Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2040357
K. Clarke
Abstract This article explores the emergence of various international justice narratives that operate as legal nonperformatives, making the law and law making seem liberatory. It shows that the ratification of a treaty may not qualify as a form of state expression or a speech act advocating human rights. Instead, it can be interpreted through semiotics as sending a signal about a stance. By examining this proleptic space, we can begin to make sense of what we cannot yet see, and perhaps begin to forecast whether the core tenets of international human rights will soon be reinvented or merely perpetuated.
{"title":"New frontiers in international human rights: Actionable nonactionables and the (non)performance of perpetual becoming","authors":"K. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2040357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2040357","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the emergence of various international justice narratives that operate as legal nonperformatives, making the law and law making seem liberatory. It shows that the ratification of a treaty may not qualify as a form of state expression or a speech act advocating human rights. Instead, it can be interpreted through semiotics as sending a signal about a stance. By examining this proleptic space, we can begin to make sense of what we cannot yet see, and perhaps begin to forecast whether the core tenets of international human rights will soon be reinvented or merely perpetuated.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43313468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2030209
Alison Brysk
In turbulent times, we stand at the leading edge of human rights. The previous generation of human rights scholarship debated the balance between a rising tide and an end times of human rights. From where we stand, we can discern both directions — and looking ahead, rising issues in the distance. Our research can only glimpse the social problems and power relations emerging at the horizon. These phenomena pose challenges to the continuing construction of human rights as a movement to expand norms and practices of who is human , what is right , and who is responsible . The human rights agenda sits at the crossroads of historic progress and hard times. On the one hand, the arc of history bends through consequential advocacy campaigns — from antislavery to anti-apartheid, expanding rights frames, and a growing interactive regime of global, regional, national, local, and transnational institutions for monitoring, advocacy, socialization, capacity building, and accountabil-ity — that culminates in an unprecedented justice cascade. On the other hand, historic governance gaps threaten the lives, liberties, and well-being of people displaced from their homes, livelihoods, and identi-ties by global forces beyond their control — from conflict to disaster to distorted development — while gender-based violence affects an estimated one of three women and girls worldwide. On every contin-ent, illiberal ethnonationalists degrade democratic institutions, minorities and migrants, women ’ s rights, sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) rights, and global governance, often posing counternorms to rights based in religious or populist claims: notably, in the United States, India, Turkey, Brazil, Hungary, Poland, the Philippines, and Israel. analytic to the This and rights-bearing
{"title":"The future of human rights: A research agenda","authors":"Alison Brysk","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2030209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2030209","url":null,"abstract":"In turbulent times, we stand at the leading edge of human rights. The previous generation of human rights scholarship debated the balance between a rising tide and an end times of human rights. From where we stand, we can discern both directions — and looking ahead, rising issues in the distance. Our research can only glimpse the social problems and power relations emerging at the horizon. These phenomena pose challenges to the continuing construction of human rights as a movement to expand norms and practices of who is human , what is right , and who is responsible . The human rights agenda sits at the crossroads of historic progress and hard times. On the one hand, the arc of history bends through consequential advocacy campaigns — from antislavery to anti-apartheid, expanding rights frames, and a growing interactive regime of global, regional, national, local, and transnational institutions for monitoring, advocacy, socialization, capacity building, and accountabil-ity — that culminates in an unprecedented justice cascade. On the other hand, historic governance gaps threaten the lives, liberties, and well-being of people displaced from their homes, livelihoods, and identi-ties by global forces beyond their control — from conflict to disaster to distorted development — while gender-based violence affects an estimated one of three women and girls worldwide. On every contin-ent, illiberal ethnonationalists degrade democratic institutions, minorities and migrants, women ’ s rights, sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) rights, and global governance, often posing counternorms to rights based in religious or populist claims: notably, in the United States, India, Turkey, Brazil, Hungary, Poland, the Philippines, and Israel. analytic to the This and rights-bearing","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45274207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2030208
A. Vilán
Abstract Although international and domestic laws prohibit child marriage, millions of girls are married every year worldwide, a trend only aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the turn of the century, the global advocacy movement to end child marriage has gained momentum by standardizing its framing, using testimonies and symbols to generate empathy and mobilize solidarity, and engaging with policymakers to end the practice. In this article, I draw on newspaper articles, advocacy reports, and interviews with activists in the United States and Latin America to identify the reasons behind its success. I also discuss several challenges activists are grappling with as the movement evolves, including intra-network dynamics regarding the centrality of sexuality and the forms child marriage adopts around the world.
