Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.225
Milad Moradibistouni, B. Vale, N. Isaacs
Near-zero energy buildings are known to have the potential to reduce energy consumption and consequent emissions. This article uses a life cycle analysis approach to evaluate the effects of using different insulating materials on the lifetime energy consumption of a near zero conditioning energy case study house in Wellington, New Zealand, by assessing the environmental impacts of a number of insulation options. The question addressed is whether using thick layers of insulation with high R-values in a building envelope is always a reliable approach to mitigating the impact of the built environment on the planet. The results show no significant difference between the environmental impacts of insulating the house using polyurethane and using no insulation in the first 28 years. The further discussion shows the energy profile used for processing the materials, construction and operating the buildings are not always the same, and this has a significant impact on the building’s environmental footprint. There needs to be a balance between both the value and profile of building operating and embodied energy.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF NEAR-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS WITH A FOCUS ON ENVELOPE INSULATION","authors":"Milad Moradibistouni, B. Vale, N. Isaacs","doi":"10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Near-zero energy buildings are known to have the potential to reduce energy consumption and consequent emissions. This article uses a life cycle analysis approach to evaluate the effects of using different insulating materials on the lifetime energy consumption of a near zero conditioning energy case study house in Wellington, New Zealand, by assessing the environmental impacts of a number of insulation options. The question addressed is whether using thick layers of insulation with high R-values in a building envelope is always a reliable approach to mitigating the impact of the built environment on the planet. The results show no significant difference between the environmental impacts of insulating the house using polyurethane and using no insulation in the first 28 years. The further discussion shows the energy profile used for processing the materials, construction and operating the buildings are not always the same, and this has a significant impact on the building’s environmental footprint. There needs to be a balance between both the value and profile of building operating and embodied energy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87012291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.89
Dilek Ekşi-Akbulut, Enise Yasemin Gokyigit-Arpaci
Earthen materials and rammed earth architecture concepts are becoming more and more popular among architects due to their applicability in various climates and low-cost construction technique. However, the use of flat earthen roofs in today’s architecture is rare, although there is historical evidence for the vernacular use of earthen materials in roof assemblies. The first examples for vernacular earthen flat roofs are found in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk. Flat earthen roofs used in vernacular, Anatolian buildings should be studied because a lack of maintenance has resulted in these vernacular Anatolian earthen buildings being on the verge of extinction today. There is a lack of literature research about the construction materials and techniques used in this traditional construction process. The aim of this study is to compile and present the knowledge behind this traditional flat earthen roof technique. In this study, initially, the flat earthen roofs used in vernacular Anatolian Architecture are analyzed via an extensive literature review. It has been found that in different districts of Anatolia, different types of vernacular flat earthen roofs together with different material layers and construction techniques exist. Site studies were carried out in Kemaliye.* During these site studies, six flat earthen roofs present in Kemaliye and in neighboring towns constructed via traditional construction techniques were analyzed and interviews were carried out with seven local foremen. Then, based on the information gathered, these traditional flat earthen roofs were classified into four types according to their material layers and construction techniques. Finally, preservation problems for flat earthen roofs are discussed.
