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New and rare alien vascular plants for Republic of Karelia 卡累利阿共和国新发现的珍稀外来维管束植物
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-3-36-38
A. Kravchenko
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引用次数: 0
New species records of charophytes (Charophyta, Characeae) for Ivanovo and Penza regions (Russia) 伊万诺沃州和奔萨州(俄罗斯)石蒜科植物(石蒜属)的新种记录
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-3-66-69
R. E. Romanov, Tatyana V. Gorbushina, Anton A. Kurganov, Elena A. Borisova, Mikhail P. Shilov
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引用次数: 0
Additions to the flora of the Belgorod province (2020–2021) 别尔哥罗德州植物区系的补充(2020-2021 年)
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-3-41-46
N. M. Reshetnikova, Elena N Solnyshkina
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引用次数: 1
On the Weather Factors which Cause Outbreaks of Foliophagous Insects (on the Example of Black-veined White Aporia crataegi (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in the Urals 论导致乌拉尔地区食叶性昆虫爆发的天气因素(以乌拉尔地区的黑脉白poria crataegi (L.)(鳞翅目,皮尔科)为例
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-2-18-28
On the example of the outbreak foci of black-veined white, that sprung up in the Urals in 2020, is shown how outbreak foci of the pest begin to develop. Besides in the article for the fi rst time the method of quantitative assessment of average span time during which occur formation of the outbreak foci of black-veined white and pine looper Bupalus piniarius (L.) is described. It is shown that outbreak foci of the both species come into being during interval of time no more than 1 hour. Average data of the black-veined white and pine looper outbreak foci formation in the south of Sverdlovsk region are 13 and 14 June accordingly.
文章以 2020 年乌拉尔地区出现的黑脉白蚁爆发疫点为例,说明了害虫爆发疫点是如何开始形成的。此外,文章首次介绍了定量评估黑脉白蚁和松材线虫(Bupalus piniarius (L.))爆发疫点形成的平均时间跨度的方法。结果表明,这两种害虫的爆发灶形成的时间间隔不超过 1 小时。斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区南部黑脉白蛾和松材线虫爆发疫点形成的平均时间分别为 6 月 13 日和 14 日。
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引用次数: 0
The Abundance оf Black Grouse in Northern Eurasia 欧亚大陆北部黑松鸡的数量
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-3-19-31
E. S. Ravkin, Ekaterina S. Preobrazhenskaya, Yurij S. Ravkin, Mariya I. Lyalina
This paper presents the estimate results of the average annual abundance of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix L., 1758), made on the material of data bank (ISEA SB RAS) for groups of physico-geographical countries within the borders of the USSR 1990. On the East European and West Siberian plains, value of grouse abundance and total number were calculated on average separately for the first and second half of summer and in winter, mainly from 1960 to 2020, for physicogeographical countries – only for the first half of summer. The under-accounting of birds was revealed in the second half of summer on the both plains territory, which was made up with the help of additional calculations. As a result, value of the abundance and total number of birds were obtained for natural zones and subzones within Russia and the USSR, separately on the East European and West Siberian plains. A significant similarity of the grouse stock estimation results by weighted averages, separately by landscape groups, and by a simple average for the entire territory of a physico-geographical country or several of them in the first half of summer is shown. The second method of stock assessment compared with the first one gave results that differ for those plains within confidence intervals at a confidence level of 0.1. On the groups of physico-geographical countries territories in the first half of summer, the highest average annual values of the abundance and number of black grouse are appropriate of the European territory and the Urals as a whole, as well as in Western Siberia. The lowest values are typical for Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