{"title":"The evolution of the global movement to end child marriage","authors":"A. Vilán","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2030208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2030208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although international and domestic laws prohibit child marriage, millions of girls are married every year worldwide, a trend only aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the turn of the century, the global advocacy movement to end child marriage has gained momentum by standardizing its framing, using testimonies and symbols to generate empathy and mobilize solidarity, and engaging with policymakers to end the practice. In this article, I draw on newspaper articles, advocacy reports, and interviews with activists in the United States and Latin America to identify the reasons behind its success. I also discuss several challenges activists are grappling with as the movement evolves, including intra-network dynamics regarding the centrality of sexuality and the forms child marriage adopts around the world.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42083653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2040356
S. Corner
Abstract Intergovernmental institutions constitute “ecological” settings in which international human rights laws and norms are developed and shaped over time. Yet understandings of these settings remain limited. Notable feminist scholars of international law have argued that uncritical reliance on gendered dichotomies—such as objective/subjective, legal/political, and binding/nonbinding—has stunted knowledge of these spaces. I extend this critique by arguing reliance on yet another gendered dichotomy—the secular/religious—has further limited knowledge in this area. Moving past this unreflective reliance provides needed space to identify previously unrecognized ways supposedly local and global factors intersect to shape human rights norm-making within intergovernmental legal institutions. I demonstrate this using data collected as part of a qualitative study that examined how UN officials who work with women’s rights conceptualize the meaning of religion and its relationship to the human rights legal standards they work to interpret, monitor, and advance.
{"title":"The boundaries of religion in international human rights law","authors":"S. Corner","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2040356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2040356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intergovernmental institutions constitute “ecological” settings in which international human rights laws and norms are developed and shaped over time. Yet understandings of these settings remain limited. Notable feminist scholars of international law have argued that uncritical reliance on gendered dichotomies—such as objective/subjective, legal/political, and binding/nonbinding—has stunted knowledge of these spaces. I extend this critique by arguing reliance on yet another gendered dichotomy—the secular/religious—has further limited knowledge in this area. Moving past this unreflective reliance provides needed space to identify previously unrecognized ways supposedly local and global factors intersect to shape human rights norm-making within intergovernmental legal institutions. I demonstrate this using data collected as part of a qualitative study that examined how UN officials who work with women’s rights conceptualize the meaning of religion and its relationship to the human rights legal standards they work to interpret, monitor, and advance.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2030210
T. Hepner, Heather Smith-Cannoy
Abstract We convened a conference funded by the National Science Foundation at Arizona State University in April 2021. The 40 papers presented at the conference, a subset of which form this special issue, together demonstrated that, far from collapsing in the face of duress, law is a malleable tool that is deployed in novel ways to promote human rights. Collectively, the conference participants illustrated that the power of human rights lies not in their essentialized transcendence of time, culture, and context, but in their enduring promise that a more just world can emerge from sustained and creative struggle through, against, and at the margins of states, laws, and institutions. Ultimately, the key questions to emerge are not whether human rights law and practice will survive, but rather, what are the forces that continue to sustain, revitalize, and transform them? And what are human rights in the process of becoming?