{"title":"TYPES OF FLAT EARTHEN ROOFS USED IN VERNACULAR ANATOLIAN ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR PRESERVATION PROBLEMS","authors":"Dilek Ekşi-Akbulut, Enise Yasemin Gokyigit-Arpaci","doi":"10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.89","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Earthen materials and rammed earth architecture concepts are becoming more and more popular among architects due to their applicability in various climates and low-cost construction technique. However, the use of flat earthen roofs in today’s architecture is rare, although there is historical evidence for the vernacular use of earthen materials in roof assemblies. The first examples for vernacular earthen flat roofs are found in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk. Flat earthen roofs used in vernacular, Anatolian buildings should be studied because a lack of maintenance has resulted in these vernacular Anatolian earthen buildings being on the verge of extinction today. There is a lack of literature research about the construction materials and techniques used in this traditional construction process. The aim of this study is to compile and present the knowledge behind this traditional flat earthen roof technique. In this study, initially, the flat earthen roofs used in vernacular Anatolian Architecture are analyzed via an extensive literature review. It has been found that in different districts of Anatolia, different types of vernacular flat earthen roofs together with different material layers and construction techniques exist. Site studies were carried out in Kemaliye.* During these site studies, six flat earthen roofs present in Kemaliye and in neighboring towns constructed via traditional construction techniques were analyzed and interviews were carried out with seven local foremen. Then, based on the information gathered, these traditional flat earthen roofs were classified into four types according to their material layers and construction techniques. Finally, preservation problems for flat earthen roofs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85104518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Arango-Díaz, Olga Lucía Montoya Flórez, Laura Rendón Gaviria, Luz Magnolia Tilano Vega, Carla Maria Zapata Rueda
This paper examines the influence of the thermal and lighting performance in classrooms on the cognitive productivity of students attending public schools in the principal three cities of Colombia: Bogota, Medellin and Cali. The methodology used involves the application of cognitive performance tests and thermal and visual perception surveys, along with measurements of climatic parameters in 34 classrooms of 14 schools in 2017 and 2018. The results were analyzed using transversal correlational regressions. Among the conclusions, this study found that the operative temperature turned out to be the most conclusive variable explaining cognitive performance relationships.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE THERMAL AND LIGHTING PERFORMANCE IN CLASSROOMS ON THE COGNITIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN COLOMBIA","authors":"Lucas Arango-Díaz, Olga Lucía Montoya Flórez, Laura Rendón Gaviria, Luz Magnolia Tilano Vega, Carla Maria Zapata Rueda","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the influence of the thermal and lighting performance in classrooms on the cognitive productivity of students attending public schools in the principal three cities of Colombia: Bogota, Medellin and Cali. The methodology used involves the application of cognitive performance tests and thermal and visual perception surveys, along with measurements of climatic parameters in 34 classrooms of 14 schools in 2017 and 2018. The results were analyzed using transversal correlational regressions. Among the conclusions, this study found that the operative temperature turned out to be the most conclusive variable explaining cognitive performance relationships.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73182650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is currently progressing from version 3 (V3) to 4 (V4) with the aim of reducing environmental damage in the global construction sector. The LEED Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) subsystem is widely used for office spaces, particularly in Shanghai and California. Comparing Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI projects can shed light on the ability of the LEED-CI subsystem to adapt to local green building standards and local environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the difference between V3 and V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects using a comparison between Shanghai and California. The US Green Building Council and the Green Building Information Gateway databases were used to source LEED-CI V3 and V4 Gold office projects. The natural logarithm of the odds ratio and Fisher’s exact 2 × 2 tests with a mid p-value were used to evaluate the binary data, while the Cliff’s δ and exact Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used to evaluate the ordinal data. The results show no difference between Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI V3 Gold office projects in the five main LEED-CI categories. The shift from V3 to V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects is increasing the difference between Shanghai and California in terms of the following LEED-CI categories: location and transportation, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, and materials and resources. Therefore, as compared to V3, V4 for LEED-CI Gold office projects demonstrated greater adaptability to local green building standards and environmental conditions.