本文介绍了根据数据库(ISEA SB RAS)资料对1990年苏联境内各自然地理国家组的黑松鸡(Lyrurus tetrix L.,1758)年平均数量的估算结果。在东欧平原和西西伯利亚平原,主要从 1960 年至 2020 年,分别计算了夏季上、下半年和冬季松鸡的平均丰度值和总数,而对于自然地理学国家,则只计算夏季上半年的丰度值和总数。在两个平原地区,夏季后半期发现鸟类数量不足,通过额外计算弥补了这一不足。因此,分别在东欧平原和西西伯利亚平原获得了俄罗斯和苏联境内自然区和子区的鸟类丰度值和总数。按地貌组别分别加权平均的松鸡种群估算结果与一个自然地理国家或几个自然地理国家整个领土夏季前半期的简单平均估算结果有很大的相似性。与第一种方法相比,第二种鱼量评估方法得出的结果在 0.1 置信度范围内的平原上有所不同。在上半年夏季的自然地理国家领土组中,欧洲领土和整个乌拉尔以及西西伯利亚的黑松鸡丰度和数量的年平均值最高。中亚和哈萨克斯坦的黑松鸡数量最少。
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引用次数: 0
Alien Species of Vascular Plants in the Flora of Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve 普里奥克斯科-泰拉斯尼生物圈保护区维管植物的外来物种
Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-1-46-58
Mikhail M. Shovkun, A. Zernov
The paper presents data on alien species of vascular plants in the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve. In total 96 species are classified as alien, which is 10,6% of the total floristic diversity. This proportion is small and reflects a low disturbance and relative stability of indigenous phytocenoses. The appearance of a new 43 alien species for the flora of the reserve was noted. The characteristics of the current state of populations of alien species, location and prospects for further development, are given. Almost all alien species registered by us (with the exception of Oxalis stricta, Torilis japonica, Conyza canadensis) to one degree or another are the result of introduction activities. Depending on the degree of naturalization and potential danger to the ecosystem, alien species are divided into 5 categories: Status 0 – cultivated (unnaturalized) (32 species); Status 1 – alien non-naturalizing plants (11 species); Status 2 – casual alien plants (2 species); Status 3 – naturalized plants (45 species); Status 4 – invasive species-transformers (6 species). Areas occupied by Cornus alba and Caragana arborescens have been measured to further estimate population growth by comparing with a similar measurement after several years. Extermination of small pioneer Heracleum sosnowskyi population is recommended.
本文介绍了普里奥克斯科-泰拉斯尼生物圈保护区维管植物外来物种的数据。共有 96 个物种被归类为外来物种,占植物多样性总数的 10.6%。这一比例较小,反映出本地植物区系受到的干扰较少且相对稳定。保护区植物区系中新出现了 43 种外来物种。本文介绍了外来物种种群现状的特点、位置以及进一步发展的前景。我们登记的几乎所有外来物种(除了 Oxalis stricta、Torilis japonica 和 Conyza canadensis)在不同程度上都是引种活动的结果。根据归化程度和对生态系统的潜在危害,外来物种分为 5 类:状态 0--栽培(非归化)(32 种);状态 1--外来非归化植物(11 种);状态 2--偶然外来植物(2 种);状态 3--归化植物(45 种);状态 4--入侵物种-转化者(6 种)。对白山茱萸和石蒜占据的区域进行了测量,通过与数年后的类似测量结果进行比较,进一步估算种群增长情况。建议消灭 Heracleum sosnowskyi 的小规模先驱种群。
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引用次数: 0
Nesting and Abundance of the Osprey on the Territory of the Sayano-Shushenskij Reserve and in Its Protected Area 萨亚诺-舒申斯基保护区及其保护区内鹗的筑巢和数量
Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-1-20-28
E. A. Shikalova
The article contains data on the nesting of scopa on the coasts of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station reservoir within the Sayano-Shushenskij Reserve. Before the formation of the largest artificial reservoir on the banks of the Yenisej River, 3–4 pairs of ospreys nested. The low number was probably determined by the unsuitable conditions associated with the lack of places for the construction of nests. Flooding of mountain areas contributed to the formation of loan areas, as well as an increase in the number of fish resources that the osprey feeds on. In 2022, 12 residential nests were registered in the protected area of the reservoir, in each of which breeding was noted. A significant role in the development of the osprey population, along with natural habitats, is played by the strict protection regime characteristic of biosphere reserves.