{"title":"Introduction to human rights on the edge: The future of international human rights law and practice","authors":"T. Hepner, Heather Smith-Cannoy","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2030210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2030210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We convened a conference funded by the National Science Foundation at Arizona State University in April 2021. The 40 papers presented at the conference, a subset of which form this special issue, together demonstrated that, far from collapsing in the face of duress, law is a malleable tool that is deployed in novel ways to promote human rights. Collectively, the conference participants illustrated that the power of human rights lies not in their essentialized transcendence of time, culture, and context, but in their enduring promise that a more just world can emerge from sustained and creative struggle through, against, and at the margins of states, laws, and institutions. Ultimately, the key questions to emerge are not whether human rights law and practice will survive, but rather, what are the forces that continue to sustain, revitalize, and transform them? And what are human rights in the process of becoming?","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2030207
Sarbani Sharma
Abstract Human rights violations through militarized control have been the cornerstone of Indian statecraft in Indian-administered Kashmir. This article offers a close reading of the April 2017 episode of using a civilian Kashmiri Muslim man as a human shield by the Indian Army in Indian-administered Kashmir. Whereas the existing scholarship on the relationship between militarization, human rights violations, and Hindutva politics have employed political or feminist analytical frameworks, this article focuses on rereading the episode of human shield usage to analyze how “universality” of human rights in India is being redefined. It reflects on how the ruling right-wing government in India appropriates the language of violations and afflictions to embolden its strategies to alter the grammar of human rights in India. Drawing on a discourse analysis of the human shield event, the article deliberates on how anthropology of Hindutva and right-wing extremism research could pay greater attention to the conversation between Hindutva theology of rights and neoliberal ethics when approaching questions of recurrent human rights violations in Kashmir.
{"title":"Epistemes of human rights in Kashmir: Paradoxes of universality and particularity","authors":"Sarbani Sharma","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2030207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2030207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Human rights violations through militarized control have been the cornerstone of Indian statecraft in Indian-administered Kashmir. This article offers a close reading of the April 2017 episode of using a civilian Kashmiri Muslim man as a human shield by the Indian Army in Indian-administered Kashmir. Whereas the existing scholarship on the relationship between militarization, human rights violations, and Hindutva politics have employed political or feminist analytical frameworks, this article focuses on rereading the episode of human shield usage to analyze how “universality” of human rights in India is being redefined. It reflects on how the ruling right-wing government in India appropriates the language of violations and afflictions to embolden its strategies to alter the grammar of human rights in India. Drawing on a discourse analysis of the human shield event, the article deliberates on how anthropology of Hindutva and right-wing extremism research could pay greater attention to the conversation between Hindutva theology of rights and neoliberal ethics when approaching questions of recurrent human rights violations in Kashmir.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47788736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2030205
Suparna Chaudhry, Andrew Heiss
Abstract An increasing number of countries have recently cracked down on non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Much of this crackdown is sanctioned by law and represents a bureaucratic form of repression that could indicate more severe human rights abuses in the future. This is especially the case for democracies, which, unlike autocracies, may not aggressively attack civic space. We explore whether crackdowns on NGOs predict broader human rights repression. Anti-NGO laws are among the most subtle means of repression and attract lesser domestic and international condemnation compared to the use of violence. Using original data on NGO repression, we test whether NGO crackdown is a predictor of political terror and violations of physical integrity rights and civil liberties. We find that although de jure anti-NGO laws provide little information in predicting future repression, their patterns of implementation—or de facto civil society repression—predict worsening respect for physical integrity rights and civil liberties.
{"title":"NGO repression as a predictor of worsening human rights abuses","authors":"Suparna Chaudhry, Andrew Heiss","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2030205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2030205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An increasing number of countries have recently cracked down on non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Much of this crackdown is sanctioned by law and represents a bureaucratic form of repression that could indicate more severe human rights abuses in the future. This is especially the case for democracies, which, unlike autocracies, may not aggressively attack civic space. We explore whether crackdowns on NGOs predict broader human rights repression. Anti-NGO laws are among the most subtle means of repression and attract lesser domestic and international condemnation compared to the use of violence. Using original data on NGO repression, we test whether NGO crackdown is a predictor of political terror and violations of physical integrity rights and civil liberties. We find that although de jure anti-NGO laws provide little information in predicting future repression, their patterns of implementation—or de facto civil society repression—predict worsening respect for physical integrity rights and civil liberties.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2037411
Anntiana Maral Sabeti
Abstract Understanding where and how to bolster human rights is arguably the underlying motivation of most research in human rights and the greater field of political science. Increasingly, an emphasis on gender has been shown to prevent conflict and reinforce peace, thus demonstrating how a reinforcement of women’s rights benefits the sustainment of peace. Despite increasing evidence for this phenomenon, scholars have not fully explored the mechanisms through which a focus on women fosters and preserves peace. Using extant literature on women and peace, I identify two sets of policy instruments that may be more effectual than others in establishing gendered peace and preventing states from relapsing into conflict. I further categorize the policies into high-level and targeted policies and hypothesize that, contrary to intuition, high-level policies could be more effective at generating gendered peace. I test the models for each instrument using an updated version of the PAX-Gender database and find that more high-level gender policies are linked to longer-lasting peace treaties.