{"title":"LEED-CI V3 AND V4 GOLD PROJECTS FOR OFFICE SPACES: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHANGHAI AND CALIFORNIA","authors":"S. Pushkar","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.29","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is currently progressing from version 3 (V3) to 4 (V4) with the aim of reducing environmental damage in the global construction sector. The LEED Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) subsystem is widely used for office spaces, particularly in Shanghai and California. Comparing Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI projects can shed light on the ability of the LEED-CI subsystem to adapt to local green building standards and local environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the difference between V3 and V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects using a comparison between Shanghai and California. The US Green Building Council and the Green Building Information Gateway databases were used to source LEED-CI V3 and V4 Gold office projects. The natural logarithm of the odds ratio and Fisher’s exact 2 × 2 tests with a mid p-value were used to evaluate the binary data, while the Cliff’s δ and exact Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used to evaluate the ordinal data. The results show no difference between Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI V3 Gold office projects in the five main LEED-CI categories. The shift from V3 to V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects is increasing the difference between Shanghai and California in terms of the following LEED-CI categories: location and transportation, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, and materials and resources. Therefore, as compared to V3, V4 for LEED-CI Gold office projects demonstrated greater adaptability to local green building standards and environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83039599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ongoing global architectural agendas span climate change, energy, a carbon-neutral society, human comfort, COVID-19, social justice, and sustainability. An architecture studio allows architecture students to learn how to solve complicated environmental issues through integrated thinking and a design process. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon Design Challenge enables them to broaden their analytic perspectives on numerous subjects and strengthen their integrated thinking of environmental impacts, resilience, sustainability, and well-being. However, the unprecedented impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic transformed the physical studio-based design education system into an online-based learning environment. Mandatory social distancing by the global COVID-19 pandemic restricted interactive discussions and face-to-face collaborations for the integrated zero-energy building design process, which requires features of architecture, engineering, market analysis, durability and resilience, embodied environmental quality, integrated performance, occupant experience, comfort and environmental quality, energy performance, and presentation. This study emphasizes the educational effectiveness of virtual design studios as a part of the discourse on architectural pedagogy of zero-energy building (ZEB) design through integrated designs, technological theories, and analytic skills. The survey results of ten contests show educational achievement with over 90% of the highest positive tendency in the categories of embodied environmental quality and comfort and environmental quality, whereas the positive tendency of educational achievement in the categories of integrated performance, energy performance, and presentation were lower than 70%. The reason for the low percentage of simulation utilization and integrated performance was the lack of a proper understanding of and experience with ZEB simulations and evaluations for undergraduate students. Although VDS is not an ideal pedagogical system for the iterative design critique process, it can support the learning of the value of architectural education, including integrative design thinking, problem-solving skills, numerical simulation techniques, and communicable identities through online discussions and feedback during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF A VIRTUAL DESIGN STUDIO ON ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING DESIGNS: THE CASE OF THE U.S. SOLAR DECATHLON DESIGN CHALLENGE","authors":"Jeehwan Lee, M. Lee","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ongoing global architectural agendas span climate change, energy, a carbon-neutral society, human comfort, COVID-19, social justice, and sustainability. An architecture studio allows architecture students to learn how to solve complicated environmental issues through integrated thinking and a design process. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon Design Challenge enables them to broaden their analytic perspectives on numerous subjects and strengthen their integrated thinking of environmental impacts, resilience, sustainability, and well-being. However, the unprecedented impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic transformed the physical studio-based design education system into an online-based learning environment. Mandatory social distancing by the global COVID-19 pandemic restricted interactive discussions and face-to-face collaborations for the integrated zero-energy building design process, which requires features of architecture, engineering, market analysis, durability and resilience, embodied environmental quality, integrated performance, occupant experience, comfort and environmental quality, energy performance, and presentation.\u0000 This study emphasizes the educational effectiveness of virtual design studios as a part of the discourse on architectural pedagogy of zero-energy building (ZEB) design through integrated designs, technological theories, and analytic skills. The survey results of ten contests show educational achievement with over 90% of the highest positive tendency in the categories of embodied environmental quality and comfort and environmental quality, whereas the positive tendency of educational achievement in the categories of integrated performance, energy performance, and presentation were lower than 70%. The reason for the low percentage of simulation utilization and integrated performance was the lack of a proper understanding of and experience with ZEB simulations and evaluations for undergraduate students. Although VDS is not an ideal pedagogical system for the iterative design critique process, it can support the learning of the value of architectural education, including integrative design thinking, problem-solving skills, numerical simulation techniques, and communicable identities through online discussions and feedback during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74235694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3D printing of cementitious material can provide an affordable, sustainable, and optimized approach for the construction of homes, without compromising quality or craftsmanship. While most of the current research and development efforts in this field are focused on cement-based concrete printing, this paper focuses on the current state-of-the-art literature review of designing and developing a sustainable clay-based mixture design that mainly includes clay, sand, straw, lime, and water. The goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between typical traditional earth construction, specifically cob construction, and emerging 3D printing of cementitious materials. The specific objective of this paper is to offer some possible changes in the typical cob mixture so that it can be used for 3D printing of clay-based mixtures with sufficient flowability, buildability, strength, and open time (i.e., the time period between printing of one layer and printing of another layer deposited on a layer below). The paper describes typical clay-based mixtures and their traditional process and then specifies the challenges in going from traditional cob construction to advanced computer-controlled robotic 3D printing.