这篇文章包含在萨亚诺-舒申斯基保护区内萨亚诺-舒申斯基水电站水库沿岸鹗筑巢的数据。在叶尼塞河畔最大的人工水库建成之前,曾有 3-4 对鹗在此筑巢。数量少的原因可能是由于缺乏筑巢的地方,条件不适宜。山区的洪水造成了借贷区的形成,同时也增加了鹗捕食的鱼类资源的数量。2022 年,在水库保护区内登记了 12 个居民巢,每个巢都有繁殖记录。生物圈保护区特有的严格保护制度对鹗类种群和自然栖息地的发展起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivation and Study of Varieties, Forms of Pears and Quinces in Conditions of Artificial Fog 人工造雾条件下梨和榅桲品种、形态的栽培与研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-1-29-36
I. Zatsepina
In this article, studies of green cuttings of varieties and clonal rootstocks of pear and quince were carried out using artificial fog. Experiments to study the rootability of green cuttings of pear varieties – Hera, Severyanka krasnoschekaya, Extravaganza, Autumn Yakovleva, Tenderness, Allegro, Yakovlev’s Favorite, Skorospelka from Michurinsk, clone rootstocks of pear PG 12 (k), PG 2, PG 17-16 and Northern quince, VA 29, No. 21, Provencal were carried out in a greenhouse with a fi lm a coating equipped with a fog-forming installation. In the future, the following were grown and studied: the number of rooted rootstocks; the average length of the increments; the diameter of the conditional root neck; the average number of roots; the length of the roots. As a result, clonal rootstocks of pears PG 12 (k), PG 2, PG 17-16, Northern quince were isolated, which had the highest rootability over 60.0%.
本文利用人造雾对梨和榅桲的绿枝插条品种和克隆砧木进行了研究。研究梨品种 - 赫拉(Hera)、塞夫里扬卡(Severyanka krasnoschekaya)、特大号(Extravaganza)、秋天的雅科夫列娃(Autumn Yakovleva)、温柔(Tenderness)、阿列格罗(Allegro)、雅科夫列夫的最爱(Yakovlev's Favorite)、米丘林斯克(Michurinsk)的斯科罗福音卡(Skorospelka),梨克隆砧木 PG 12 (k)、PG 2、PG 17-16 和北方榅桲 VA 29、21 号、普罗旺斯(Provencal)的绿色插条可生根性的实验是在装有人造雾装置的温室中进行的。随后,对以下方面进行了种植和研究:生根砧木的数量、增量的平均长度、条件根颈的直径、根的平均数量、根的长度。结果,分离出梨 PG 12 (k)、PG 2、PG 17-16、北方榅桲的克隆砧木,其生根率最高,超过 60.0%。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity of Phyllomorphic Branches in Conifers 针叶树叶形分枝的多样性
Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-1-37-45
D. L. Matyukhin
The structure of specialized vegetative shoots of conifers performing a trophic function has not been suffi ciently studied. The purpose of the work was to describe and classify phyllomorphic branches, as well as to identify the adaptations of conifers to the formation of such specialized trophic shoots. Phyllomorphic branches are fl attened dorsoventral shoots or systems of shoots with a non–thickened axis and opposite or regular double-row leaves. About 250 species of 42 genera of modern conifers cultivated in botanical gardens of Russia were studied. The main research method was a comparative morphological analysis of shoot systems, individual shoots and leaves. Several structural types of phyllomorphic branches have been identifi ed, each of which has its own variants: 1. Classical double-row fl at needle-shaped leaves with a thin axis (Abies, Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxus, Keteleeria, Picea, Podocarpus, Prumnopitys, Pseudotaxus, Pseudotsuga, Sequoia, Taxus, Torreya, Tsuga); 2. Phyllomorphic branches in the form of dorsiventral, branched in one plane systems of shoots (Chamaecyparis, Thuja, Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia, Taxodium); 3. Phyllomorphic branches that have phyllocladia instead of leaves (species of the genus Phyllocladus).