{"title":"Disentangling gendered peace: Observing gendered peace in policy","authors":"Anntiana Maral Sabeti","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2037411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2037411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding where and how to bolster human rights is arguably the underlying motivation of most research in human rights and the greater field of political science. Increasingly, an emphasis on gender has been shown to prevent conflict and reinforce peace, thus demonstrating how a reinforcement of women’s rights benefits the sustainment of peace. Despite increasing evidence for this phenomenon, scholars have not fully explored the mechanisms through which a focus on women fosters and preserves peace. Using extant literature on women and peace, I identify two sets of policy instruments that may be more effectual than others in establishing gendered peace and preventing states from relapsing into conflict. I further categorize the policies into high-level and targeted policies and hypothesize that, contrary to intuition, high-level policies could be more effective at generating gendered peace. I test the models for each instrument using an updated version of the PAX-Gender database and find that more high-level gender policies are linked to longer-lasting peace treaties.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46200326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2021.2013174
Emma Paszat
Abstract Sex that is considered nonnormative or undesirable is often subject to state sanction. In Rwanda in 2009 there was an effort to criminalize sex work and same-sex sex, but ultimately only the criminalization of sex work occurred. What explains these different outcomes? Although both groups are at higher risk for HIV transmission because of social stigma, these concerns were not sufficient. The political salience of the human rights argument that nondiscrimination is an essential government commitment in postgenocide Rwanda was used to reject criminalizing same-sex sex. However, neither politicians nor most civil society activists thought this human rights argument was applicable to sex work. Although criminalizing lgbt people was considered socially divisive, criminalizing sex work was considered necessary. Understanding these different outcomes reveals the limitations of human rights arguments on the regulation of sex in East Africa.
{"title":"Criminalization and rhetorical nondiscrimination: Sex work and sexual diversity politics in Rwanda","authors":"Emma Paszat","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2021.2013174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2021.2013174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sex that is considered nonnormative or undesirable is often subject to state sanction. In Rwanda in 2009 there was an effort to criminalize sex work and same-sex sex, but ultimately only the criminalization of sex work occurred. What explains these different outcomes? Although both groups are at higher risk for HIV transmission because of social stigma, these concerns were not sufficient. The political salience of the human rights argument that nondiscrimination is an essential government commitment in postgenocide Rwanda was used to reject criminalizing same-sex sex. However, neither politicians nor most civil society activists thought this human rights argument was applicable to sex work. Although criminalizing lgbt people was considered socially divisive, criminalizing sex work was considered necessary. Understanding these different outcomes reveals the limitations of human rights arguments on the regulation of sex in East Africa.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41558424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2021.2014795
Ann Quennerstedt
Abstract This article examines the academic discussion about human rights education for children and young people and argues that the current state of research does not provide sufficient support and guidance to nations, schools, and teachers in the establishment of human rights education in schools. The article’s aim is to add insights into how scholarly work may be contributing to the low uptake of human rights education in formal schooling. By drawing on educational children’s rights research and research on human rights education, three cardinal complications are identified; (1) that the main research fields that address education and rights do not seem to communicate, (2) that it is unclear what are the aims of human rights education are, and (3) that a curriculum for human rights education is missing. The cardinal complications are closely examined and discussed, and a middle ground is explored and progressively visualized.
{"title":"Children’s and young people’s human rights education in school: Cardinal complications and a middle ground","authors":"Ann Quennerstedt","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2021.2014795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2021.2014795","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the academic discussion about human rights education for children and young people and argues that the current state of research does not provide sufficient support and guidance to nations, schools, and teachers in the establishment of human rights education in schools. The article’s aim is to add insights into how scholarly work may be contributing to the low uptake of human rights education in formal schooling. By drawing on educational children’s rights research and research on human rights education, three cardinal complications are identified; (1) that the main research fields that address education and rights do not seem to communicate, (2) that it is unclear what are the aims of human rights education are, and (3) that a curriculum for human rights education is missing. The cardinal complications are closely examined and discussed, and a middle ground is explored and progressively visualized.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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