{"title":"TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL COB CONSTRUCTION TO 3D PRINTING OF CLAY HOMES","authors":"Amnah Alqenaee, A. Memari, M. Hojati","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 3D printing of cementitious material can provide an affordable, sustainable, and optimized approach for the construction of homes, without compromising quality or craftsmanship. While most of the current research and development efforts in this field are focused on cement-based concrete printing, this paper focuses on the current state-of-the-art literature review of designing and developing a sustainable clay-based mixture design that mainly includes clay, sand, straw, lime, and water. The goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between typical traditional earth construction, specifically cob construction, and emerging 3D printing of cementitious materials. The specific objective of this paper is to offer some possible changes in the typical cob mixture so that it can be used for 3D printing of clay-based mixtures with sufficient flowability, buildability, strength, and open time (i.e., the time period between printing of one layer and printing of another layer deposited on a layer below). The paper describes typical clay-based mixtures and their traditional process and then specifies the challenges in going from traditional cob construction to advanced computer-controlled robotic 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84153094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahereh Khademi Adel, Leyla Pirooznezhad, M. Ravanshadnia, A. Tajaddini
Green Building Construction (GBC) is considered as an advancement towards sustainable development and providing a balance among health, economics, and social problems. Many countries have adopted various policies for GBC according to their conditions and regulations, including incentives and deterring programs. This study reviews a scientometric analysis of some published articles on the policies, incentives, and barriers to GBC from 1990 to 2019. The required data has been collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database, and then analyzed using Histcite, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software. To accomplish this study, many items have been identified and ranked such as top journals, keyword co-occurrence networks, cluster analysis, the strongest citation burst, co-citation articles, most citations per year, and countries’ contribution to publishing, for the last three decades. Examining the trend of changes in publication of the related papers and interpretations of the analyses can be used for future research in each of the components, in addition to the creation of a knowledge-based view of past studies.
绿色建筑(GBC)被认为是朝着可持续发展的进步，并在健康、经济和社会问题之间提供了平衡。许多国家根据本国的条件和规定，对GBC采取了各种政策，包括激励和威慑方案。本研究回顾了1990年至2019年关于GBC政策、激励和障碍的一些已发表文章的科学计量分析。从Web of Science (WoS)数据库中收集所需数据，然后使用Histcite、CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行分析。为了完成这项研究，我们对过去30年的顶级期刊、关键词共现网络、聚类分析、最强引文爆发、共被引文章、每年最多被引以及各国对出版的贡献等项目进行了识别和排名。检查相关论文发表的变化趋势和分析的解释可以用于每个组成部分的未来研究，除了创建过去研究的基于知识的观点。
{"title":"GLOBAL POLICIES ON GREEN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FROM 1990 TO 2019","authors":"Tahereh Khademi Adel, Leyla Pirooznezhad, M. Ravanshadnia, A. Tajaddini","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Green Building Construction (GBC) is considered as an advancement towards sustainable development and providing a balance among health, economics, and social problems. Many countries have adopted various policies for GBC according to their conditions and regulations, including incentives and deterring programs. This study reviews a scientometric analysis of some published articles on the policies, incentives, and barriers to GBC from 1990 to 2019. The required data has been collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database, and then analyzed using Histcite, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software. To accomplish this study, many items have been identified and ranked such as top journals, keyword co-occurrence networks, cluster analysis, the strongest citation burst, co-citation articles, most citations per year, and countries’ contribution to publishing, for the last three decades. Examining the trend of changes in publication of the related papers and interpretations of the analyses can be used for future research in each of the components, in addition to the creation of a knowledge-based view of past studies.