对针叶树具有营养功能的特化无性枝的结构还没有进行过充分的研究。这项工作的目的是对植物形态枝进行描述和分类,并确定针叶树对形成这种特化营养枝的适应性。植物形态枝条是指具有非加厚轴和对生或规则双列叶片的背腹扁平枝条或枝条系统。研究对象为俄罗斯植物园栽培的现代针叶树 42 属约 250 种。主要研究方法是对嫩枝系统、单个嫩枝和叶片进行形态比较分析。已经确定了几种植物形态枝条的结构类型,每种类型都有自己的变体:1.具有细轴的经典双排针状叶(Abies、Amentotaxus、Cephalotaxus、Keteleeria、Picea、Podocarpus、Prumnopitys、Pseudotaxus、Pseudotsuga、Sequoia、Taxus、Torreya、Tsuga);2.植物形态的枝条为背腹分枝,在一个平面上分枝的嫩枝系统(Chamaecyparis、Thuja、Glyptostrobus、Metasequoia、Taxodium); 3. 植物形态的枝条上有叶状体而不是叶片(Phyllocladus 属的物种)。
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引用次数: 0
To the History of Reindeer and Reindeer Husbandry in Eastern Fennoscandia 东芬诺斯坎迪亚的驯鹿和驯鹿饲养史
Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-1-3-19
Petr I. Danilov, Danila Panchenko, Konstantin F. Tirronen
The hypotheses of the reindeer appearance in Eastern Fennoscandia are discussed. Probably, reindeer appeared in the south of the Scandinavian Peninsula and then moved along the coast of the Norwegian Sea. Further, it dispersed along the Barents Sea to the north of Finland and to the northwest of the Kola Peninsula. The occupancy of the central and northeastern parts of the Kola Peninsula, apparently, took place along the mainland of the peninsula, fi rst in the southern and then in the eastern direction. Forest reindeer entered Eastern Fennoscandia 8–9 thousand years ago: fi rst in central Karelia, much later in Finland, and, possibly, to the south of the Kola Peninsula (Siivonen, 1979; Rankama, Ukkonen, 2001). Currently, Eastern Fennoscandia is inhabited by three subspecies of reindeer: European tundra deer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus (L.)), forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.), and Siberian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus (L.)) appeared here in 1887 with the arrival of reindeer herders from the Bolshezemelskaya tundra. The existence of wild reindeer in Fennoscandia is closely related to domestic reindeer husbandry. Reindeer husbandry severely limited the distribution of the wild form, and as a result, the European tundra reindeer survived in Fennoscandia in the form of geographically isolated pockets of various sizes only in Norway and on the Kola Peninsula. Genetic studies have shown that, despite the longterm coexistence of the domesticated tundra reindeer and the native wild form in the eastern part of the Kola Peninsula, the wild reindeer preserved his genetic uniqueness. To the south, in Karelia, the main tasks now should be the protection and restoration of wild forest reindeer
讨论了驯鹿出现在东芬诺斯坎迪亚的假说。驯鹿可能出现在斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部,然后沿着挪威海沿岸迁移。此外,驯鹿还沿着巴伦支海分散到芬兰北部和科拉半岛西北部。显然,科拉半岛中部和东北部的驯鹿是沿着半岛大陆,先向南,后向东迁徙的。森林驯鹿在 8-9 千年前进入东芬诺斯坎迪亚:首先进入卡累利阿中部,后来进入芬兰,并可能进入科拉半岛南部(Siivonen,1979 年;Rankama、Ukkonen,2001 年)。目前,东芬诺斯康迪亚有三个亚种的驯鹿:欧洲冻原鹿(Rangifer tarandus tarandus (L.))、森林驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.)和西伯利亚冻原驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus sibiricus (L.))于 1887 年随着驯鹿牧民从 Bolshezemelskaya 冻原来到这里。野生驯鹿在芬诺斯坎迪亚的存在与家养驯鹿密切相关。驯鹿饲养严重限制了野生驯鹿的分布,因此,欧洲冻原驯鹿仅在挪威和科拉半岛以地理上孤立的大小不等的小块形式生存在芬诺斯坎迪亚。遗传学研究表明,尽管在科拉半岛东部,驯化的冻原驯鹿和本地野生驯鹿长期并存,但野生驯鹿保留了其独特的遗传基因。在南部的卡累利阿,目前的主要任务是保护和恢复野生森林驯鹿。
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引用次数: 0
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Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii
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