survey assessing how consent was communicated during oral and anal sex and who their partner was during this encounter. Responses were analysed using an inductive coding approach. Six overarching consent cues emerged: Explicit Verbal, Explicit Nonverbal, No-Response, Implicit Nonverbal, Virtual Consent and Implicit Verbal. Sexual consent communication appeared to vary by sexual behaviour and relationship status. Overall, SM men and people who identify as heterosexual appear to communicate sexual consent similarly; however, some new cues emerged for SM men. Consent education initiatives should consider findings from more diverse populations when discussing sexual consent to take a more inclusive approach to sexual health education.
{"title":"Sexual consent cues among sexual minority men in the United States","authors":"T. Marcantonio, Andrew M. O’Neil, K. Jozkowski","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1936141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1936141","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sexual consent research often focuses on how those who identify as heterosexual communicate consent, with limited research examining how sexual minority (SM) men communicate consent. Factors that influence how people communicate consent – such as the type of sexual behaviour being consented to and the relationship status of those engaged in sexual behaviour – is understudied among SM men. The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess how SM men communicate sexual consent and examine if these factors influence how men consent to sex. SM men (N = 234) were recruited from social media and Qualtrics’ panel. Participants completed an open-ended survey assessing how consent was communicated during oral and anal sex and who their partner was during this encounter. Responses were analysed using an inductive coding approach. Six overarching consent cues emerged: Explicit Verbal, Explicit Nonverbal, No-Response, Implicit Nonverbal, Virtual Consent and Implicit Verbal. Sexual consent communication appeared to vary by sexual behaviour and relationship status. Overall, SM men and people who identify as heterosexual appear to communicate sexual consent similarly; however, some new cues emerged for SM men. Consent education initiatives should consider findings from more diverse populations when discussing sexual consent to take a more inclusive approach to sexual health education.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"2 1","pages":"863 - 879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88513509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1936140
C. Mahon, Richard Lombard-Vance, G. Kiernan, J. Pachankis, P. Gallagher
ABSTRACT Social anxiety is a prominent psychological concern within sexual minority populations. We systematically reviewed the related empirical literature in order to 1) describe the characteristics of studies assessing social anxiety among sexual minority individuals; 2) compare social anxiety levels across sexual orientation subgroups; 3) synthesise bivariate and multivariate associations related to social anxiety, and collate qualitative findings pertaining to social anxiety, among sexual minority populations; 4) identify psychological interventions that have been empirically tested to reduce social anxiety symptoms in sexual minority individuals. A search strategy was implemented across six databases, and 61 papers representing 46 unique studies were identified for inclusion. The vast majority of studies were cross-sectional, based in the USA, and more focused on sexual minority men than women. No included studies were qualitative in nature. Across studies, sexual minority individuals consistently appear at a higher risk for social anxiety symptoms than heterosexuals. Subgroup analyses within sexual minority subgroups are scarce; however, tentative evidence suggests that bisexual individuals are at greater risk for high social anxiety symptoms than gay/lesbian individuals. Minority stress processes, general social processes (e.g. social support), other internalising mental health symptoms, among other variables hold significant associations with social anxiety across the included studies. Empirical studies testing the efficacy of psychological interventions in this area are markedly lacking. Future studies should employ more diverse methodologies (i.e. experimental, longitudinal, and qualitative) to further elucidate the determinants and experience of social anxiety among sexual minority individuals and interventions to address them.
{"title":"Social Anxiety Among Sexual Minority Individuals: A Systematic Review","authors":"C. Mahon, Richard Lombard-Vance, G. Kiernan, J. Pachankis, P. Gallagher","doi":"10.1080/19419899.2021.1936140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1936140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social anxiety is a prominent psychological concern within sexual minority populations. We systematically reviewed the related empirical literature in order to 1) describe the characteristics of studies assessing social anxiety among sexual minority individuals; 2) compare social anxiety levels across sexual orientation subgroups; 3) synthesise bivariate and multivariate associations related to social anxiety, and collate qualitative findings pertaining to social anxiety, among sexual minority populations; 4) identify psychological interventions that have been empirically tested to reduce social anxiety symptoms in sexual minority individuals. A search strategy was implemented across six databases, and 61 papers representing 46 unique studies were identified for inclusion. The vast majority of studies were cross-sectional, based in the USA, and more focused on sexual minority men than women. No included studies were qualitative in nature. Across studies, sexual minority individuals consistently appear at a higher risk for social anxiety symptoms than heterosexuals. Subgroup analyses within sexual minority subgroups are scarce; however, tentative evidence suggests that bisexual individuals are at greater risk for high social anxiety symptoms than gay/lesbian individuals. Minority stress processes, general social processes (e.g. social support), other internalising mental health symptoms, among other variables hold significant associations with social anxiety across the included studies. Empirical studies testing the efficacy of psychological interventions in this area are markedly lacking. Future studies should employ more diverse methodologies (i.e. experimental, longitudinal, and qualitative) to further elucidate the determinants and experience of social anxiety among sexual minority individuals and interventions to address them.","PeriodicalId":51686,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Sexuality","volume":"31 1","pages":"818 - 862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81744837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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