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78112739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impetus for buildings to decarbonize and move towards radical energy and water efficiency is increasingly strong and identified as a priority within the green building sector. The tiny house movement offers an opportunity to both address the challenges of affordable housing and contribute to residential building decarbonization. Tiny houses de-emphasize mass consumption and excessive belongings and have potential to address equity issues such as gentrification by providing living spaces to low-income residents in desirable housing locations. This paper analyzes the Tiny House in My Backyard (THIMBY) project, investigating building sustainability concepts through the design-build-occupy process in a three-year-old structure. THIMBY demonstrates energy and water efficiency technologies inside an award-winning small living space (18.5 m2). THIMBY was designed to reduce energy and water use by 87 and 82% compared to California residential averages. In practice, it has reduced site energy by 88% and has emitted 96% fewer carbon emissions than a 2100 square foot California Energy Commission 2016 Title 24 minimally compliant home. We discuss the differences between design and performance of energy and water systems, which we find offer important lessons for the further expansion of the tiny house movement and other alternative and micro green housing types. We find that optimizing such houses through integration of energy and water saving technologies, home energy management systems, and strong communication between modelers, builders and occupants will be essential to achieving dramatic energy (87%), water (82%), and carbon (96%) savings.
建筑脱碳和向激进的能源和水效率迈进的动力越来越强，并被确定为绿色建筑领域的优先事项。小房子运动提供了一个机会，既解决了经济适用房的挑战，又有助于住宅建筑的脱碳。微型住宅不强调大众消费和过度的财产，并有可能通过在理想的住房位置为低收入居民提供生活空间来解决公平问题，例如士绅化。本文分析了“我家后院的小房子”(Tiny House in My Backyard，简称THIMBY)项目，通过三年建筑的设计-建造-居住过程来研究建筑的可持续性概念。THIMBY在一个获奖的小生活空间(18.5平方米)内展示了能源和水效率技术。与加州住宅平均水平相比，THIMBY的设计旨在减少87%和82%的能源和水的使用。在实践中，它减少了88%的现场能源，比2100平方英尺的加州能源委员会2016年标题24最低标准的家庭减少了96%的碳排放量。我们讨论了能源和水系统的设计和性能之间的差异，我们发现这为进一步扩展微型住宅运动和其他替代和微型绿色住宅类型提供了重要的经验教训。我们发现，通过整合节能和节水技术、家庭能源管理系统以及建模者、建筑商和居住者之间的紧密沟通来优化这些房屋，对于实现显著的节能(87%)、节水(82%)和碳减排(96%)至关重要。
{"title":"ENERGY AND WATER PERFORMANCE OF AN OFF-GRID TINY HOUSE IN CALIFORNIA","authors":"A. Siegner, B. Webster, I. Bolliger, D. Kammen","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.111","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The impetus for buildings to decarbonize and move towards radical energy and water efficiency is increasingly strong and identified as a priority within the green building sector. The tiny house movement offers an opportunity to both address the challenges of affordable housing and contribute to residential building decarbonization. Tiny houses de-emphasize mass consumption and excessive belongings and have potential to address equity issues such as gentrification by providing living spaces to low-income residents in desirable housing locations. This paper analyzes the Tiny House in My Backyard (THIMBY) project, investigating building sustainability concepts through the design-build-occupy process in a three-year-old structure. THIMBY demonstrates energy and water efficiency technologies inside an award-winning small living space (18.5 m2). THIMBY was designed to reduce energy and water use by 87 and 82% compared to California residential averages. In practice, it has reduced site energy by 88% and has emitted 96% fewer carbon emissions than a 2100 square foot California Energy Commission 2016 Title 24 minimally compliant home. We discuss the differences between design and performance of energy and water systems, which we find offer important lessons for the further expansion of the tiny house movement and other alternative and micro green housing types. We find that optimizing such houses through integration of energy and water saving technologies, home energy management systems, and strong communication between modelers, builders and occupants will be essential to achieving dramatic energy (87%), water (82%), and carbon (96%) savings.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87011573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green housing reduces resource consumption and protects the ecological environment. Sustainable buildings and construction have gained increasing attention in the last decade. Many empirical studies have confirmed that green housing imposes a price premium at the presale stage. The high price could be a concern that prevents homebuyers from purchasing green buildings. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on whether the premium pricing could be compensated for by the resale price. To address this gap, this study establishes a hedonic regression model to estimate the price premium of green housing at the resale stage. The results show that green housing certified with the Chinese Green Building Label (CGBL) offers a 6% price premium compared with non-green housing at the resale stage. The results also show that green housing with a higher level of green certification, e.g., the 3-star CGBL, provides a greater price premium at resale. The findings indicate that home-buyers can obtain financial compensation for the high cost when purchasing a green home. Our findings also indicate that the price premium for reselling a green home is not always enough to compensate for the purchase cost in different cities. Policy recommendations for government promotion of green housing are also discussed.
{"title":"RESALE OF GREEN HOUSING COMPENSATES FOR ITS PREMIUM PRICING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHINA","authors":"Yongsheng Jiang, Yangang Xing, Donglong Zhao, Ruilin Jiao","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Green housing reduces resource consumption and protects the ecological environment. Sustainable buildings and construction have gained increasing attention in the last decade. Many empirical studies have confirmed that green housing imposes a price premium at the presale stage. The high price could be a concern that prevents homebuyers from purchasing green buildings. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on whether the premium pricing could be compensated for by the resale price. To address this gap, this study establishes a hedonic regression model to estimate the price premium of green housing at the resale stage. The results show that green housing certified with the Chinese Green Building Label (CGBL) offers a 6% price premium compared with non-green housing at the resale stage. The results also show that green housing with a higher level of green certification, e.g., the 3-star CGBL, provides a greater price premium at resale. The findings indicate that home-buyers can obtain financial compensation for the high cost when purchasing a green home. Our findings also indicate that the price premium for reselling a green home is not always enough to compensate for the purchase cost in different cities. Policy recommendations for government promotion of green housing are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84612851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Italy, when building a new school, there are no regulatory or cultural references that consider recent regulations on energy savings and emissions reduction, key environmental considerations that have received increasing notice in society and new teaching methods needs to address these environmental concerns, especially as related to the built environment. The main goal of this paper is to outline qualitative and quantitative guidelines for building low-carbon kindergartens in Italy. These guidelines will define a new building type for schools while also evaluating energy and environmental performance to create a structured and interdisciplinary support tool that can be used by designers during the preliminary phase of the design process. The method starts from the detailed analysis of representative sustainable buildings to define new typological models, then several energy and environmental analyses follow to evaluate the new building type performance, and finally the guidelines are detailed following the environmental and technological system.
{"title":"QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE GUIDELINES FOR CARBON-NEUTRAL KINDERGARTEN DESIGN IN ITALY","authors":"F. Bazzocchi, Ciacci Cecilia, Vincenzo Di Naso","doi":"10.3992/jgb.16.4.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.165","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Italy, when building a new school, there are no regulatory or cultural references that consider recent regulations on energy savings and emissions reduction, key environmental considerations that have received increasing notice in society and new teaching methods needs to address these environmental concerns, especially as related to the built environment. The main goal of this paper is to outline qualitative and quantitative guidelines for building low-carbon kindergartens in Italy. These guidelines will define a new building type for schools while also evaluating energy and environmental performance to create a structured and interdisciplinary support tool that can be used by designers during the preliminary phase of the design process. The method starts from the detailed analysis of representative sustainable buildings to define new typological models, then several energy and environmental analyses follow to evaluate the new building type performance, and finally the guidelines are detailed following the environmental and technological system.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80511187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：